高糖饲料中添加沙棘粉对黄河鲤生长性能、抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫的影响

为研究沙棘粉对黄河鲤生长性能、抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫的影响,实验选用初始体重约为7.55 g的黄河鲤450尾,随机分为5组,即对照组(control组)、高糖组(HG组)、高糖+0.1%沙棘粉组(G-LSP组)、高糖+0.3%沙棘粉组(G-MSP组)和高糖+0.5%沙棘粉组(G-HSP组),开展为期10周的养殖实验。结果显示,与高糖组相比,G-HSP组黄河鲤的增重率(WGR)显著提高。与对照组相比,高糖组黄河鲤血清和肝胰脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(TAOC)降低,而补充沙棘粉可减轻这些负面影响。高糖饲料抑制了肝胰脏和肌肉中nrf2mRNA的表达水平,上调了keap1 mRNA的表达水平。沙棘粉对高糖引起的nrf2 mRNA表达水平的降低和keap1 mRNA表达水平的升高有显著的抑制作用。沙棘粉可显著提高受Nrf2调控的下游转录因子(gr、cat、gpx和sod)的mRNA表达水平。此外,添加0.5%的沙棘粉能显著提高血清、脾脏和肠道中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、溶菌酶(LZM)活性和白蛋白(Alb)...     

酶法制备鮟鱇鱼骨超微钙粉的研究

为有效开发利用(鮟)(鱇)鱼骨下脚料,实验采用酶解和超微粉碎技术从(鮟)(鱇)鱼骨中制备鱼骨超微钙粉,并对(鮟)(鱇)鱼骨超微钙粉进行生物利用率研究.结果显示,采用碱性蛋白酶净化鱼骨的优化条件为酶解温度50℃,酶解时间2.5 h,pH 11.0,用酶量1 300 U/g,此时的净化脱除率为33.8％;经100 min粉碎后的超微钙粉粒度分布较窄,平均粒径达到最小,为626.9 nm;动物实验结果表明,(鮟)(鱇)鱼骨超微钙粉的生物利用率较高,经100 min粉碎后的超微钙粉组的钙吸收率为79.3％～ 83.5％,明显高于对照的碳酸钙组.最优条件下制备的(鮟)(鱇)鱼骨超微钙粉色泽洁白,颗粒均匀细腻,无异味,钙含量达29.5％.研究表明,(鮟)(鱇)鱼骨超微钙粉是一种优质、安全、利用率极高的钙补充制剂.     

液态和粉末脂肪对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长、健康及肌肉品质的影响

在目前的水产配合饲料生产中,油脂一般以液态形式添加到饲料原料中或者在真空环境中喷涂到饲料颗粒上,以脂肪粉进行应用的研究报道很少。本研究以豆油(SO,亚油酸∶亚麻酸=9∶1)和一种由豆油和菜籽油等组成的复合油(BO,亚油酸∶亚麻酸=5∶1)为脂肪源,分别以液态和粉末形式添加到饲料原料中制备4种配合饲料(SOl、BOl、SOp、BOp)。用其在室内水族箱中喂养初始平均体质量为15.38 g的吉富罗非鱼幼鱼8周后,各饲料投喂组鱼的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、肝体比、脏体比无显著性差异。与豆油饲料(SOl)投喂组鱼相比,SOp组的肝脏过氧化氢酶及超氧化物岐化酶活性显著升高、肌肉粗灰分含量显著降低,SOp、BOl、BOp组的血清甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白水平、全鱼的水分含量都显著降低,肝脏总抗氧化能力、全鱼粗蛋白含量及肌肉剪切力都显著升高。此外,BOp组的血清过氧化氢酶活性及肌肉硬度显著高于SOl、BOl、SOp组。肝脏和肌肉的脂肪酸组成各组间差异不大,均反映饲料的脂肪酸组成。研究表明,与液态油相比,脂肪粉饲料对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的生长无不良影响,且可改善鱼的健康及肌肉品质;复合油的效果优于豆油。结合脂肪粉具有包装、运输、储存、添加方便等优点,值得在水产养殖生产中进行推广应用。     

Effects of Olive Leaf Powder on Mechanical Properties of Heat-Induced Surimi Gel

The effects of addition of olive leaf powder (OLP) to surimi on the mechanical properties of surimi gel were investigated. The OLP contained a high polyphenol content of 7% (w/w). The breaking stress and breaking strain of surimi gel increased with increasing OLP concentration. The addition of 0.3% OLP increased the breaking stress of surimi gel by 80% and the breaking strain by 38%. The addition of 2.0% OLP resulted in a 100% increase in the breaking strain. The OLP gels had finer and denser protein networks than the control gel, probably due to integration of additional crosslinks into the protein networks via polyphenols or their derivatives. Although the addition of OLP had a detrimental effect on whiteness of surimi gel, OLP is still a useful functional ingredient for improving mechanical properties of surimi gel products in which the color is not an important quality.     

杉木粉液化与液化产物树脂化的研究

以硫酸为催化剂、苯酚为液化剂采用溶剂热法对杉木粉进行液化,用杉木粉液化产物制备出酚醛树脂;考察了反应温度、反应时间、液比(苯酚-木粉的质量比)和催化剂用量对杉木粉液化效率的影响,并初步探讨了液化产物残渣率对所制酚醛树脂性能的影响。实验结果表明,杉木粉液化的最佳工艺条件是:反应温度160℃,液化时间12 h,液比值3,催化剂用量3%,在此条件下残渣率约为10%。液化产物残渣率的测定表明,升高反应温度、延长反应时间、增加液比和催化剂用量可以降低残渣率,提高液化效率;液比值为0.5~1.5时残渣率随液比增加而显著降低,催化剂用量为0.5%~2%时液化效率的变化明显。红外光谱结果表明,由液化产物所合成的酚醛树脂中羟甲基含量较高。液化产物残渣率低时制备的酚醛树脂残碳率较高。     

强壮水螅（Hydra robusta）和水丝蚓（Limnodrilus sp.）对七种洗衣粉毒性的反应

本文用七种洗衣粉分别对强壮水螅（Hydra robusta）和水丝蚓（Limnodrilus sp.)进行了毒理实验。结果表明：一定浓度的洗衣粉能影响水螅和水丝蚓的正常生命活动，并可造成它们的大量死亡。48h对强壮水螅所测得的七种洗衣粉的半致死浓度（LC50）：WB、AM、LB、QS、QQ、TZ、HL-28分别是：33.50、35.16、55.54、28.44、33.38和27.54mg/L；水丝蚓的半致死浓度（LC50）分别为:82.41、64.86、89.13、82.22、98.17、60.26和102.33mg/L。     

The Effect of Different Types of Fibers on Protein Quality of Crab Leg Analog Paste and Gel Made from Alaska Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma)

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of wheat, citrus, and carrot fiber on protein oxidation and denaturation of crab leg analog pastes and gels produced from Alaska pollock surimi. There were no significant differences between protein carbonyl contents of the crab leg analog pastes with and without dietary fibers (DF; p > 0.05). The extractability of salt soluble protein in crab leg analog pastes significantly decreased by the addition of DF (p < 0.05), whereas it did not change in the crab leg analog gels (p > 0.05). The electrophoretic patterns in the pastes and gels showed that the addition of carrot fiber followed by wheat fiber and citrus fiber protected the degradation of myosin heavy chains in paste.     

Effect of Two Natural Carotenoid Sources in Diets for Gilthead Seabream,Sparus aurata,on Growth and Skin Coloration

To improve the unnatural fade-pigmented skin of cultivated gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, (if shown) the present study was initiated. The effects of either red bell-pepper (Capsicum annum) meal or carrot (Daucus carota) meal as a natural dietary carotenoid source, on growth and skin coloration of gilthead seabream growers were investigated. A basal/control diet (D1/CTR) was firstly formulated to contain 48% crude protein and 14% lipids, with no added-carotenoids. With this basal diet, two other test diets were similarly prepared and supplemented each with about 40mg/Kg total carotenoids from either red-pepper meal (D2) or carrot meal (D3). In a feeding trial, fish (mean IW, 94.86±0.3g) were fed one of the three diets (D1, D2, D3), in triplicates for each treatment, for 6 weeks in light-blue background PVC tanks supplied with natural seawater flow. Total carotenoids content of skin was determined spectrophotometerically at initiation and end of the experiment. Neither growth nor feed utilization were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the red pepper-added diet (D2) as compared to CTR diet. However, the carrot fed fish recorded the lowest and significant (P<0.05) weight gain (g/fish) and specific growth rate (SGR, %/d) among dietary treatments. There were no considerable (P>0.05) differences in major nutrients composition between fish fed the experimental diets. Total carotenoids content was significantly (P<0.05) increased, in the skin-opercle area, of fish fed the red pepper diet (D2) as compared to initial fish and to either carrot fed fish or CTR fish. Results have suggested that gilthead seabream can effectively bio-absorb natural carotenoid pigments (mainly capsansin and capsorbin) in red-pepper but not in carrot (mainly β-and α-carotene).     

塔拉粉一步法制备焦性没食子酸的研究

以塔拉粉（Ｔａｒａｐｏｗｄｅｒ）为原料，采用一步法制备焦性没食子酸．研究表明，合理的反应条件为：塔拉粉与水的配比为１∶３，氧化钙用量为１５％～２５％，反应温度为２００℃，反应时间为３ｈ．产品用二甲苯提纯，其质量达到试剂标准，焦性没食子酸含量为９９．０％（ＨＰＬＣ法）．每生产１ｔ焦性没食子酸需塔拉粉７．７ｔ（气干）．     

ABT生根粉在板栗、猕猴桃上的应用

ABT 3号生根粉 15 mg· kg- 1浸种 12 h,板栗出苗率达 81.7% ,超对照 2 5 .7% ,根长、侧根数和百叶鲜重分别比对照提高33.3%、6 6 .7%和 2 0 .0 %。ABT4号生根粉 10 mg· kg- 1和 2 0 mg·kg- 1溶液喷施板栗苗木 ,苗高生长提高 17.6 %～ 2 1.1% ,地径生长提高 14 .5～ 2 8.9% ;对猕猴桃结果树于盛花期喷施 10 mg· kg- 1 溶液 ,枝粗、百叶重、单果重、单位面积产量分别超对照 15 .4%、38.8%、7.8%和 32 .4%。