Broiler Litter Ash and Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum Effects on Peanut Yield and Uptake of Nutrients

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) requires calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). Flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) and broiler litter ash (BLA) could be used as Ca and P fertilizer for peanuts. A pot study was conducted to determine the effects of BLA and FGDG on peanut yield and nutrient uptake compared to superphosphate (SP). Peanut kernel yields were 13.5 greater with BLA compared to SP. Kernel Ca concentration was 29% and P was 17% lower in in plants grown on the BLA compared to SP. Because of the high Ca content of the amended soil no significant difference was observed when FGDG was added. Micronutrients in kernel fertilized with BLA and FGDG were similar to superphosphate. The small difference in kernel Ca and P and the low levels of metals in the tissue between the BLA and SP demonstrate that BLA could be used as P source for peanuts.     

Chemical and Antioxidant Characteristics of Skin-Derived Collagen Obtained by Acid-Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Bigeye Tuna (Thunnus obesus)

The utilization of bigeye tuna skin as a source of collagen has been increasing the value of these skins. In this study, the quality of the skin was studied first. The skin after 14 h freeze-drying showed a high protein level (65.42% ± 0.06%, db), no histamine and a lack of heavy metals. The collagens were extracted through acid and acid-enzymatic methods. The enzymes used were bromelain, papain, pepsin, and trypsin. The two highest-yield collagens were pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) and bromelain-soluble collagen (BSC). Both were type I collagen, based on SDS-PAGE and FTIR analysis. They dissolved very well in dimethyl sulfoxide and distilled water. The pH ranges were 4.60–4.70 and 4.30–4.40 for PSC and BSC, respectively. PSC and BSC were free from As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, and Pb. They showed antioxidant activities, as determined by the DPPH method and the reducing power method. In conclusion, bigeye tuna skin shows good potential as an alternative source of mammalian collagen. Although further work is still required, PSC and BSC showed the potential to be further used as antioxidant compounds in food applications. Other biological tests of these collagens might also lead to other health applications.     

Stability of Fish Powder Made from Saithe (Pollachius virens) as Measured by Lipid Oxidation and Functional Properties

ABSTRACT

Lipid oxidation and functional properties were monitored in spray dried fish powder made from saithe (Pollachius virens) by-products. The fresh powder exhibited slight antioxidant activity in a model system of linoleic acid emulsion. The freshly made powder had low lipid extract-ability in polar solvents and over 30% free fatty acids (FFA). Further lipid oxidation took place during storage, independent of storage temperatures. Functional properties measured by color changes, water-binding capacity, apparent viscosity and protein solubilty changed more during storage at 30°C than 0°C.     

微生物发酵农副产物特性及其应用研究

我国作为农业大国,农作物的总量居世界首位。生产加工农作物的过程中会产生大量副产物,如米糠、麦麸、秸秆、豆渣、豆粕等。这些农副产物的营养成分丰富,研究价值极高,具有巨大的开发潜力。由于我国农副产物的生产加工技术较为落后,导致农副产物的综合利用低,农副产物的许多营养成分未能得到有效的利用。造成资源浪费、环境污染等现象,甚至农业的可持续发展受到影响。从发酵菌种及效果、发酵方式、发酵农副产物的应用等方面对微生物发酵农副产物的特性进行概述。     

气流干燥设备研究新进展

植物型高水分粉业状物料的干燥，地干燥设备既有外扩散强化的要求，也有内扩散传递条件的要求。简单的单流程气流干燥设备难以完成。文章较为系统地对气流对撞干燥技术和气流干燥功能的扩大作了进一步的介绍。说明采用组合式充干燥设备是能够满足这类制品干燥要求的。     

生物质酸水解副产物对糖液酵母发酵制备燃料乙醇的影响

研究了生物质原料酸水解副产物甲酸、乙酸、糠醛等对耐高温酿酒酵母发酵性能的影响.结果表明:耐高温酿酒酵母可耐受甲酸、乙酸、糠醛的最大质量浓度分别为2.0、5.0、8.0g/L;生物量和甲酸质量浓度(0～3.0 g/L)几乎表现为线性关系,且随甲酸质量浓度增大而下降.3种抑制剂对耐高温酿酒酵母发酵生产燃料乙醇的抑制性由大到...     

Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) by-Products Valorization: Viscera Oil ω-3 Enrichment by Short-Path Distillation and In Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation

This study shows a pilot scale protocol aimed to obtain an omega 3-enriched oil after the processing of farmed gilthead sea bream viscera (SBV); this was oil was tested in vitro for bioactivity, attesting to the possibility to turn waste into profit The quality of the oil, in terms of requirements for animal and human consumption, was assessed by determining some chemical parameters, such as peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ρ-anisidine (ρ-AV) content, total oxidation value (TOTOX), and phospholipids and free fatty acid (%), both in crude viscera oil (CVO) and refined viscera oil (RVO). Among the extraction conditions, the higher CVO yields were obtained at 60 °C for 10 min (57.89%) and at 80 °C for 10 min (67.5%), and the resulting oxidation levels were low when utilizing both extraction conditions. RVO, obtained from CVO extracted at 60 °C, showed the highest quality on the basis of the assessed parameters. The ethyl esters of the total fatty acid (TFA) contents extracted from RVO were enriched in the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid fraction (PUFAE) up to almost 56% via short path distillation (SPD). Antioxidant activities and adipogenic properties were tested in vitro. PUFAE protected 3T3 L1 cells from oxidative stress and exerted an anti-adipogenic effect in Dicentrarchus labrax pre-adipocytes, attesting to the beneficial properties for both farmed fish and human health. These results could stimulate the adoption of solutions aimed to recover and utilize aquaculture by-products at a higher scale, turning “waste into profit” and indicating a strategy to reach more sustainable business models in aquaculture resource utilization according to the principles of the circular economy.     

农机类科研院所科研副产品管理规范研究探索*

针对目前国内农业机械类科研院所科研副产品管理规范研究缺失问题,为制订符合其特点的科研副产品管理规范,减少国有资产损失,在阐述种植业类农业科研副产品管理基础上,分析提出农业机械类科研副产品产生的特点——不以农业种养殖为目标、产生的科研副产品较少、损伤大难以达上市销售要求、较少产生可上市销售的科研整机或零配件等科研副产品、农机产品上市销售需要资质鉴定或认证的主体不是科研单位。并对代表性农机科研单位科研副产品的管理举措进行分析,提出的明确科研副产品管理责任主体和台账登记、处置原则方式和流程、收支管理要求、监督和“红线”等新举措,对国内其它农业机械类科研院所科研副产品管理提升或制订具有一定的借鉴意义。     

黑曲霉液态发酵桔子皮生产果胶酶的研究

以桔子皮为主要原料,对黑曲霉5L发酵罐液态发酵产果胶酶工艺进行研究。优化后的发酵工艺为：初始发酵培养基含桔皮粉1.42%(w/v),补料培养基含桔皮粉8.50%(w/v);装料量3L,通气量200L/h,转速500r/min,温度28℃,维持DO不低于30%,发酵至24h后开始以40mL/h的速度进行补料,补料总量为1L。在此条件下,果胶酶活力最高为263.9U/mL,较摇瓶发酵提高了98.7%。结果表明,可以利用黑曲霉液态发酵桔子皮生产果胶酶,拓展农产品副产物综合利用途径,减少资源浪费及环境污染,增加果胶酶产品供给。     

Biological treatments as a mean to improve feed utilization in agriculture animals-An overview

As a result of agriculture practices, mil ion tons of agriculture are produced as a secondary or by-products;however, with low nutritive values. Many methods are applied to improve the nutritive value ...