Carbon monoxide toxicity: a case series

Objective: To describe diagnostics, therapy, and sequelae of acute carbon monoxide (CO) toxicity because of a motor vehicle generator in 4 dogs and 2 cats. Series summary: Four dogs and 2 cats presented for recumbency, disorientation, dyspnea, and stiffness after an estimated 6–8 hour exposure to exhaust from a generator. Diagnostics included a serum carboxyhemoglobin levels evaluation, arterial blood gas analysis, pulse oximetry readings, and blood pressure measurements. Initial therapy included oxygen (O₂) administration, intravenous bronchodilators, fluids, and a hemoglobin‐based O₂ carrying (HBOC) molecule. Following administration of the HBOC, 4 of the 6 animals showed dramatic clinical improvement. Two weeks after hospital discharge, the owner reported potential hearing deficits in all animals. Brain auditory evoked response (BAER) tests were conducted in all surviving animals and some degree of hearing impairment was documented in all cases, with complete clinical resolution noted 6 weeks later. Unique information provided: This report describes the therapeutic use of an HBOC in acute isolated CO toxicity (i.e. without the complications of smoke inhalation). In addition, delayed nervous system dysfunction was documented in all surviving animals.     

中国东北松嫩平原丹顶鹤繁殖种群调查(英文)

自2004年至2008年,在白鹤GEF项目的支持下,全国鸟类环志中心于每年5月在东北松嫩平原的4个国家级自然保护区,即黑龙江的扎龙国家级自然保护区、内蒙古的科尔沁国家级自然保护区、吉林的向海和莫莫格国家级自然保护区,开展了繁殖水鸟的地面调查。调查的目的在于了解各个保护区繁殖水鸟的分布和种群动态。丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)是本调查活动的重要目标物种。通过5年的调查,了解到松嫩平原的扎龙保护区是目前丹顶鹤最为重要的繁殖地,逾90%的繁殖丹顶鹤种群分布在扎龙保护区,但种群数量变动较大,变动幅度介于112–275只之间。良好的芦苇(Phragmites australis)生境是丹顶鹤的繁殖种群保持稳定和增长的首要条件。通过给湿地供水可以缓解丹顶鹤繁殖栖息地的快速退化,但科学合理的供水机制是保证丹顶鹤繁殖成功的前提。     

新型兽医服务体系建设要素

兽医服务体系对畜牧业持续建康发展,动物重大疫病防控,保障公共卫生安全等起着十分重要的作用。论文结合国家对"三农"工作的发展要求,从兽医服务体系改革思路、构建新型体制机制、提升兽医专业技能水平、政策支持,建立有效的财政保障运行机制、推广普及和新技术应用、完善兽医法律体系建设和兽医信息化建设等方面进行了论述,以期为人类和社会提供更好的服务。     

结核分枝杆菌PhoP-PhoR双组分系统研究进展

双组分信号转导系统广泛存在于各种原核生物中,其基本结构为1个组氨酸激酶（HK）和1个反应调节剂（RR）,该系统能够感知外界刺激并作出反应,使细菌能适应各种不利环境且能增强细菌在宿主体内的生存能力,对细菌的毒力和生长至关重要。文章概述了结核分枝杆菌DosS/DosT-DosR、MprA-MprB、PrrA-PrrB、PhoP-PhoR等12个双组分系统,重点介绍了PhoP-PhoR双组分系统的结构与功能。PhoP-PhoR是结核分枝杆菌最基本、最重要的双组分系统之一,由感受器PhoR和效应器PhoP组成,其中PhoR可以接受Mg^2＋、Cl^－或H^＋等外界刺激,进而驱动PhoP对靶基因的转录表达进行调控。PhoP作为一种效应蛋白,经过晶体结构解析发现,其可通过与DNA结合来实现对靶基因的调控,具体包括对细胞壁组成的控制、对脂类代谢和pH的调节、对结核分枝杆菌毒力网络的调控。此外,文章还介绍了PhoP突变株作为疫苗候选株所具有的优势,包括PhoP突变株在小鼠模型中毒力减弱,并且免疫恒河猴及豚鼠后均有一定的免疫保护性等,表明PhoP突变株具有较好的疫苗开发潜力。作者通过对PhoP-PhoR双组分系统的结构与功能,以及PhoP突变株作为疫苗候选株的研究进行综述,旨在为结核分枝杆菌的毒力机制和人类结核病疫苗的研究提供理论依据。     

水分胁迫对紫花苜蓿根系吸水与光合特性的影响

变水条件下(利用PEG-6000模拟水分胁迫48 h,ψs=0.2MPa,之后复水48 h),测定紫花苜蓿(Medicago sattva L,品种阿尔冈金和陇东苜蓿)幼苗根系水力学导度与光合参数变化规律,旨在研究变水条件下紫花苜蓿光合作用的响应机制、植株水分吸收能力的变化规律及地上与地下部可能的相关关系.结果表明:干旱胁迫使得紫花苜蓿根系水力学导度(Lpr)受到显著影响.随着水分胁迫时间的延长,根系吸水能力呈现快速--缓慢下降趋势,即根系水力学导度逐渐下降,气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、净光合速率(Pn)和叶片水势亦随之而显著降低,胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)先随之降低但最终上升而累积.复水后,根系水导呈现缓慢--慢速的恢复趋势,Pn、Gs、Tr、叶片水势随着根系水导速率的增加而逐渐恢复;Ci则随复水时间的延长而逐渐下降.但各参数除Ci外,均没有恢复到胁迫前水平.紫花苜蓿根系水导与光合参数在复水后的恢复程度说明,紫花苜蓿对干旱逆境的抵御与适应能力相对较弱,但陇东苜蓿对水分胁迫的忍耐能力强于阿尔冈金.     

Detecting endotoxin activity in bovine serum using an automated testing system

The aim of the present study was to compare the ability of the commercially available portable test system (PTS^TM) to detect endotoxin activity in bovine serum, with that of the traditional LAL-kinetic turbidimetric (KT) and chromogenic (KC) assays. Prior to testing, serum samples, which were obtained from endotoxin-challenged cattle, were diluted 1:20 in endotoxin-free water and heated to 80°C for 10 min. The performance of the PTS^TM was not significantly different from that of the traditional LAL-based assays. The results using PTS^TM correlated with those using KT (r²=0.963, P<0.001) or KC assays (r²=0.982, P<0.001). Based on these findings, the PTS^TM could be applied as a simplified system to assess endotoxin activity in bovine serum.     

无透明带体细胞核移植研究进展

目前,体细胞核移植主要还是沿用Willadsen发明的显微操作的去核、注核、融合和激活来完成。由于其核移植效率较低,且对仪器设备和技术人员的要求较高,因此,简化并建立一套更适合于生产条件下的体细胞核移植程序,从而提高核移植效率一直是人们所不懈努力的。作者就无透明带核移植技术和单个胚胎培养系统作一介绍。