肉桂精油壳聚糖纳米粒在冷却肉保藏中的应用

【目的】制备肉桂精油壳聚糖纳米粒,以扩大肉桂精油(CEO)在冷却肉保鲜中的应用范围,克服其易挥发的缺陷。【方法】采用离子凝胶法制备肉桂精油壳聚糖纳米粒。通过透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)对肉桂精油壳聚糖纳米粒的形态进行表征,测定其包封率。分别配制质量分数为3%和6%的肉桂精油壳聚糖纳米粒保鲜剂(CEO质量分数分别为0.2%和1.0%),用其处理冷却猪肉,检测其对肉样色泽(L值、a*值、b*值)、TBARS值、pH和菌落总数的影响。【结果】制备的肉桂精油壳聚糖纳米粒颗粒大小均匀、形态饱满、呈规则球形,冻干后形态仍较为均匀,包封率为(37.5±2.1)%。通过对冷却肉色泽、TBARS值、pH及菌落总数的分析得知,包埋质量分数1.0%肉桂精油的肉桂精油壳聚糖纳米粒试验组的冷却肉在(4±0.5)℃时储藏期可达到6d。【结论】制备的肉桂精油壳聚糖纳米粒表征良好,可在一定程度上延长冷却肉的贮藏期。     

消费者对安全猪肉的支付意愿及其影响因素

为了了解消费者对猪肉质量安全的态度和对安全猪肉的消费倾向,构建消费者支付意愿的理论模型,利用CVM法测算武汉市城市消费者对安全猪肉的支付意愿,通过Logit模型分析消费者对安全猪肉支付意愿的影响因素。研究表明,消费者对安全猪肉的支付溢价为30.9%,安全猪肉随机价格、消费者对猪肉质量安全的关注和信任评价对其支付意愿产生显著影响。由此,从改善消费者的信任、评价的角度提出了建议以促进武汉市生猪产业的发展。     

猪肉和鸡肉中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和T-2毒素酶联免疫吸附检测方法的建立

为保障动物源性食品安全,本研究建立了分别检测猪肉和鸡肉中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)和T-2毒素残留的间接竞争酶联免疫吸附法.结果显示,该方法在猪肉和鸡肉样本中DON的检测限分别为34.9和43.5 μg/kg,添加回收率为72.7%~97.1%,变异系数小于8.7%;T-2毒素的检测限分别为33.7和28.7 μg/kg,添加回收率为72.1%~95.0%,变异系数小于11.3%.该方法灵敏度高、准确、简便,适用于猪肉和鸡肉中DON和T-2毒素残留的快速检测.     

Challenges posed to the traceability of weaner pigs following live auction

Objectives   To gather demographic data on live pig sales through a peri-urban saleyard in Camden, New South Wales, and to demonstrate the difficulties in tracing the subsequent movements of pigs, particularly weaner pigs.
Procedure   Records of pig sales held weekly at the Camden saleyards for the 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 financial years were analysed. Saleyard data on a number of variables were entered into a purpose-designed database. Distributions of pig sales according to pig class (weaner/porker/baconer/backfatter), purchaser type (butcher/non-butcher), and transaction type (cash/account) were determined.
Results   More weaners (3192 in 2003/2004 and 3940 in 2004/2005) were sold than any other class of pig, accounting for 45% of the total pigs sold during this period. During 2003/2004, 3802 pigs were bought by 329 non-butcher purchasers including 1631 weaners (43%) purchased by 153 non-butchers (47%). The majority of these non-butchers during the study period (86%) paid cash for their pigs and did not provide the necessary information to allow the end destination of pigs to be determined. Location data was available for all vendors but only 25% of purchasers.
Conclusions   This study highlights the challenges posed in tracing movement of pigs following sale by auction. A high proportion of weaners sold at this peri-urban saleyard would not have been slaughtered immediately. This study highlights the potential difficulties in tracing pig movements after sale, for disease control purposes. We recommend that legislation be amended requiring the identification of weaner pigs sold live at auction in all states of Australia and the recording of the property identification code of all vendors and purchasers of pigs sold live at auction.     

猪肉嫩度相关QTL整合定位与基因关联分析研究

为了优化猪肉嫩度相关数量性状位点(quantitative trait loci,QTL),为基因的精细定位和克隆奠定基础。通过Meta分析,利用数学模型整合猪肉嫩度相关QTL,分析已知候选基因与“真实”QTL的关联性。收集猪肉嫩度相关QTL,将其逐一映射到美国肉畜研究中心(USDA-MARC 2.0)公布的猪遗传连锁图谱,构建整合图谱。进行Meta分析,得到精确性更高的“真实”QTL,并将已知候选基因映射到整合图谱,比较候选基因与各“真实”QTL的关联性。研究表明：99个猪肉嫩度相关QTL映射到参考图谱,构建成新的整合图谱。通过Meta分析,定位了16个“真实”QTL,图距2.42~25.18 cM,比较原始QTL缩短29.21%~93.18%。值得一提的是MQTL1和MQTL2,图距仅为2.42 cM和3.22 cM,且分别由9个和20个原始QTL聚合而成,有较高的研究价值。将FABP3、MYPN和ANK1基因映射到整合图谱,分别定位在MQTL5、MQTL12和MQTL16区间内,距离中心位置5.70 cM、3.67 cM和2.49 cM,可将这些区间作为关键区域,开展基因精细定位和挖掘工作。     

北京市猪肉市场行情变动规律的研究

本文通过对2002-2011年北京市八大批发市场猪肉市场行情数据进行分析,结果表明：北京市批发市场猪肉年度价格呈逐步上升趋势,大致以3.5年为一个波动周期;在年度内猪肉价格走势呈“一谷一峰”型;年度内上市量与价格基本呈反向关系。     

基于近红外光谱的猪肉水分在线检测与分级

基于近红外光谱法,优化光纤探头检测距离并通过检测距离调节系统和多点同时检测,设计了猪肉水分在线检测分级系统。首先,为确定光纤探头与生鲜猪肉样品表面间的最佳检测距离,在13个不同检测距离下(5~29 mm)采集了54个样品的光谱,采用多元散射校正方法对原始光谱进行预处理,分别建立了第1波段(349~1 435 nm)、第2波段(1 037~1 761 nm)和双波段结合3种情况的含水率偏最小二乘回归模型,分析了不同检测距离和不同波段的模型,确认19 mm为在线检测分级装备的最佳检测距离。然后,通过检测距离实时调节系统动态固定最佳检测距离,设计了双波段多点同时检测系统,采集45个猪肉样品在静态条件和在线条件下的光谱,通过比较分析,两种情况下预测结果相近,从而证实了所设计的在线系统能够预测猪肉水分,并且双波段融合建模效果优于单波段,预测结果为:校正集相关系数和校正均方根误差分别为0.906和0.598,验证集相关系数和预测均方根误差分别为0.836和0.402。最后,利用独立的21个猪肉样品验证猪肉预测分级模型精度及稳定性,结果判断正确率为90.48%,表明可见近红外光谱法结合多点检测能有效地在线检测猪肉水分并分级。     

Fiber characteristics of pork muscle exhibiting different levels of drip loss

The present study aimed to investigate the fiber characteristics of pork muscle exhibiting different levels of drip loss during storage. The samples were taken from Longissimus dorsi muscle to evaluate drip loss (n = 100). Fifteen muscles per group (low and high drip loss) were selected to evaluate the histological characteristics at 0 and 72 h of storage time. The statistical analysis revealed that a high drip loss group had greater endomysium thickness than a low drip loss group at 0 h of storage time (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in total number of fibers, fiber diameter, fiber area and perimysium thickness at 0 h of storage time (P > 0.05). At 72 h of storage time, a high drip loss was evident in higher total number of fibers (P < 0.01), but smaller fiber diameter (P < 0.05), fiber area (P < 0.01) and endomysium thickness (P < 0.01) than a low drip loss group. There was no significant difference in perimysium thickness (P > 0.05). In conclusion, drip loss might be affected by muscle structural characteristics during storage.     

猪肉储藏时间的电子鼻区分方法

用电子鼻对不同储藏时间(0~6 d)的猪肉样品进行区分,并确定电子鼻区分不同储藏时间肉品的较佳实验参数.对传感器信号进行多因素方差分析(analysis of variance,ANOVA)表明:对于固定容器的猪肉样品,不同的样品质量对电子鼻响应信号的影响极为显著;其次是样品在烧杯内的密封时间.通过单因素方差分析和区分度指标检验,得出猪肉在500 mL烧杯内的最佳参数为样品质量10 g、密封时间5 min.采用以上参数,对储藏0~6 d的猪肉样品进行辨别,结果发现不管是运用主成分分析(principle components analysis,PCA)还是线性判别分析(linear discri minant analysis,LDA),电子鼻都能很好地区分不同储藏天数的猪肉样品.     

玉米酒精糟的营养价值及其对生长育肥猪肉品质的影响

玉米酒精糟(corn distillers dried grains with solubles,DDGS)是燃料乙醇工厂以玉米为原料发酵生产酒精的副产品,含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、有效磷和维生素,是一种良好的饲料原料。近年来,随着燃料乙醇工厂数量的增多、规模的扩大及加工工艺的改进,玉米DDGS的产量和质量也不断提高,并且被越来越多地用于养猪生产中。但是其中过高的脂肪含量,特别是不饱和脂肪酸,导致生长育肥猪的肉品质下降,对猪肉的货架期及深加工造成了一定的负面影响。作者综述了玉米DDGS的营养价值及其对猪肉品质的影响。