苦瓜皂甙降血糖功能的研究概况

苦瓜果实富含皂甙、多肽和活性蛋白等多种功效成分,现代药理研究证明,苦瓜皂甙具有降血糖、降血脂、抗癌、抗艾滋病、抑菌、抗氧化和增强免疫等功效。通过对苦瓜皂甙的开发,不仅为苦瓜产品的开发提供新的途径,也为人们的合理膳食提供素材。     

苦菜粗多糖的制备及其抗氧化活性的研究

以苦菜为原料,采用水浸提法制备苦菜粗多糖.结果表明,苦菜粗多糖的制备工艺为物料颗粒大小160目,料液比1∶15 (g∶ mL),于100℃条件下浸提7.5 h,所得苦菜粗多糖提取率为2.74％.以VC和茶多酚作为阳性对照,结果表明苦菜粗多糖具有较强的抗氧化能力.     

Genetic control of irregular striping, a new phenotype in Cucurbita pepo

Longitudinal striping of the fruit exterioris a common trait in Cucurbita pepo(pumpkin, squash, gourd). Striping occursas ten pairs of alternating dark and lightstripes that are regularly situated inaccordance with the ten sub-epidermalcarpellary vein tracts. Usually, the darkstripes occur in the central areas betweenthe vein tracts, with the light stripesoccupying the remainder of the fruitsurface. A new phenotype is described inwhich dark spots or streaks occur in thecentral areas between the vein tracts;these are usually accompanied by darkstreaks or stripes that occur adjacent toand over part or all of the length of someor all of the ten carpellary vein tracts. The inheritance of this irregular stripingpattern was studied by crossing anaccession that bred true for this phenotypewith a near-isogenic line havinglight-colored fruits. The resultsindicated that irregular striping isdominant to light coloration and isconferred by a single gene. Testcrossesfor allelism with regular striping wereprepared by crossing the irregularlystriped accession with near-isogenic lineshaving broad stripes, l-1 ^BSt/l-1 ^BSt, and narrowstripes, l-1 ^St/l-1 ^St. The testcross results revealed thatirregular striping is conferred by anallele at the l-1 locus, designatedl-1 ^iSt. The l-1 ^iStallele is dominant to light-colored (l-1), recessive to dark-colored (L-1), and can be co-dominant or recessiveto broad-striped (l-1 ^BSt) andnarrow-striped (l-1 ^St),depending on whether or not it is fullyexpressed. Dominance relationships at thel-1 locus can, therefore, berepresented as L-1 > (l-1 ^BSt > l-1 ^St) l-1 ^iSt > l-1.     

丝瓜伤流液对采后榆黄蘑呼吸及贮藏品质的影响研究

试验研究丝瓜伤流液对榆黄蘑的保鲜效果结果表明 ,用丝瓜伤流液作保鲜剂明显抑制榆黄蘑呼吸分解代谢 ,有效减缓菌盖开裂、褐变和失水。且有棱丝瓜伤流液保鲜效果优于无棱丝瓜伤流液 ,以 75 %有棱丝瓜伤流液保鲜效果最佳     

Silicon nutrition of tomato and bitter gourd with special emphasis on silicon distribution in root fractions

Two plant species, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), were used for in‐depth studies on the dynamics of silicon (Si) uptake and translocation to the shoots and compartmentation of Si in the roots. The experiments were conducted under controlled environmental conditions in nutrient solutions, which were partly amended with 1 mM Si in the form of silicic acid. At harvest, xylem exudates were collected, and Si concentrations and biomass of roots and shoots were determined. Mass flow of Si was calculated based on the Si concentration of the nutrient solution and transpiration determined in a parallel experiment. Plant roots were subjected to a fractionated Si analysis, allowing attributing Si to different root compartments. Silicon concentrations in the roots compared to the shoots were higher in tomato but lower in bitter gourd. A more ready translocation from the roots to the shoots in bitter gourd was in agreement with Si concentrations in the xylem exudates which were higher than in the external solution. In tomato, the xylem‐sap Si concentration was lower than in the nutrient solution. Calculated Si mass flow to the root exceeded Si uptake in tomato, which was consistent with the measured accumulation of Si in the root water‐free space (WFS). In contrast, Si concentration in the root WFS was lower than in the nutrient solution in bitter gourd, reflecting the calculated Si depletion at the root surface based on the comparison of Si mass flow and Si uptake. Within the roots, more than 80% of the total Si was located in the cell wall and less than 10% in the cytoplasmic fractions in tomato. In bitter gourd, between 60% and 70% of the total root Si was attributed to the cell‐wall fraction whereas the proportion of the cytoplasmic fraction reached more than 30%. Our results clearly confirm that tomato belongs to the Si excluders and bitter gourd to the Si‐accumulator plant species for which high Si concentrations in the cytoplasmic root fraction appear to be characteristic.     

西瓜和甜瓜的SSR引物对三种瓜类作物的通用性分析

利用西瓜的1 824对SSR引物和甜瓜的259对SSR引物,对丝瓜、冬瓜和苦瓜的DNA进行了PCR扩增,分析了西瓜和甜瓜SSR引物对三种瓜类作物扩增的通用性以及三种瓜类作物中不同类型之间的多态性.结果表明,西瓜和甜瓜SSR引物对丝瓜、冬瓜和苦瓜的DNA扩增通用性分别是15.31％、23.04％和14.74％.但是,在三...     

早熟苦瓜新品种“赣优1号”、“赣优2号”的选育

赣优1号、赣优2号是分别以强雌系Q11-2、Q9-4为母本配制成的早熟杂交苦瓜新品种。赣优1号商品果绿白色,棒形,果长35cm,横径6cm,肉厚1.0cm,单果重400g,特早熟,春季栽培从定植至初收40d,每公顷产量37500kg。赣优2号商品果绿色,棒形,果长30cm,横径7cm,肉厚1.2cm,单果重500g,早熟,春、秋季均可栽培,春植从定植至初收45d,秋植从播种至初收45d,每公顷产量45000kg。     

苦瓜强雌系“Q_(11-2)”的选育及利用研究初报

对1个长白苦瓜材料的变异单株进行连续4代自交分离,定向选择,获得苦瓜强雌系"Q11-2",其雌花率在96%以上且雌性稳定,综合性状优良。以其作母本配制的杂种一代的早期产量和总产量大大提高,杂种优势明显。是选育早熟丰产苦瓜新品种的重要育种材料。     

黄皮葫芦果实贮藏保鲜试验

对黄皮葫芦果实进行了4种温度处理,7种保鲜剂处理的贮藏试验,结果表明:黄皮葫芦果实对低温敏感,低于8 ℃会发生冷害。温度越低,冷害越严重,主要冷害症状为瓜皮黄色消褪、进而褐变或黑变。0 ℃、6 ℃下单果包装黄皮葫芦果实的安全贮藏期为3 d,7～8℃下为6 d。保鲜剂能显著提高黄皮葫芦果实的鲜度,且能显著抑制瓜把的腐烂或延迟瓜把腐烂期的到来,较CK的贮藏期分别延长9 d和18 d。     

早熟苦瓜新品种衡杂苦瓜1号的选育

衡杂苦瓜１号是以Ｂ０８为母本，Ｂ０２为父本育成的早熟苦瓜一代杂种，表现早熟、丰产、抗逆性强、品质优等优良特性。露地早熟栽培或春季保护地栽培，从定植到始收４３ｄ左右，夏秋栽培定植到始收４０ｄ左右，一般产量５２５００￣８２５００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，前期产量、总产量、品质性状显著优于衡阳早熟苦瓜和蓝山苦瓜。