Dot-ELISA检测猪胴体中沙门氏菌的研究

应用Dot-ELISA法对西宁某猪屠宰点 85份猪胴体进行了沙门氏菌的检测 ,同时采用常规分离培养鉴定技术作对照实验。结果在 85份肉样中 ,Dot-ELISA检出沙门氏菌阳性 6 5份 ,阳性率为 76 .4 7% (6 5 /85 ) ;而常规分离培养鉴定技术检出沙门氏菌阳性 6 7份 ,阳性率为 78.82 % (6 7/85 ) ,此两种方法的阳性符合率为 86 .5 7%。经统计分析 ,两种方法差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

The effect of the pH of meat on the boiling test

The effect of the pH on the boiling test was studied in 68 beef and 108 pork muscles. The pH had a significant effect on the sensory scores obtained from the boiling test. The effect was particularly pronounced in the odour of meat. In beef the odour scores remain steady for samples with a pH value under about 6.2 and start to increase rapidly in higher pH values. In pork the increase in scores appears to be linear. The odour observed in high pH meat was described by the judges as abnormal and ammonialike. In the case of meat with a high pH, the results of the boiling test at meat inspection should be interpreted with extreme caution.     

腌制猪肉发色工艺研究

[目的]腌制猪肉的发色工艺优化研究。[方法]应用双因素无重复试验和单因素试验得到优化腌制猪肉发色工艺。[结果]腌制试验的优化工艺参数为:冷藏温度(0～4℃)时,添加1%的乳糖,亚硝酸钠和异抗坏血酸钠的添加量分别为0.010%、0.300%时,腌制48h后所得的产品色泽和质地为佳,其工艺品质较好。[结论]在腌制猪肉加工过程中,适当加入亚硝酸盐,可使熟肉制品保持鲜艳的红色,有利于提高腌制猪肉的质量。     

基于核函数的SVM猪肉颜色等级评定研究

 为了实现用计算机和机械设备进行猪肉颜色自动化分级,本研究对猪肉样品照片进行图像处理,提取其中颜色特征参数,并进行色彩空间参数换算。通过对基于核函数的3种SVM多分类方法进行比较,选择出最适合于猪肉颜色的SVM多分类评定方法。对比结果显示,采用单独的HSV数据及RGB与HSV联合数据进行分类,分类效果好于RGB数据。RBF核函数“二叉树”SVM多分类模型,经过样本学习后,其分类的正确率可达98%;同时考虑经验风险和置信风险,其分类正确率达80%。     

3种生物保鲜剂对冰鲜鸡肉保鲜效果的研究

以羧甲基壳聚糖(CCS)、乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)、溶菌酶(lysozyme)作为复合生物保鲜剂处理新鲜鸡肉。根据中心组合设计试验设计原理采用3因素5水平的响应面分析法,考察3种保鲜剂对冰鲜鸡肉的保鲜效果。结果表明,3种保鲜剂对冰鲜鸡肉的保鲜效果依次为羧甲基壳聚糖>Nisin>溶菌酶;羧甲基壳聚糖与Nisin之间存在极显著的交互效应,羧甲基壳聚糖与溶菌酶、Nisin与溶菌酶之间的交互效应不显著;当羧甲基壳聚糖、Nisin、溶菌酶分别以1.85%、0.05%、0.08%进行复配时,对冰鲜鸡肉的保鲜效果最好。     

鲜猪肉病原菌污染研究进展

鲜猪肉病原菌污染是引起食源性中毒因素之一,近年来有愈演愈烈趋势。论文从鲜猪肉病原菌污染种类(革兰阳性菌和革兰阴性菌)、污染来源(内源性和外源性)、检测技术(病原学、免疫学、分子生物学和光谱学)和控制措施(源头环节控制、加工环节控制和流通销售环节控制)等四个方面进行了综述,以期为鲜猪肉的卫生安全保障提供参考。     

Calculation Method of Hydraulic Characteristics for Direct-Return Chilled Water System

In order to optimize design and operation, it is necessary to calculate accurately hydraulic characteristics large central air-conditioning systems. Simplified Model can not be applied to hydraulic calculation of large pipe network topological structure for its large calculation error. Taking into account the regulating characteristics of terminal branch temperature regulating valve, a direct-return chilled water system is studied, an accurate mathematical model of pipe network hydraulic characteristics has been established and a computer logic algorithm with virtual flow has been given. A direct-return pipe network with ten AHU branches is used as simulation calculation object, the pipe network supply-return water pressure difference is calculated, and also the temperature regulating valve opening and actual flow of each branch are calculated in the condition of different supply-return water pressure difference. The calculated results accord with the natural characteristics of high pressure difference unbalanced for direct-return pipe network. The calculation method can ensure calculation convergence.     

Effect of genotype and level of supplementary concentrate on foraging activity and vegetation cover in an organic free-range pig system

Abstract

The objectives were to investigate the effects of genotype and level of concentrate on foraging activity and vegetation cover in an organic pasture-based system for growing-finishing pigs. A 44% reduction in the allowance of concentrate more than doubled the rooting activity. The effect of feeding strategy on grazing was less pronounced; this behaviour only tended to be more frequent in the pigs fed restrictedly compared to the pigs fed according to recommendations. There were no significant differences in rooting activity between genotypes; however, the ‘traditional’ genotype grazed significantly more than the ‘modern’ genotype. The vegetation cover declined significantly faster in the paddocks with restrictedly fed pigs than in the paddocks with pigs fed according to recommendations. A restriction in the allowance of concentrate is a valuable tool for stimulating rooting behaviour in integrated systems where the pigs’ rooting behaviour is considered a resource in relation to, for example, soil tillage.     

Colonization of Butchers with Livestock‐Associated Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Reports have documented colonization of swine in Europe, North America and more recently in China with livestock‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA‐MRSA). Contamination of pig farmers, veterinarians and abattoir workers with these strains has been observed. However, although contamination levels of 10% of retail pork were reported from the Netherlands and Canada, there are limited data of contamination rates of workers handling raw meat. We investigated the rates of MRSA contamination of local butchers working in wet markets, where recently slaughtered pigs are cut up. Nasal swabs collected from 300 pork butchers at markets throughout Hong Kong were enriched in brain heart infusion broth with 5% salt and cultured on MRSASelect^®. Isolates were confirmed as Staphylococcus aureus and susceptibility testing performed. The presence of mecA was confirmed, SCCmec and spa type determined and relatedness investigated by PFGE. Subjects completed a questionnaire on MRSA carriage risk factors. Seventeen samples (5.6%) yielded MRSA, 15 harbouring SCCmec IVb. Ten strains were t899 (CC9), previously reported from local pig carcasses. Five strains were healthcare associated: SCCmec type II, t701(CC6), colonizing two subjects at the same establishment, and single isolates of t008 (CC8), t002 (CC5) and t123 (CC45). The remaining isolates were t359 (CC97), previously reported from buffaloes, and t375 (CC5), reported from bovine milk. None of these butchers reported recent hospitalization or a healthcare worker in the family. Two had recently received antibiotics, one for a skin infection. Four reported wound infections within the last year. All were exposed to meat for >9 h per day. Carriage of MRSA was higher in butchers than in the general community. Although five strains were probably of healthcare origin, the high incidence of t899 (CC9) suggests that cross‐contamination from pork occurs frequently. Washing of hands after touching raw pork is advised.     

非洲猪瘟对中国生猪市场和产业发展影响分析

受非洲猪瘟疫情、环保等因素影响,生猪产能快速深度下降,未来2 a猪肉供给偏紧特征明显,生猪价格快速进入新一轮上涨周期,未来养殖收益将连续3 a处于较好水平,未来2 a猪肉进口预期创新高。短期来看,非洲猪瘟影响下产销区供给过剩和供给偏紧交替出现,猪价由区域分化演变为普遍性上涨。受非洲猪瘟防控政策、产业生物安全水平提升需求和近期出台的产业支持政策等因素影响,中国生猪产业的生产和屠宰布局、流通模式、消费结构、猪肉贸易、价格周期等发生深刻变革。非洲猪瘟导致中国生猪养殖模式向适度规模转变,"公司+农户"成为主要发展模式,屠宰产能由销区向产区转移,管理和防疫成本提高,生猪产能恢复速度将较缓慢,猪肉消费加速向冷鲜肉转变,在肉类消费结构中比重将进一步下降,未来猪肉进口保持较高水平将成为常态。要有效实施非洲猪瘟分区防控、保障生猪市场稳定,需要通过加强区域化防控机制的顶层设计和立法,优化非洲猪瘟强制性扑杀补贴机制,加强基层兽医体系建设,实施"政府+企业+养殖户"联防联控,降低疫病传播风险,推动生猪产业可持续发展。