A Recessive Lesion Mimic Mutant of Rice with Elevated Resistance to Fungal Pathogens

A gamma-ray-induced rice mutant, M1009, which spontaneously forms brown specks on leaves was isolated. In appearance, these lesions very much resemble those that are produced during the hypersensitive resistance response of rice to pathogens. A similar phenotype has been associated with a number of mutants in maize or Arabidopsis, which have been briefly categorized as disease lesion mimics. Brown speck formation was suppressed at temperatures of 25°C and above, and was severe at 20°C. Light irradiation is also required to initiate brown specks. In addition, the mutant exhibits heightened resistance to two major fungal pathogens of rice, Magnaporthe grisea and Cochliobolus miyabeanus. Genetic characterization of the mutant has indicated that its les-bs (lesion-brown speck) phenotype segregates as a monogenic recessive mutation. Received 13 September 1999/ Accepted in revised form 15 December 1999     

防治烟草赤星病拮抗根际芽孢杆菌的筛选

 从健康烟草根分离到669株根际芽孢杆菌,通过平板对峙培养、代谢产物活性检测,筛选到9株抑制烟草赤星病菌(Alternaria alternata)活性较强的菌株,其菌体及粗代谢产物产生的抑菌圈直径均在10 mm以上;离体防效和田间小区防治试验表明,菌株B6、B75的含菌发酵液和粗代谢产物的离体防效分别为75.6%、76.9%和62.5%、64.7%,小区防效分别为70.3%、75.8%和60.3%、64.4%。粗代谢产物的抑菌作用试验发现,菌株B75的粗代谢产物在一定浓度范围内均能抑制赤星病菌孢子萌发、菌丝生长与产孢。     

Inhibitory effects of seaweeds on histamine release from rat basophile leukemia cells (RBL-2H3)

ABSTRACT:   The effects of 80% methanol extracts from frozen samples of 41 macroalgae and one sea grass collected in the Ise-Shima region of Japan were investigated on histamine release from rat basophile leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) sensitized with antidinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE and stimulated with DNP-BSA. Of the 21 brown algae, five green and 15 red algae, and one sea grass tested, only extracts from seven brown algae suppressed histamine release from RBL cells, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. When the cytotoxic effects of the seven brown algal extracts were investigated by Trypan blue staining, only Eisenia arborea and Sargassum thunbergii did not show cytotoxic effects. Therefore, we conclude that E. arborea and S. thunbergii may contain compounds that have antiallergic effects without inducing cell death.     

秸秆与煤不同配方压块燃料在烤烟中的应用研究

采用密集烘烤方式,以纯秸秆和纯煤为对照,研究秸秆与煤不同配方压块环保燃料烤烟对烘烤过程中满足工艺程度,燃料燃烧情况、燃料成本和原烟经济性状,论证秸秆与煤不同配方压块环保燃料烤烟的可行性。筛选出配方80%秸秆+20%煤混合压块代煤烤烟完全可行。指出秸秆代煤烤烟的重要意义。     

粉煤灰改良砂姜黑土对冬小麦田生态因子的影响

1997年—1999年通过桶栽试验研究了粉煤灰改良砂姜黑土对冬小麦田生态因子的影响。结果表明，粉煤灰施入砂姜黑土降低了土壤的容重、比重及土壤的粘粒含量，增加了土壤的总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和土壤饱和导水率。并分别得出土壤容重、比重、毛管孔隙度和饱和导水率与粉煤灰用量的模拟方程。同时，也对土壤温度、土壤含水量及土壤微生物数量在整个生育时期的变化动态进行了研究。     

高掺量粉煤灰烧结砖的最佳配比

为了全面有效地考虑多种因素对高掺量粉煤灰烧结砖的影响,运用正交试验设计方法对高掺量粉煤灰烧结砖进行了试验。通过对试验结果的系统分析,优选出了具有最佳性能的配比方案,提出了目前适应高掺量粉煤灰烧结砖的生产工艺。     

水稻不同抗性品种对褐稻虱生物学特性的影响

不同抗性水稻品种对褐稻虱生物学特性有明显的影响.试验结果证实:(1)褐稻虱若虫在感性品种上的存活率、发育速度高于抗性品种.(2)褐稻虱成虫在感性品种上的卵巢发育程度、产卵量以及卵孵化率均高于抗性品种.(3)在感性品种上取食的褐稻虱,其分泌的蜜露量较抗性品种的多.(4)抗性品种对褐稻虱的种群增长有明显的抑制作用.本文还对抗性品种在褐稻虱综合防治中的应用问题进行了讨论.     

浸泡法制备富含多肽发芽糙米的工艺优化

以糙米为原料,在单因素试验基础上,利用Box-Behnken响应曲面法确定不同浓度金属离子及生长素对发芽糙米中多肽富集量的工艺研究。结果表明,最佳培养液组分为NaCl 3.61 mmol/L,CaCl_2 21.63 mmol/L,MnSO_41.54 mmol/L,GA_3 41.37μmol/L,在此条件下培养的发芽糙米中多肽质量分数达到8.19 mg/g,分别是对照和原料糙米的2.21(3.72 mg/g)倍和2.57(3.19 mg/g)倍。     

饲粮中糙米替代玉米的比例对饲料制粒性能的影响

为考察糙米替代玉米对饲料制粒性能的影响,按糙米替代比例设计6种饲粮进行饲料制粒参数测定,6种饲粮分别为Ⅰ型(玉米100%)、Ⅱ型(玉米75% 糙米25%)、Ⅲ型(玉米50% 糙米50%)、Ⅳ型(玉米25% 糙米75%)、Ⅴ型(糙米100% 2%植物油)和Ⅵ型(糙米100% 3%植物油).结果表明,饲粮中添加一定比例的糙米来替代玉米,有利于改善饲料制粒性能,饲粮中随糙米添加比例的增加,制粒机的生产率与颗粒饲料的硬度显著提高,水稳定性明显增强,粉化率显著降低,但密度、体积质量无显著影响.适宜的替代比例为75%.     

多功能土壤改良剂对河西内陆灌区棕漠土的改良效果

[目的]解决棕漠土保水肥能力弱,有机质含量低,制种玉米产量低而不稳的疑难问题,为河西内陆灌区制种玉米产业可持续发展提供技术支撑。[方法]选择甘肃省酒泉市肃州区棕漠土,采用田间试验方法,进行多功能土壤改良剂配方筛选及对棕漠土改良效果研究。[结果]多功能土壤改良剂最佳配比为:有机生态肥∶保水剂∶制种玉米专用肥∶聚乙烯醇为0.978 3∶0.000 9∶0.019 6∶0.001 2。多功能土壤改良剂最佳施用量为68.75t/hm~2,制种玉米理论产量为6.64t/hm~2。施用多功能土壤改良剂与传统化肥比较,棕漠土总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、团聚体、饱和持水量、毛管持水量、非毛管持水量分别增加22.75%,22.76%,22.74%,9.50%,22.75%,22.76%和22.74%;有机质、CEC、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾增加35.01%,21.64%,0.63%,2.26%和2.09%;真菌、细菌和放线菌分别增加93.97%,35.35%,20.78%;蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶分别增加61.82%,44.64%,40.00%和64.29%;制种玉米增产值和施肥利润增加39.23%和31.82%。[结论]施用多功能土壤改良剂,能有效地改善棕漠土理化性质和生物学性质,提高制种玉米产量。