桂花幼胚培养及愈伤组织增殖诱导

采用不同培养基对桂花胚的培养进行了试验研究,结果表明:MS 1-1.5 mg.L-16-BA有利于桂花幼胚的萌发;MS 2 mg.L-16-BA 0.3 mg.L-12,4-D有利于幼胚苗的幼叶愈伤组织的诱导,诱导率高,且质地致密;B5 1.5 mg.L-16-BA 0.05 mg.L-1NAA有利于幼胚苗基部产生的愈伤组织的增值诱导,所形成的新愈伤组织呈淡绿色,且质地致密,生长很好,并能分化出根。     

除虫菊愈伤组织的诱导和继代

以除虫菊茎尖为外植体,MS培养基为基本培养基,对除虫菊愈伤组织的诱导和继代进行了系统研究。结果表明:外源激素2,4-D与KT的9种配比中,1.0与0.4mg/L的激素组合对除虫菊愈伤组织的诱导率可达88.0%;当蔗糖质量浓度为10～40g/L时,蔗糖质量浓度的大小与愈伤组织增长量成正比,与褐变开始时间呈负相关关系,当质量浓度为25g/L时,愈伤组织日平均生长量可达0.127g;适宜的光照时间可延长愈伤组织保存期并维持良好的组织结构,光照时间为4h/d时,愈伤组织褐化开始时间保持在27d左右。     

Open-design Recirculating Systems for Zebrafish Culture

The zebrafish is an established vertebrate-animal model in biomedical research. Currently, their mass culture is mainly done using systems provided by commercial suppliers. Commercial systems are compact, recirculating, and use auto-cleaning tanks. These features minimize space use, labour cost, and water wastage; thus, facilitating maintenance of a large number of zebrafish using minimal resources. However, the often considered costs associated with these systems often impose a barrier to current and prospective researchers, especially those with limited funds or working in labs with no access to institutional centralized zebrafish culture facilities. In contrast to commercial systems, custom-made zebrafish maintenance systems are also described in the literature. To distinguish custom-made system from commercial systems, we termed them as “open-design” systems. Open-design systems are cost-effective, modular, and frequently being improved by zebrafish researchers. However, for further development and to present them as a viable option for zebrafish researchers around the world, a review of their current status and technical understanding is required. Here, we compile the disparate data on the purpose and technological development of the open-design systems. We believe this review will be a valuable resource for all zebrafish users and help streamline the open-design technology for zebrafish culture.     

An analysis of the effect of diet and genotype on protein and energy utilization by the black tiger shrimp,Penaeus monodon – why do genetically selected shrimp grow faster?

Selected (G8) and wild‐type (W) genotypes of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) juveniles (initial weight G8 = 9.14 ± 0.36 g per animal and W = 8.44 ± 0.10 g per animal) were fed either of two diet types in a clear‐water tank trial to examine the effects of diet type and genetics on growth and feed utilization parameters. Animals were fed twice daily at one of the five ration levels from starvation to apparent satiety. All uneaten feed was accounted for and moults removed. Starved animals were measured after 3 weeks; those fed were measured at both three and 6 weeks. Diet type varied by protein content, raw material choice and the presence [high‐specification diet (HSD)] or absence [low‐specification diet (LSD)] of bioactive substances. At the end of the study, faecal samples were also collected to determine the digestible protein and energy content of each diet by each genotype. Whole animal protein and energy content were also assessed from samples from the initial populations and those from each tank. Growth after 6 weeks of those animals fed to satiety showed that the G8 animals fed the HSD diet had grown at a rate of 2.56 g week^?1, significantly faster than any other treatment. Those G8 animals fed the LSD diet (1.81 g week^?1) had grown significantly faster than the W animals fed the HSD diet (1.25 g week^?1), while those W animals fed the LSD diet (0.61 g week^?1) grew the slowest. Using the data from the varying ration levels, we were able to define that the growth gains of the G8 animals were achieved not only by a greater appetite, but also through lower maintenance energy costs (29 versus 57 kJ kg^?0.8 day^?1) and a more efficient energy conversion (19.5% versus 11.6% when fed the HSD diet). Use of a low‐specification diet with the G8 and W shrimps limited their growth and impaired their potential as demonstrated by a curvilinear response of growth to intake. By comparison, those shrimp fed the HSD diet had a relatively linear growth response to intake.     

农杆菌介导遗传转化获得转CP4基因籼稻的研究

  目的  建立籼稻‘中恢161’Oryza sativa subsp. indica ‘Zhonghui 161’农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens介导的转化体系。  方法  以籼稻‘中恢161’的成熟胚为材料,设置了5个草甘膦质量浓度(100、200、300、400和500 mg·L?1)进行胚性愈伤组织的草甘膦敏感性试验。利用农杆菌介导法,将草甘膦抗性基因CP4-EPSPS导入‘中恢161’的胚性愈伤组织中,转化后的胚性愈伤组织分别在含有300、350和400 mg·L?1草甘膦的选择培养基上进行抗性筛选。抗性愈伤组织进一步分化、成苗。  结果  草甘膦质量浓度为300~400 mg·L?1时,愈伤组织褐化率约50%,具有很好的选择效果。经统计,300、350和400 mg·L?1草甘膦抗性筛选后,愈伤组织阳性率分别为40.16%、61.72%和84.04%,抗性愈伤组织的分化率为46.43%,成苗率为32.84%。共获得67株再生小苗,经PCR检测,43株成功转入CP4基因,再生植株阳性率为64.18%。  结论  建立了‘中恢161’农杆菌介导的转化体系。图5参20     

外源激素对掌叶大黄愈伤组织诱导及种苗生根的影响

以掌叶大黄无菌苗为材料,研究不同外源激素浓度及配比对试管苗生根、愈伤组织诱导及增殖的影响。结果表明：掌叶大黄的根、茎、叶均可作为诱导愈伤组织的材料。2,4-D诱导愈伤组织的能力明显高于NAA,以2～3mg/L 2,4-D的诱导频率较高为87.93%～93.11%,诱导愈伤组织的适宜培养基为MS＋2mg/L NAA＋2mg/L 2,4-D＋2mg/L 6-BA;6-BA对愈伤组织诱导频率无直接影响,但明显影响愈伤组织的增长量及生长状态。愈伤组织继代增殖以MS＋0.5mg/L 2,4-D＋1mg/L NAA＋1mg/L 6-BA最好;MS＋0.5mg/L IBA适宜于试管苗生根。     

天人菊无性系建立的研究

以天人菊幼嫩叶柄为材料,进行了组织培养及无性系建立的研究,比较了不同诱导条件对天人菊愈伤组织诱导、分化以及不定芽生根的影响。结果表明:MS+BA 0.4 mg.L-1+NAA 0.2 mg.L-1+2,4-D1.0 mg.L-1是诱导叶柄形成具有分化能力愈伤组织的理想培养基;1/2 MS+BA 0.8 mg.L-1+NAA0.1 mg.L-1是愈伤组织分化的理想培养基;1/2 MS+IAA0.2 mg.L-1是天人菊分化不定芽壮苗和生根的理想培养基。     

光照对喜树愈合组织生理及喜树碱合成的影响

喜树碱是一种从木本植物喜树Camptotheca acuminata中分离得到的抗癌活性物质,通过细胞培养合成喜树碱研究是喜树碱生产的一条重要途径。光照对喜树愈合组织生理生化特性、花色苷形成及喜树碱合成影响的研究结果显示,在光照和暗培养条件下,喜树愈合组织可溶性蛋白质质量分数、可溶性糖质量分数和过氧化物酶(POD)活力均呈逐渐上升趋势,培养第3周达到峰值;光照对喜树愈合组织中花色苷的形成具有极重要的影响。与暗培养相比,光照培养可以促进喜树愈合组织的生理代谢,且对喜树碱的合成和积累有一定的促进作用。图5表1参14     

广州市14种常用园林树木健康评价

园林树木是城市园林绿地的重要组成部分,及时调查与正确评估园林树木健康状况,不仅有助于园林植物景观的可持续发展,更可确保树木不会对居民、设施与财产安全构成威胁。研究采用随机样方法,调查了3类城市园林绿地中园林树木的健康状况,并对应用最多的14种园林树木的健康状况进行了分析。结果表明,大部分植株生长基本健康,秋枫(Bischofia javanica)、木棉(Bombax malabaricum)、垂叶榕(Ficus benjamina)、小叶榕(F.microcarpa)、大花紫薇(Lager-stroemia speciosa)、芒果(Mangifera indica)、人心果(Manilkara zapota)、白千层(Melaleuca leu-cadendron)和乌墨(Syzygium cumini)等9种树木抗性与适应性强,生长基本健康;黄槐(Cassiasurattensis)、黄葛榕(Ficus virens var.sublanceolata)和白兰(Michelia alba)在应用于某类绿地时容易出现健康问题;红花羊蹄甲(Bauhinia blakeana)和阴香(Cinnamomum burmannii)等2种树木存在一定的健康问题,管养应具有针对性;据此提出了园林树木应用及相应的管养建议。     

Minimising aerobic respiratory demands could form the basis to sub-lethal copper tolerance by rainbow trout gill epithelial cells in vitro

Mechanisms of Cu tolerance were investigated in respiratory epithelial cell cultures, from rainbow trout gills, by studying O₂ consumption and protein synthesis rates, intracellular Na concentration and TER. The lowest concentration found to reduce O₂ consumption was 25 M Cu. This did not affect either protein synthesis rate or intracellular Na concentration and was interpreted in terms of copper tolerance; i.e., how these two energetically demanding processes are maintained despite a reduction in aerobic ATP supply. The relationship between protein synthesis rate and synthesis cost is exponential and the cost of protein synthesis in gill cells was found to be minimal (i.e., this cell occupies a position on the asymptotic section of the protein synthesis rate/synthesis cost model) and unaffected by 25 M Cu. Thus protein synthesis rates could be maintained since any reduction would represent an insignificant energy saving. Intracellular Na concentrations and O₂ consumption rates were linearly correlated suggesting reducing intracellular maintenance costs would have a greater significance in terms of overall energetic conservation. Intracellular Na maintenance costs, calculated from O₂ consumption rates and intracellular Na concentrations, were found to decline after exposure to 25 M Cu. Since TER was unaffected this implied the reduced costs arose from membrane `channel arrest'. Thus the Na/K ATPase energy demands, associated with maintaining intracellular Na concentration, could be reduced by decoupling metabolic demand and membrane function. Therefore this study may demonstrate how the flexibility of cellular energetics enables gill epithelial cells to tolerate sub-lethal Cu.