免疫层析技术及应用的研究进展

免疫层析技术是一类以纳米级标记物探针作为示踪和标记物的检测技术。此类技术除了具有操作简易、反应迅速和时耗较短等特点外,还兼具低成本和高特异性,尤其适用于临场检测。免疫层析技术的发展随着时代需求也在不断加速和更新,现以经典的胶体金免疫层析技术为基础,综述时间分辨与镧系元素荧光免疫层析、荧光微球免疫层析、量子点免疫层析、纳米模拟酶免疫层析及结合新技术的免疫层析的原理、研究进展和临床应用,并对免疫层析技术的未来发展做出展望。     

大中型轴流式潜水电泵开发应用的若干问题探讨

介绍了大中型轴流潜水泵的基本结构、特点。对该型泵的设计、安装、运行等问题进行了讨论，论述了用该型泵替代目前应用的轴流泵具有的各种优越性。     

沙障固沙原理的研究

提出了不以粗糙度而以障内沙面蚀积强度作为沙衡量沙障固沙效能的综合标志，主张通过障埂占位，通过对障埂高度和障梗间距的调节控制风沙流的蚀积机制，在此基础上推导了控蚀公式，并以Ｋ值等于１／１０作为沙障成败优劣的判断标准，对指导治沙实践具有较强的可操作性。     

EFFECTS OF ACEPROMAZINE ON THREE-PHASE 99mTc-MDP BONE IMAGING IN 11 HORSES

Horses undergoing skeletal scintigraphy can have decreased radiopharmaceutical bone uptake in the limbs. This reduces the diagnostic value of the scan. The aim of the present study was to measure the changes in count density caused by vasodilatation and increased blood flow associated with intravenous injection of acepromazine during bone scintigraphy in normal horses. A three-phase bone scan was performed twice in 11 adult horses to study the effects of acepromazine on the count density of the resultant scintigrams. With acepromazine, there was a statistically significant mean difference of 12 s for initial blood flow and 21 s for peak flow. The time to initial blood flow and time to peak flow occurred earlier for the scans in which acepromazine was used. There were no significant differences in the bone to soft tissue ratios during the soft tissue and bone phases of the scan between procedures. Intravenous administration of acepromazine increases peripheral blood flow causing an earlier onset of the vascular phase during the three-phase bone scan. Acepromazine did not increase the count density of the bone phase scintigrams. As expected, the vasodilatation and increased blood flow associated with intravenous injection of acepromazine affected the count density of the vascular phase of the bone scan.     

Neutrophil Phagocytosis Following Inoculation of Salmonella choleraesuis into Swine

Neutrophils are an important mediator of host defence, especially in early stages of infection. A major function of neutrophils is the uptake and killing of invading microbes. Little is known about the effect of neutrophil activity on the pathogenesis and development of the carrier state in swine following infection with Salmonella choleraesuis. A human whole-blood microassay using flow cytometry was modified to measure the effect of S. choleraesuis infection in vivo on the rate of ingestion, or rate of uptake, of homologous bacteria by porcine neutrophils. Pigs were inoculated intranasally with 5–8×10⁸ CFU S. choleraesuis and blood was collected in heparinized tubes at –5, 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days post inoculation (PI). Heat-killed S. choleraesuis were labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and incubated for various times with diluted whole blood. Red blood cells were lysed, external non-phagocytized bacteria were quenched with a commercially available lysing solution, and fluorescence from internalized bacteria labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate was detected by flow cytometry. The rate of uptake by neutrophils did not increase until 2 days PI and then remained elevated to 4 days PI. The minimal uptake of S. choleraesuis early after exposure to these organisms may provide an opportunity for the pathogen to colonize and/or replicate to levels that facilitate establishment of a carrier state or clinical infection in swine.     

Flow cytometric evaluation of canine bone marrow differential cell counts

Abstract: Three flow cytometric techniques were evaluated for determination of differential cell counts on canine clinical bone marrow specimens. Techniques included staining bone marrow specimens with 2'7'-dichlo-rofluorescein (DCF) or 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6) and evaluation of forward-angle light scatter vs. side-angle light scatter plots. Flow cytometric evaluation of bone marrow cells stained with DCF failed to separate bone marrow cells into distinct cell populations. Staining with DiOC6 resulted in separation of bone marrow cells into populations of mature and immature erythroid cells, mature and immature myeloid cells, and lymphocytes. The scatter plot method resulted in identification of mature and immature erythroid cells, immature myeloid cells, metamyelocytes, and bands and segmenters. Lymphocytes could not be differentiated from mature erythroid cells by the scatter plot method. When the results of the DiOC6 method and the scatter plot method were compared with manual bone marrow differential cell counts, the scatter plot method had more similar mean values and higher correlation coefficients. The scatter plot method has the potential of providing rapid semiquantitative assessment of bone marrow differential cell counts in dogs for specimens that contain low numbers of lymphocytes.     

Sap flow in papaya plants: Laboratory calibrations and relationships with gas exchanges under field conditions

In papaya plants a study to quantify the water flow through the trunk is important for to promote a good water management in commercial orchard. The objective was to study the relationship between water flow through the trunk and temperature measurements determined by probes inserted in the papaya plant stem in laboratory. In addition, was possible to study the relationship between sap flow and instantaneous gas exchange in field conditions. We constructed an instrument that maintained a stable water flux through a 0.30 m stem section with a constant pressure, simulating the xylem sap flow through the stem. Water flux was adjusted by varying pressure of water in the stem section. The mathematical model used to fit the relation between K (Granier heat coefficient) values and sap flow density was the exponential model: u = 0.5511 × K^1.9104. Field studies was conducted in a commercial orchard located in North of the State of Rio de Janeiro, with 12 plants in October 2002, and eight plants in January 2003. We verified that instantaneous transpiration, measured by a portable system of gas exchange (porometry), presented a good (R² = 0.75) positive relationship with xylem sap flow. Estimates of papaya sap flow can be obtained by scaling portable photosynthesis system measurements with exposed leaves, however the relationship is non-linear in higher instantaneous transpiration rates. The causes of the non-linear relationship in higher transpiration are discussed. In addition, was possible to obtain a good (R² = 0.76) relationship between net photosynthesis rate and xylem sap flow in papaya field-grown.     

DETECTION OF PORTAL BLOOD FLOW USING PER-RECTAL 99mTc-PERTECHNETATE SCINTIGRAPHY IN NORMAL CATS

This study reports data obtained from per-rectal ^99mTc-pertechnetate portal scintigraphy in normal cats. It examines the effects of chemical restraint and the methods employed in defining regions of interest (ROIs) on the shunt index derived from this data. Six normal cats were used for the study; all six were chemically restrained for imaging using propofol and later four of them were manually restrained for comparison. Portal blood flow was studied and the mean shunt index was found to be 5.9%± 3.9 when ROIs were operator defined and 9.2%± 4.4 when ROIs were defined using an isocontour program. In cats that were restrained using propofol and operator defined ROIs, the mean value for the time between detection of radioactivity in the liver and in the heart was 14 ± 1 seconds.     

梨树干木质部液流速度径向分布特征

采用热脉冲法对梨树树干液流速度径向变化规律进行了系统研究。结果表明：①梨树树干木质部不同深度液流速度在生长旺盛的晴天、阴天和小雨天呈单峰或双峰曲线;而在中到暴雨天、9月底小雨天和即将休眠的10月底晴天,各深度液流速度日变化不规则。②树干同一深度液流速度日峰值、日均值、日变幅在晴天、阴天、小雨和中到暴雨天的比例相同,约为5:4:3:2;不同方向液流速度径向变幅在以上天气的比例为6:4:3:2,而同一深度液流速度最小值在不同天气时差异不大。③梨树树干不同深度白天液流速度和液流速度径向变幅分别在5—7月、8—9月相近,8—9月、10月同一深度液流速度分别是5—7月的50%～60%和33%～50%;5—7月、8—9月和10月液流速度径向变幅比约为5:2:1。液流速度峰值主要出现在形成层至髓0.12～0.29的位置。④晚上液流速度径向季节变化趋势与相应的白天相似,整个生长季晚上液流速度和径向变幅分别为白天的43%±1%和29%±7%。     

树干径向变化对茎液流以及气象因子的响应

应用改进的SF-L型热扩散式树液流测定装置和DC型植物生长测量仪,结合北京2007年6-10月的气象数据,探讨了北京山区油松、侧柏树干茎周长动态因素与液流速率和气象因子之间的相关关系,并运用树木径向变化周期分段法将树木径向生长量从径向变化过程中分离开,结果表明:(1)油松、侧柏茎周长变化与液流速率的关系显著(P<0.01),油松为正相关,侧柏为负相关.(2)空气水汽压亏缺、日温差、空气湿度和日照时数与油松、侧柏茎周长变化关系显著,但在回归拟合过程中侧柏的解释因子只有空气水汽压亏缺和日平均风速,且解释程度比较低(0.356).(3)油松、侧柏茎周长生长量的拟合水平较高,且影响气象因子相同,侧柏的液流速率也成为解释因子之一.水汽压亏缺、空气温湿度、日照时数、土壤水势和风速对树木的生长起到决定性的作用.