芒果叶片生化特性与炭疽病发生的关系

研究了芒果叶片生化特性与炭疽病发生之间的关系。田间自然发病调查和室内人工接种鉴定结果均表明,随着芒果叶片由最初的古铜色向淡绿色和深绿色叶片的逐渐成熟老化,抗病性逐渐增强。对芒果叶片表面蜡质层和叶内可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、总酚含量及细胞膜相对透性的测定结果表明,与淡绿色叶片和老叶相比较,古铜色叶片含有较少的表面蜡质、叶内可溶性糖和总酚含量及较多的游离氨基酸,推断古铜色叶片对病害的易感性可能与其叶面蜡质和叶内总酚含量较少、叶内可溶性糖和游离氨基酸的比值(C/N比)较低有关。     

Physico-chemical and sensory properties of formulated syrup from black plum (Vitex doniana) fruit

The fresh ripe fruit pulp and syrup, produced using the open pan evaporator, ofVitex doniana were analysed physico-chemically. Results show that the edible pulp of the ripe fruit is fairly rich in vitamin C (18.1 mg/100 ml) but acidic (pH 4.38) and poor in protein (0.82%) and oil (0.56%). The syrup yielded a DE value of 52, total dissolved solids content of 67° Brix and a refractive index of 1.4762 at 20°C. The syrup was moderately visous (2.1 Poiseuille), acid (pH 4.45) but relatively poor in vitamin C (2.8 mg/100 ml) and protein (0.3%). Sensory evaluation showed no significant difference (p0.05) in taste, flavor and overall acceptability betweenV. doniana syrup and honey. Both physico-chemical and sensory results indicate that the syrup was highly desirable and can substitute for other syrups as a nutritive sweetener.     

黄南州改良绒山羊绒纤维物理性状的分析

黄南州改良绒山羊绒纤维物理性状的测定结果为：细度14．14－14．68μm；伸直长度8．04μm；净绒率66．24％－76．92％；强度5．93－7．35cN;绒毛比37：64－51：49；绒毛束的纯绒率36．42％－43．34％，表明羊绒品质与柴达木绒山羊相当，优于国内其它部分品种，是优等的毛纺原料。     

硒化岩藻聚糖的理化性质和分子结构

运用多种方法和仪器对本实验室制备的硒化岩藻聚糖的理化性质进行了测定 ,结果表明 :硒化岩藻聚糖可溶于水 ,溶解度随温度升高而增加 ,但在有机溶剂中基本不溶 ;室温干燥放置 1年 ,硒含量保持稳定 ;硒化岩藻聚糖的平均分子量为 1.75× 10 4 ;特性粘度为 16 ;在 (2 0± 1)℃时的旋光度为 - 50 .16°。通过紫外光谱、红外光谱、氢谱 (1H -NMR)和碳谱 (13C -NMR)的测定分析确定 ,亚硒酸根取代了岩藻聚糖分子中C2位或C3位的硫酸根而连接在C2 位或C3位     

青贮玉米促生菌的鉴定及生物学特性的研究

根据布坎南.R.E等著《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》（第八版）,对4株青贮玉米促进菌进行鉴定。结果表明,4株促生菌分属于短芽胞杆菌（Bacillus brevis),蜡质芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）,放射形土壤杆菌（Agrobacteria radiobacter）和假单胞杆菌（Pseudomonas sp）。此餐,还对4株促生菌的生物学特性进行了比较观察。     

Evaluating the nutritive profile of three insect meals and their effects to replace soya bean in broiler diet

This study was conducted to evaluate the comparative effect of maggot meal, silkworm meal and mealworm as dietary protein source on the production performance and some aspects of meat quality in broilers. In this regard, maggot meal was reared on chicken offal and poultry waste. Silkworm meal was obtained from silk industry, while mealworm was developed through beetles rearing. A total of 120‐day‐old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups where soya bean meal (M0) was replaced with maggot meal (M1), silkworm meal (M2) and mealworm (M3) respectively. Each group was further divided into three replicates. The study was carried out for a period of 5 weeks. Diets containing mealworm significantly reduced overall feed consumption and resulted into higher weight gain (p < .05). Lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded for birds fed with mealworm diet (p < .05). Tenderness and juiciness of meat were higher (p < .05) in M3 compared to the control and other treatments. Mortality did not vary between the control and the treated groups. Therefore, it is concluded that insect meal is rich in essential nutrients and could be successfully used in broiler ration without compromising acceptability. In the light of this study, mealworm is the best choice in broiler ration, in comparison with maggot and silkworm.     

土壤物理特性对地下滴灌灌水器流量影响分析

地下滴灌灌水器流量由于受到土壤因素的制约而比地表滴灌流量有所减小,研究土壤物理特性对地下滴灌灌水器流量的影响程度对地下滴灌水力计算与工程设计具有重要的理论和实用价值。文中分别选取灌水器工作压力、土壤容重和土壤初始含水率为因素,采取混合水平均匀设计安排试验方案,将归一化处理后的各因素实测数据进行回归分析,估算各试验因素对地下滴灌灌水器流量的影响程度。结果表明:地下滴灌中工作压力是决定灌水器流量的主要因素,土壤容重和土壤初始含水率对地下滴灌灌水器流量的影响较弱,但在地下滴灌水力计算与工程设计中也不可忽略。     

氰氨化钙与秸秆还田协同处理对生菜土传病害防效及土壤质量的影响

 为明确氰氨化钙与秸秆还田协同处理对土传病菌的抑制效果以及对土壤微生物群落的恢复和土壤理化性质的影响,采用实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time quantitative PCR, qRT-PCR)、平板分离计数等方法测定土传病菌和微生物数量动态变化。生菜收获期测定植株农艺性状和产量,结合土壤理化性质开展土壤处理模式与土壤微生物互作相关分析。结果表明,氰氨化钙和玉米秸秆协同处理对生菜根腐病和生菜茎基腐病的防效分别达到56.81%和47.49%,且增产率(44.08%)较高,具有防病促生效果。氰氨化钙和玉米秸秆协同处理在消毒揭膜0 d微生物数量显著减少,定植期微生物数量逐渐恢复。此外,两种土壤处理均可提高土壤pH值,降低电导率含量。其中氰氨化钙和玉米秸秆协同处理可提高土壤有机质、有效磷和全氮含量。因此,氰氨化钙和玉米秸秆协同处理可抑制土传病菌增殖,增加生菜生物量,改善土壤理化性状,后期土壤微生物数量恢复且不会对微生物群落产生明显的扰动影响,对环境较安全。     

Changes in common wheat grain milling behavior and tissue mechanical properties following ozone treatment

Ozone treatment (10 g/kg) of common wheat grains with a new patented process, Oxygreen^®, used before milling was found to significantly reduce (by 10–20%) the required energy at breaking stage whatever the grain hardness and without changes in the flour yield. Detailed study of each of the milling steps undertaken on a hard type cultivar showed that both the breaking and the reduction energy were decreased. Reduction of the coarse bran yield was also observed concomitantly with an increase in the yield of white shorts. Biochemical characterization of the milling fractions pointed out changes in technological flour properties as starch damage reduction, aleurone content enrichment and increase of insoluble glutenin polymers. Measurement of wheat grain tissue mechanical properties showed that ozone treatment leads to reduction of the aleurone layer extensibility and affects the local endosperm resistance to rupture. These data as well as the direct effect of ozone oxidation on biochemical compounds could explain the observed changes in milling energy, bran and shorts yield and flour composition.     

有机肥对土壤理化性质及沟叶结缕草草坪质量的影响

在亚热带赤红壤区研究沟叶结缕草施用有机肥对土壤性质及草坪质量的影响。结果表明,两种有机肥均能改善土壤通透性,增大土壤持水量,施肥一年后土壤pH值降低。施蘑菇肥可增大土壤盐基饱和度,提高冬季草坪质量。施堆肥可提高土壤阳离子交换量和速效养分含量,但草坪均匀度和冬季质量下降,应减量使用。