Diagnoses and treatments in health-classified fattening herds rearing pigs all in-all out

This study describes diseases encountered, medications used and veterinary involvement in all in--all out finishing herds belonging to one pork production system. The finishing herds had a particular management and housing regime. The pigs originated from health classified farrowing units. Information on 207,442 pigs was collected from 595 log books. Altogether 91% of the pigs received no treatments. Four percent of the batches of pigs were given antimicrobial mass medications. The local veterinarian visited the herds on average 2.6 times during the finishing period and made the diagnoses in more than half of the cases. At least one pig was affected with arthritis or tail biting in more than half of the batches, whereas locomotory diseases were recorded in one third of the batches. All other diagnoses were encountered in 1%-13% of the batches. Only a few pigs were treated individually in the affected groups. Antimicrobial drugs were given to 8% and other medicines to 0.7% of the pigs. The diagnosis was missing at least for one pig in 29% of the batches and the information about the medicine use in 8% of the treatments was missing. The study shows that it is possible to rear finishing pigs with only a small proportion of the animals needing treatments. The need of mass medications was low, because infectious diseases affecting the whole herd were uncommon. The recommendations for antimicrobial use given by the authorities had been followed quite well. The farmers and the veterinarians should be educated in order to realise the importance of proper record keeping.     

猪肉嫩度及其影响因素

嫩度是猪肉的主要食用品质之一,也是消费者评判猪肉质优劣最常用的指标。本文论述了猪肉嫩度形成的组织学原理及其评定方法,并从遗传与饲料营养的角度综述了影响猪肉嫩度的因素。     

甜菜碱生物学功能及其在改善猪肉质中的应用

甜菜碱对机体营养物质代谢具有重要作用,可有效改善不同生长阶段猪生产性能、胴体品质和肉品质,通过母子效应传递给子代,对子代进行营养调控。文章从化学结构、生物学功能、营养物质代谢及母体效应等方面,系统阐述不同添加量甜菜碱在改善不同生长阶段猪的机体性能、胴体品质及肉品质方面作用。     

基于移动终端的猪肉流通管理物联网的关键技术研究

采用移动终端,对实现猪肉流通管理物联网系统的RFID(无线射频识别)、二维条形码和GPRS等物联网关键技术进行研究,可以实现猪肉从养殖、屠宰到肉类产品加工、运输各环节的流通管理,使得监管部门和消费者可以通过智能手机扫描二维码,随时随地查询猪肉产品源信息与质量认证等信息,解决了目前猪肉流通管理系统的地域性、共享性和消费者信息的可获取性的问题。     

未来5年中国猪肉市场形势展望

受2013年能繁母猪存栏保持高位影响,2014年上半年猪肉产量和进口量分别增3.0%和9.2%,同时消费低于预期,导致生猪和猪肉价格连续4个月下跌并创近3年来新低,未来猪价将进入新的周期。未来5年中国猪肉产量年均增速为2.1%,到2018年猪肉产量将达到6 080万t,消费量将达到6 130万t。受生产成本上涨和生产周期影响,未来2年猪肉价格将处于上涨周期。猪肉进口量将稳中有增,到2018年达到70万t左右。养殖效率、疫病、国际市场和生态环境等因素将影响未来猪肉市场形势。     

包装材料对猪肉保鲜效果的影响

新鲜猪肉经保鲜液处理,采用7种材料包装,经真空和普通包装后,在室温下放置,结果表明,PE/PP/PET复合膜经真空包装效果最好,可在20～28 ℃下保存9 d;PA/PP/PET复合膜、铝箔袋和PE/NY保鲜膜在相同条件下可保存6 d。试验还表明,同种包装材料,采用普通和真空包装,以真空包装效果最好,比普通包装可延长2～3 d,具有较为明显的优势。     

冷却肉涂膜保鲜贮藏过程中的微生物变化

本文考察了冷却肉经壳聚糖涂膜后，在0－8℃贮藏过程中菌落总数的变化，实验结果表明：1％HAC＋1g壳聚糖组成的涂膜液、0.5%HAC 1g壳聚糖组成的涂膜液具有明显抑制微生物生长、延长冷却肉保鲜期的作用。此外，本文还探讨了由复合保鲜剂组成的涂膜液对冷却肉贮藏过程中菌落总数的影响。     

真空包装和天然保鲜剂对冷却保存猪肉的保鲜效果

对鲜猪肉分别用天然保鲜剂处理加PE塑料袋包装、PE/PA塑料袋真空包装和保鲜剂处理加PE/PA塑料袋真空包装 ,与PE塑料袋包装对照 ,研究其在 0～ 4℃冷却保存条件下不同处理方式的保鲜效果。每隔 2d对猪肉进行感官评定、测定其TVB -N值、菌落总数 ,并进行球蛋白沉淀试验 ,以判定猪肉新鲜度的变化。结果表明 :保鲜剂处理和PE/PA塑料袋真空包装均明显延长冷却鲜猪肉的保存期 ,两者同时应用效果更好     

绿色食品肉猪生产技术研究

文章从绿色食品肉猪产业化生产的角度 ,阐述了绿色食品饲料生产 ;绿色食品肉猪生产技术 ;绿色食品肉猪屠宰及冷却加工技术 ;产品质量监测 ;建立企业标准化体系和绿色食品肉猪生产基地建设