烟草NC89叶肉细胞原生质体再生植株的遗传稳定性

对烟草 Ｎ Ｃ８９ 叶肉细胞原生质体再生植株的 Ｒ０、 Ｒ１、 Ｒ２ 及 Ｒ３ 代的农艺性状进行了观察比较，测定了各代叶片中蛋白质和可溶性还原糖的含量，比较了各代植株的过氧化物同工酶谱，发现再生植株及其后代在农艺性状、蛋白质含量上均具有较好的遗传稳定性，过氧化物同工酶谱随代数的延长而趋于相同。     

Physiological and genetic control of tuber formation

Summary Tuber formation is a plalstic and complex, but well-orchestrated sequences of morphological. physiological and biochemical events. The physiological control mechanisms of this sequence of events may involve many hormones, but certainly gibberellic acids play a dominant role: they affecft most steps and are influenced by inducing or non-inducing conditions in a manner consistent with effects of these conditions on tuber induction. The genetic control is also complex. Numerous cDNA fragments have been isolated which are specifically expressed during tuberization. They can be used in anti-sense orientation in transgenic plants to thest their possible role in tuberization. In addition these cDNA fragments are used as genetic marker loci in QTL mapping studies and serve as candidate genes to exlain phenotypic variation. Profiles of the importance of QTLs over time may be combined with expression profiles of candidate genes. Such novel approaches offer unique opportunities for synergism between physiology, molecular biology and genetics.     

添加不同强度的远红光对黄瓜幼苗生长及光合作用的影响

为探究远红光强度对黄瓜幼苗形态、光合性状及碳水化合物的影响,明确不同红光(R)/远红光(FR)比值对黄瓜光合相关指标及参数的影响,以‘新津优1号’黄瓜为材料,在固定红蓝光强度及光合有效辐射的基础上,添加3种不同强度的远红光,使得各处理红光∶远红光的比值分别为10(L-FR)、1.2(M-FR)和0.8(L-FR),比较不同处理对于黄瓜幼苗生长及光合的影响。结果表明：增加远红光强度对黄瓜幼苗形态指标影响显著,M-FR和H-FR处理的鲜重较L-FR分别显著增加60.04%和56.60%;H-FR和M-FR处理株高较L-FR分别增加246.43%和200.63%。随着远红光强度增加,3个处理组气孔密度也随之显著增加,且气孔发育关键基因(MUTE和EPF1)相对表达量差异显著,蒸腾速率(E)、胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)和气孔导度(Gsw)随之增加;叶片上表皮、栅栏组织、海绵组织及叶片厚度均呈现下降趋势;在一定程度内添加远红光将提高Rubisco酶活化水平。各处理黄瓜幼苗的总氮含量和碳氮比均随着远红光强度的增加而显著下降,L-FR处理黄瓜碳水化合物含量低于H-FR处理。综上,M...     

松材线虫对黑松一些生理生化指标的影响（英文）

 松材线虫病是松树的一种毁灭性病害。本文对接种松材线虫后3~4年生黑松茎部的一些生理生化指标的变化进行了研究。结果显示,接种线虫后,松苗的可溶性糖含量降低,在病情发展中期和后期比早期降低更显著。松苗的可溶性蛋白质和抗坏血酸含量逐渐降低,游离氨基酸含量也降低。松树茎部的可溶性蛋白质含量可用于病害的早期诊断。此外,对这4个生理生化指标在病害致病机理中的作用进行了讨论。     

Regulations on glucose metabolism affected by dietary carbohydrate in different strains of juvenile gibel carp (Carassius gibelio)

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary carbohydrate on glucose metabolism in gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) as well to investigate if different clones had different responses to carbohydrate intake. Unselected Dongting strain (DT strain), selected gibel carp “CAS III” (A strain) and gibel carp “CAS V” (F strain) were fed with no corn starch diet (0C), 30% corn starch diet (30C) and 45% corn starch diet (45C) for 8 weeks. The results showed that selected F strain showed higher growth performance. F strain and A strain showed better control on postprandial glucose regulation by increasing plasma triglyceride, plasma cholesterol, liver and muscle glycogen contents and also enhancing glycolysis and restraining gluconeogenesis. DT strain had higher body lipid and lipid utilization. In conclusion, gibel carp could tolerate 45% dietary carbohydrate and F strain showed better growth by increasing glycolysis while decreasing glycogenesis.     

光照诱导太子参叶片黄化的机制

研究旨在探讨太子参在大田种植过程发生的叶片黄化及植株凋亡与光照强度之间的关联,并进一步明确光照影响太子参叶片黄化和植株凋亡的机制.通过比较不同地域的田间太子参叶片黄化特性和气候因子差异,利用生化分析及显微观察研究不同光照强度、氮素水平对太子参叶片黄化及碳水化合物累积的影响,以揭示太子参叶片黄化的生理机制.对安徽宣城和贵...     

土壤有效磷含量对棉花幼苗干物质积累和碳氮代谢的影响

苗期为棉花对磷吸收最敏感时期,然而现有研究未能明确土壤有效磷含量对苗期棉花干物质积累和碳氮代谢的影响以及适宜的土壤有效磷含量。本研究以"中棉所79"为供试品种,采用盆栽试验,研究了不同土壤有效磷水平下,五叶期棉苗干物质质量、碳氮代谢、功能叶片叶绿素含量及磷的吸收和利用。结果表明,随着土壤有效磷含量的增加,棉苗干物质质量逐渐增加,根冠比逐渐降低;土壤有效磷含量在9.0 mg·kg~(-1)时,棉苗干物质质量达到最大值,根冠比最小;过高的磷素营养对干物质质量的积累没有显著促进作用。叶片叶绿素含量随着土壤有效磷含量的增加呈现出先增加后减少的趋势,在土壤有效磷含量为7.2 mg·kg~(-1)时达到最大值。各处理棉苗中的蔗糖、可溶性糖、淀粉和氨基酸总量先随着土壤有效磷含量的增加呈显著增加趋势,在9.0mg·kg~(-1)时达到最大值,随后开始下降但差异不显著。土壤有效磷含量的增加可以促进棉苗的磷吸收量和磷根效率比,抑制磷利用效率,但对磷转移效率没有显著影响。因此,低磷会降低棉花幼苗叶绿素含量、糖含量和氨基酸总量,导致棉花生长受到抑制,适宜棉花幼苗生长发育的土壤有效磷的临界含量为9.0 mg·kg~(-1)。     

渍水对小麦节间水溶性碳水化合物积累与再分配的影响

盆栽小麦挑旗期至花后20天长期渍水处理植株节间可溶性总糖含量除在花后10～15天低于对照外,其余时期尤其是成熟期均高于对照.渍水使WSC主要组分果聚糖的合成关键酶SST(Sucrose:sucrose fructosyltransferase)、FFT(Fructan:fructan fructosyltransferase)活性减弱,果聚糖积累速率下降,积累持续时间缩短;开花后果聚糖外水解酶     

Ecotypic variation of water-soluble carbohydrate concentration and winter hardiness in cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.)

The variation of the water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration in foliage and stubble and winter hardiness among cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) ecotypes originated from diverse countries were studied in the field in order to find a breeding material for the improvement of WSC. The total WSC concentration of foliage was found to be highest in Japanese cultivars and lowest in ecotypes from northern Europe in summer and autumn. The variation of fructan concentration in stubble among ecotypes was larger than the variation of mono and disaccharide concentrations in stubble and that of total WSC concentration in foliage in both winters over which this study was conducted. The total WSC and fructan concentrations in the stubble of ecotypes from Spain and southern Europe, derived from the Mediterranean region, were highest in summer. Ecotypes from Japan showed the highest concentration of total WSC in stubble, and were especially high in fructan concentration in autumn. Ecotypes from France, central Europe and central Asia, like Japanese cultivars, also showed a high fructan concentration. The latitude of origin was negatively correlated with WSC concentration and plant vigor in autumn. The altitude of origin was negatively correlated with plant vigor in autumn and positively correlated with fructan concentration in stubble, winter hardiness and snow endurance. Typhula snow blight resistance was related with the amount of the increase in fructan in the plants and with their growth habits in autumn. The fructan concentration of foliage and stubble in autumn was found to be closely related with winter hardiness in cocksfoot ecotypes. A breeding material which has a high WSC concentration in the foliage could not be found among the ecotypes in this study. However, some ecotypes that showed disease resistance, good winter hardiness and plant vigor would be useful as breeding materials for Hokkaido.     

移栽Bt棉的生长发育及其碳氮代谢研究

2002-2003年在江苏高肥力棉田,移栽条件下对9个Bt基因棉花品种(系)的生长发育特点及其碳氮代谢特征进行了研究。结果表明,中棉所29等3个杂交种在整个生长期表现为棉株高增长快,叶面积增长量大,现蕾和成铃强度大,生殖器官干物重也高,叶片全氮、可溶性糖含量高,NR、GPT、Rubisco、Sucroase活性高,表现为生长发育两旺,常规Bt棉GK19和新棉33B盛花前株高、叶面积生长快,现蕾强度大,叶片全氮含量高、NR、GPT活性高,表现为前期生长旺盛;新洋822和苏抗103结铃盛期后叶面积生长快,现蕾和成铃强度大,碳氮代谢强,表现为后期生育旺盛;sGK321和鲁棉研16整个生育期氮代谢强度大,但可溶性糖含量低、Rubisco、Sucroase等活性小,营养生长快,生殖生长弱,表现为营养生长过旺。