HACCP体系在供港澳冰鲜猪肉生产中的应用

HACCP是一种预防性控制管理体系,通过运用HACCP原理对冰鲜猪肉的各个生产环节进行分析,确定了5个关键控制点:活猪验收、屠宰分割、宰后检验、金属探测、冷却排酸;并制定相应的控制和纠偏措施,最终确定并建立了行之有效的HACCP计划。主要探讨了HACCP体系在供港澳冰鲜猪肉生产过程中的应用,以期通过应用HACCP体系,能够更好地控制供港澳冰鲜猪肉的生产,确保食品安全。     

冷却肉辐照保鲜HACCP体系的建立

通过分析冷却肉辐照保鲜过程中相关环节可能出现的潜在危害,制定了冷却肉辐照保鲜过程 H ACCP计划,确定了关键控制点及其关键限值,构建了冷却肉辐照保鲜 H ACCP质量管理体系。     

Production Results and Technological Meat Quality for Pigs in Indoor and Outdoor Rearing Systems

The objective of the study was to compare production results and technological meat quality for pigs born outdoors and reared indoors or outdoors during the summer period. A total of 279 pigs was reared in a large pen on deep litter, or outdoors. Daily weight gain and lean meat percentage were higher for pigs outdoors than indoors during year one (864 vs. 841g; 56.9 vs. 55.9%), but were similar for year two (859 vs. 844g; 55.9 vs. 55.6%). Outdoor pigs grew faster when fed ad libitum, but slower during the second phase when restricted, with inferior feed conversion. Most technological meat quality traits (surface and internal reflectance, marbling, pH_BF, filter paper wetness, cooking loss and maximal Warner-Bratzler shear force) were similar between rearing systems, whereas pH_LD was higher indoors. Total work of Warner-Bratzler shear force was lower in outdoor reared pigs. Maternal sire breed (Duroc or Landrace) and sex (castrate or gilt) did not notably affect meat quality traits. RN genotype had a stronger impact on meat quality than rearing system. It can be concluded from the similarities in production results and meat quality in both systems, that both indoor and outdoor rearing are good alternatives for summer rearing of pigs.     

Gaseous emissions,growth performance and pork quality of pigs housed in deep‐litter system compared to concrete‐floor system

This study measured gaseous emissions, growth performance and pork quality in a deep‐litter system and concrete‐floor system. Three hundred and twenty weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.0 ± 0.3 kg were assigned randomly into three treatments. Treatments 1 and 2 included four pens with 20 pigs for each pen respectively in the deep‐litter system, and the ratio of sawdust to chaff was 5:5 and 3:7 for treatments 1 and 2 respectively, the probiotics inoculated into the fermentation bedding for both treatments were composed of Saccharomycetes, Bacillus subtilis and Actinomycetes; treatment 3 was the conventional concrete‐floor system including eight pens with 20 pigs for each pen. The concentration of NH₃ and CO₂ in the deep‐litter system was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than that in the concrete‐floor system. The ratio of feed to gain for pigs raised in the deep‐litter system was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that for pigs housed in the concrete‐floor system. The carcass weight and length, color score and rate of cooking meat for pork from the deep‐litter system were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those from the concrete‐floor system. Results indicate that pigs raised in the deep‐litter system had some animal welfare improvements and an odor nuisance reduction; in the meantime, pork quality also improved from the deep‐litter system compared to the pigs housed in the concrete‐floor system.     

云南地方猪种肉质NIR指纹主成分分析和聚类分析研究

试验旨在探讨近红外（near-infrared,NIR）光谱技术应用于云南地方猪种肉质特性分析的可行性。在云南省8个县采集7个云南地方猪种腰背最长肌共计102份样品,利用近红外光谱分析技术,对各猪种近红外指纹图谱进行主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明,7个猪种肉质的近红外光谱具有共性和差异性,其主成分空间分布位于不同的区域,大河乌猪与大河猪光谱欧氏距离最近,迪庆藏猪肉质特异性明显。利用近红外光谱技术可以准确、快速地对地方猪种进行肉质特性分析,揭示出地方猪种肉质方面的特色资源。     

Effect of storage on quality traits of the semimembranosus muscle of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama) bucks and does

A total of 12 farmed fallow deer bucks and 12 does aged 31–32 months were included in a study on the effect of storage in vacuum packaging on the functionality of venison of the Semimembranosus muscle. All the analyzed meat quality traits were not affected by sex. The storage of meat in vacuum led to: an increase of pH (by 0.13 units; P = 0.001), L* (by 1.85 units; P = 0.002), a* (by 1.15 units; P = 0.013) and chroma (by 1.16 units; P = 0.016), a decrease of free water (by 6.62 percentage points (p.p.); P = 0.001) and water‐holding capacity (cm²) (by 29.61%; P = 0.001), and the increase of dry matter content (by 0.67 p.p.; P = 0.001). The results indicate that the chilled storage of venison caused the stabilization of pH and color, improvement of water‐holding capacity, with no negative effect on the proximate chemical composition. The quality of deer meat obtained from does and bucks was similar.     

冷鲜猪肉馅中假单胞菌的预测模型研究

以托盘包装冷鲜猪肉馅为研究对象,研究假单胞菌的生长变化与模型构建。结果表明,Gompertz方程拟合获得的假单胞菌生长预测一级模型,相关系数R~2值均大于0.99,偏差因子和准确因子分别为0.870和1.149;采用平方根模型研究温度对假单胞菌生长动力学参数的影响,得到温度与最大比生长速率和延滞期方程分别为:U~(1/2)=0.066×[T-(-11.606)]和(1/t_(LPD))~(1/2)=0.059×[T-(-15.42)],其中T∈[0,20],R~2分别为0.981和0.811,F统计量检验表明方程具有显著性。构建的生长模型能够较好地预测0～20℃下假单胞菌在冷鲜猪肉馅基质上的生长。     

基于光谱成像的猪肉新鲜度空间分布预测评价方法

新鲜度指标在像素位置缺乏微观参考值,因此将基于均值光谱的化学计量学模型应用到像素光谱时,无法对指标空间分布预测质量进行直接评价.提出了基于准度和精度的评价方法,以兴趣区域内各像素位置微观预测值的统计均值相对于理化检测值的决定系数和均方根误差作为准度评价指标;根据新鲜度指标的理论允许范围,以TVB-N微观预测值小于零的像...     

高密度CO_2处理对冷却肉的杀菌效果及理化指标的影响

研究了高密度CO2(DPCD)处理对冷却肉的杀菌效果及理化指标的影响。将冷却肉在15 MPa,25℃下经过不同时间(0,10,20,30,40,50 min)处理后,其微生物指标与理化指标表明:在15 MPa,25℃的DPCD处理30 min以上时,能很好的杀灭冷却肉中的细菌,同时对冷却肉的色泽、pH值、肌红蛋白含量等指标没有不良影响。     

基于太赫兹光谱分析的猪肉K值无损检测方法

K值是评价猪肉新鲜度的重要指标,能够反映猪肉内核苷酸的分解情况,从而评定肉的变质程度。一般采用高效液相色谱法测定K值,此方法过程耗时,需破坏被测样品,不能满足生产和流通环节的快速检测需求。本文利用太赫兹(THz)光谱分析技术无损检测猪肉K值,探索快速检测K值的可行性。在0.2~2 THz范围内,采用衰减全反射模式提取80份不同新鲜度的猪肉THz光谱数据,同时用高效液相色谱法测定每份样品的K值。THz光谱原始数据经过一阶微分和Savitzky-Golay平滑滤波后,分别用主成分回归(PCR)、偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)和反向传播神经网络回归(BP-ANN)建立了THz光谱预测猪肉K值的数学模型。研究表明:非线性BP-ANN模型预测精度最高,相关系数为0.75,均方根误差为14.36%;采用THz光谱数据BP-ANN模型能够检测猪肉的新鲜度K值。与HPLC方法相比,该方法具有快速、无损、简单的特点。