浙江省桑树青枯病菌生理小种及生化型的测定

从浙江临安、桐庐发生青枯病的桑树的根、茎部分经分离纯化得217个桑树青枯病菌分离物,从217个分离物菌株中选择16个典型菌株进行研究,经离体水培接种试验,表明这些分离物均引起桑枝"凋萎"症状,其形态、大小、染色反应、培养性状与对照番茄青枯菌相近,但生长速度较慢。参照Haywind的标准,这些菌株均为雷尔氏菌的生理小种1,75%为青枯菌的生化型Ⅴ,25%为青枯菌的生化型Ⅲ。     

Discovery of an atypical strain ofBurkholderia solanacearum affecting potatoes in India

Summary An atypical strain ofBurkholderia solanacearum was isolated from potato. Characters examined were colony shape, size, colouration, pathogenicity to susceptible hosts, vascular discolouration and biovar features. In contrast to normal white-coloured colonies, this atypical strain produced cream coloured, fluidal colonies on tetrazolium chloride medium. It did not cause disease symptoms in eggplant, datura and pepper but was slightly to highly pathogenic on tomato and potato respectively but caused no discolouration of vascular tissues. This atypical strain from potato also differed from established biovars in its ability to produce acid only from mannitol and maltose, a combination which has not been previously reported. This is believed to be the first report of the presence of an atypical strain ofB. solanacearum from India.     

Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of Pasteurella multocida isolated from pigs at slaughter in New Zealand

AIMS: To examine pigs at slaughter in New Zealand for the presence of Pasteurella multocida, and to determine for isolates, their biochemical profiles, somatic and capsular types, and the presence or absence of the HSB and toxA genes, associated with haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) and progressive atrophic rhinitis (PAR), respectively.

METHODS: Swabs from 173 lungs, 158 palatine tonsils and 82 nasal passages of pigs at two abattoirs in New Zealand were cultured for P. multocida using conventional techniques, and isolated colonies were subjected to biochemical tests for identification of biovars. Somatic serotyping was conducted using an agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to confirm phenotypic identification of colonies using species-specific primers, capsule type using serogroup-specific primers and multiplex PCR, and to test for the presence of HSB and toxA genes.

RESULTS: Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 11/173 (6.4%) lung, 32/158 (20.2%) palatine tonsil and 5/82 (6.1 %) nasal swab samples, a total of 48 isolates from 413 samples (11.6%). Isolation rates per farm ranged from 1–53% of tissue samples collected from pigs 5–6 months of age. On phenotypic characterisation, isolates were allocated to seven main biovars, viz 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 12, and a dulcitol-negative variant of Biovar 8, the majority (30/48) being Biovar 3. Of the 42 isolates for which somatic serotyping was conducted, 10% were Serovar 1, 79% were Serovar 3, 2% were Serovar 6,1, 2% were Serovar 12, and 7% could not be typed. All 48 isolates were confirned as P. multocida using a species-specific PCR. In the capsular multiplex PCR, 92% of isolates were Capsular (Cap) type A, 2% were Cap D, and 6% could not be typed. None of the samples were positive for the HSB or toxA genes.

CONCLUSION: Serovars or capsular types of P. multocida associated with HS or PAR in pigs were not detected. Establishment of species-specific, capsular and toxin PCR assays allowed the rapid screening of isolates of P. multocida, while serotyping provided an additional tool for epidemiological and tracing purposes.     

Multiplex PCR for the identification of Agrobacterium biovar 3 strains

A biovar 3-specific primer set Ab3-F3/Ab3-R4 was designed based on the comparison of sequences of the 16S rDNA region of agrobacteria and related rhizobia for rapid identification of Agrobacterium biovar 3 strains. A 570-bp 16S rDNA fragment was amplified from cell lysates of Agrobacterium biovar 3 strains by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Ab3-F3/Ab3-R4 primers. Discrimination of Agrobacterium tumefaciens biovar 3 from Agrobacterium radiobacter biovar 3 and of Agrobacterium biovar 3 strains from other Agrobacterium strains was done simultaneously using multiplex PCR with a mixture of two primer sets (Ab3-F3/Ab3-R4 and VCF3/VCR3) previously designed for the virC region of Ti-plasmid and Ri-plasmid.     

Taxonomic Position of the Causal Pathogen of Bacterial Shoot Blight of Pear

Bacteriological properties and DNA-DNA homology values were compared among the pathogen causing bacterial shoot blight of pear (BSBP) isolated in 1994–1996, Erwinia amylovora isolated outside of Japan, and other Amylovora group bacteria. Bacteriological properties of BSBP strains were identical to those of E. amylovora in the majority of tests, but differed distinctively in several tests, including hydrolysis of esculin and acid production from salicin, etc. BSBP strains differed from the others in the Amylovora group in many other tests. DNA homology among the strains of BSBP ranged from 85 to 103% and from 83 to 110% among strains of E. amylovora. In contrast, the values between BSBP strains and E. amylovora strains were 55 to 81%, while those between BSBP strains and other Amylovora group strains were 42% or less. We consider, therefore, that the BSBP pathogen may well be included in E. amylovora at the species level. E. amylovora, including BSBP strains, however, can be classified into four biovars based on differences in nine tests such as growth factor requirements and crater formation on high sucrose medium. Namely, there are two biovars from Maloideae sources, one from Rubus idaeus, and one from the source of BSBP in Hokkaido. The presence of these biovars suggests a correlation with geographical, serological, and pathogenic differentiations in the species of E. amylovora. The BSBP pathogen in Hokkaido was identified as E. amylovora bv. 4 which is distinct from E. amylovora bv. 1, 2 and 3 isolated in countries outside of Japan. Received 29 July 1999/ Accepted in revised form 12 October 1999     

丁溃疡病的病原菌分离、鉴定与人工感染试验

采用细菌常规分离方法分离丁溃疡病病原,并对所获得的纯培养物进行VITEK-32鉴定和人工感染试验,结果显示:维罗纳气单胞菌温和其变种是丁溃疡病的主要病原菌。     

泰安樱桃根癌病致病菌分离及生物型鉴定

由致病性土壤杆菌侵染引起的根癌病严重影响了樱桃树的生长?利用选择性培养基, 以阿糖醇和赤藓糖醇作为不同碳源, 从山东泰安食用樱桃根部瘤状组织和感病根际土壤中分离到土壤杆菌100余株, 通过胡萝卜切片法和番茄茎部针刺接种法从中筛选到31株有致瘤活性的菌株?经16S rDNA和recA基因序列分析, 结合生物型检测鉴定出96%以上的致病菌属原生物Ⅱ型(Agrobacterium rhizogenes), 只有1株致病菌为原生物Ⅰ型(A. tumefaciens)?根据Ti质粒上致病相关基因保守序列设计3对引物, 12株有致瘤活性菌株中11株PCR扩增到目的条带?经分子生物学测定和高压纸电泳检测, 所有致病菌株的质粒均为胭脂碱型?建立了致病型土壤杆菌的分子生物学快速鉴定方法, 为定向选择生防菌株提供基础?     

Pathogenic and genetic variability of Ralstonia solanacearum strains from the Philippines

In the Philippines, bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important diseases affecting vegetables and banana. In this study, 89 strains of R. solanacearum isolated from various hosts were screened for their biovar, phylotype, pathogenicity, and genetic diversity. Foreign strains were included for comparison with these Philippine strains. Results of the biochemical and multiplex-PCR tests divided the Philippine strains into five biovars (1, 2, 3, 4, and N2) and three phylotypes (I, II, and IV). Three potato strains belonged to biovar N2/phylotype IV. Pathogenicity tests divided the strains into five pathogenicity types based on their virulence in tomato, potato, eggplant, sweet pepper, and tobacco. Strains classified as biovar N2 were weakly pathogenic to potato (pathogenicity type III) and almost all strains isolated from banana were not pathogenic to the test plants except potato (pathogenicity type V). The results of AFLP analysis divided the strains into four clusters. Cluster 1 was composed of strains isolated from solanaceous crops, ginger (Zingiber officinale), and Morus sp. from the Philippines and other Asian countries. Cluster 2 grouped the potato strains (biovar N2) from the Philippines and Japan and blood disease bacterium strains from Indonesia. Cluster 3 contained the local and foreign strains isolated from potato (biovar 2) and banana (biovar 1). Cluster 4 consisted only of the tomato strain from the USA.