黑杨萎蔫枝叶对棉铃虫生殖行为的影响

研究了黑杨(Populus nigra)萎蔫枝叶及其气味对棉铃虫成虫的隐藏部位、产卵部位、交配率及产卵量等的影响，并对黑杨萎蔫枝把在田间诱集到的棉铃虫雌蛾进行了解剖观察。结果表明，在田间，黑杨萎蔫枝把诱集到的棉铃虫93．3％已经交配。在气候箱中，放置黑杨萎蔫枝叶的环境中配对饲养的棉铃虫，经过1个暗期和2个暗期后，其交配率与对照环境中的均无显著差异。在光期开始时，有51．5％的成虫隐藏在饲养笼内所设置的黑杨叶子圆片下，对照纱布圆片下仅有16．7％。叶子圆片所在区域的日平均落卵量显著大于对照区。黑杨萎蔫枝叶及其气味对棉铃虫的产卵前期、产卵持续期、成虫寿命和产下50％的卵所用的时间无显著影响，但饲养笼内有黑杨枝把或黑杨叶片气味存在时，棉铃虫的产卵量比模拟枝把和对照显著提高。     

温度对稻茎毛眼水蝇实验种群增长的影响

试验结果表明:在17～31℃恒温范围内,稻茎毛眼水蝇的发育速率随温度上升呈逻辑斯蒂曲线趋势。幼虫、蛹存活率、成虫产卵量、种群增长指数随温度的上升呈抛物线趋势。卵孵化率在20～31℃范围内无显著差异,均在92％以上。在17℃和35℃时,孵化率下降至86.67％和76.36％。在35℃时,幼虫不能存活,成虫不产卵。     

Response of labile organic C and N pools to plastic film removal from semiarid farmland soil

To examine the effects of plastic film removal on grain yield and soil organic matter (SOM), a spring maize (Zea may L.) field experiment was conducted for 5 yr at Changwu Agricultural and Ecological Experimental Station of Northwest China. Compared with traditional plastic film mulching during entire growing stages (FM), plastic film removal at the silking stage (RM) resulted in a 6.3% higher average maize yield. Under the RM treatment, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen significantly increased after the 5‐yr cultivation in the 0‐ to 20‐cm layer. Significant increases in extractable organic C (EOC), KMnO₄‐oxidizable C (KMnO₄‐C) and C management index (CMI) in the 0‐ to 20‐cm layer, and light fraction organic C and EOC in the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer were observed in response to plastic film removal after the 1‐yr treatment; the responses were more significant after 5 yr. Under the RM treatment, significant increases in microbial biomass C, light fraction organic N, extractable organic N, KMnO₄‐C and CMI were also observed after five years in the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer. Moreover, KMnO₄‐C and EOC were much more sensitive than other labile SOM fractions to the application of RM, even after only 1 yr of cultivation. Therefore, compared with mulching for the whole growing season, plastic film removal at the maize silking stage is an effective option for increasing yields and enhancing SOM concentration and soil sustainability in the regions with semiarid monsoon climates that have sufficient rainfall during maize reproductive stages.     

西吉县农用地膜应用污染现状及对策

本文就西吉县农用地膜的应用现状和污染现状进行了分析,并就这一现状提出了促进旱作农业可持续发展的对策措施。     

Digestive Enzyme Activity during Larval Development of Black Snook,Centropomus nigrescens

Black snook, Centropomus nigrescens, have been identified as a promising candidate for aquaculture although, like many of the Centropomid species, high mortality associated with early larval stages presents a significant bottleneck to their commercialization. The digestive capacity of black snook larvae throughout the first 37 d after hatch (d.a.h.) was evaluated by quantifying digestive enzyme activities using biochemical techniques. Results showed that black snook larvae have alkaline proteases at hatching, which are known to be important during the first days of feeding for digestion. Toward the end of the study, acid proteases concentration increased (37 d.a.h.). Enzymes for lipid digestion, pancreatic lipase and bile salt‐activated lipase, were already present in the larvae before exogenous feeding commenced, and their activity increased with age and growth (length). Intracellular digestion, measured as the activity of leucine‐alanine peptidase, was high early on (5 d.a.h.) and decreased as development progressed (next 32 d). In contrast, alkaline phosphatase activity was lowest at first feeding and subsequently increased with age. Overall patterns in enzyme activity suggest the possibility of live feed weaning before 32 d.a.h. if artificial diets can be properly balanced.     

红树植物—白骨壤黑斑病病原菌的分离与鉴定

<正>红树林是生长在热带、亚热带海岸潮间带,可海陆两栖的特殊木本植物群落,具有防风御浪、净化环境、维护沿海湿地生物多样性等生态功能,为珍稀植物群落。有报道认为红树植物生长在海边又富含抗菌等活性物质,不利于病害发生,但近年来本实验室在广东雷州半岛等地红树林发现有多种病害发生~([1,2]),仅白骨壤(Avicennia marina)上就发现有黑茎病、灰斑病等病害。2014年我们在该区白骨壤小苗     

核桃黑斑病综合防治技术

通过对核桃黑斑病发病侵染规律及原因分析,采取加强水肥土管理,合理修剪,减少密蔽,改善通风透光条件;谨防蛀果害虫;越冬管理;药剂防治的综合措施防治,可有效控制核桃黑斑病的发生危害。     

不同极性色谱柱在滇红香气成分分析中的对比研究

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)对滇红的香气成分进行富集,分别使用两种不同极性的色谱柱进行色谱分离,气质联用(GC-MS)检测分析,比较了非极性色谱柱HP-5MS和极性色谱柱CP-Wax对红茶香气成分分离效果的差异。结果表明,两种不同极性色谱柱对红茶香气成分的分离效果均表现良好,但分析结果存在一定的差异。因此在对红茶中不同的香气成分进行研究分析时,应根据分析目标的不同选择合适的色谱柱。     

丁硫克百威对白背飞虱和南方水稻黑条矮缩病的防治研究

为明确丁硫克百威拌种剂对水稻白背飞虱和南方水稻黑条矮缩病的防治效果及其对天敌的影响,选择不同剂量的35%丁硫克百威种子处理干粉剂进行拌种。结果表明:剂量是30 g/kg种子拌种可有效防治白背飞虱,在播种后32 d、43 d、50d和57 d的防效分别为:90.6%、78.4%、67.9%和61.1%;同时通过防治白背飞虱减少传毒媒介,能有效控制南方水稻黑条矮缩病的危害,防效为76.9%。     

水热电化学法制备LISICON薄膜热力学分析

通过热力学计算分析了水热电化学法制备LISICON薄膜的反应机理，结果表明：在水溶液体系中制备Li-3+.x.V-1.-x.Si-.x.O-4薄膜很困难，制备Li-3V-1-.x.P-.x.O-4薄膜是可行的.碱性水溶液体系中SiO-2与OH-，Li+反应生成Li-4SiO-4，V-2O-5与OH-， Li+反应生成Li-3VO-4， Li-3VO-4与Li-4SiO-4反应生成Li-3+.x.V-1-.x.Si-.x.O-4，其中，生成SiO4--4离子的反应是关键步骤，.a.-OH-≥1.0 mol/L是反应进行的必要条件，.a.-Li+>1.0 mol/L时，SiO4--4与Li+反应生成Li-4SiO-4.碱性水溶液体系中H-2PO--4与OH-，Li+反应生成Li-3PO-4，V-2O-5与OH-，Li+反应生成Li-3VO-4，Li-3VO-4与Li-3PO-4反应生成Li-3V-1-.x.P-.x.O-4..a.-OH->0.15 mol/L时，可生成VO3--4和PO3--4..a.-Li+>0.5 mol/L时，VO3--4和PO3--4分别与Li+反应生成Li-3VO-4和Li-3PO-4.