[1]生物有机肥配合化肥施用对甜玉米的影响

To study the effects of chemical fertilizer substitution with biologicalorganicfertilizer on yield of Sweet corn,field test method was used,four treatments were set up,including CK(no fertilizer),treatment 1(100% chemical fertilizer), treatment 2 (50% biological organic fertilizer and 50% chemical fertilizer) and treatment 3(100%biological organic fertilizer). The results showed that the average yield of treatment 2 was 12944.4 kg / hm2,which was 12.6% higher than that of treatment 3 and 107.4% higher than that of CK; there was no significant difference in agronomic traits and yield components between treatment 2 and treatment 1,and the yield was similar. The best agronomic index and the highest yield was treatment2,it provides some reference for the development and utilization of agricultural wastes such as livestock manure and the application of biological organic fertilizer in production for the region.     

Malabaricane and Isomalabaricane Triterpenoids,Including Their Glycoconjugated Forms

In this review, we discuss structural diversity, taxonomic distribution, biological activities, biogenesis, and synthesis of a rare group of terpenoids, the so-called malabaricane and isomalabaricane triterpenoids, as well as some compounds derived from them. Representatives of these groups were found in some higher and lower terrestrial plants, as well as in some fungi, and in a relatively small group of marine sponges. The skeletal systems of malabaricanes and isomalabaricanes are similar to each other, but differ principally in the stereochemistry of their tricyclic core fragments, consisting of two six-membered and one five-membered rings. Evolution of these triterpenoids provides variety of rearranged, oxidized, and glycoconjugated products. These natural compounds have attracted a lot of attention for their biosynthetic origin and biological activity, especially for their extremely high cytotoxicity against tumor cells as well as promising neuroprotective properties in nanomolar concentrations.     

青蒿素及其衍生物在动物生产中的应用研究

青蒿素是一种倍半萜内酯类化合物,其特殊的过氧基团结构使其具有抗疟疾、抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗寄生虫、免疫调节、缓解热应激、促进生长等作用.青蒿素及其衍生物应用于动物生产中可以替代抗生素,具有广阔的应用前景.文章对青蒿素及其衍生物的生理功能、主要提取方式及在动物生产中的应用进行论述.     

硒多糖的来源、提取及其生物学功能研究进展

硒多糖是硒与多糖结合在一起的有机硒化合物,是一种新型的硒源,具有清除自由基、保护神经活性、增强免疫力、抗肿瘤、抗炎等多种功能。硒多糖具有特殊的化学结构——硒氧键（O=Se=O）,有别于普通多糖,其能够发挥硒和多糖的双重功效,活性远高于硒或多糖。本文就硒多糖的来源、提取、分离纯化及生物学功能等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为未来畜牧业新型饲料添加剂的开发、应用和推广提供理论依据。[关键词] 硒多糖|来源|提取|生物学功能     

马乳脂肪球膜蛋白组鉴定及潜在功能分析

试验旨在研究马乳脂肪球膜（milk fat globule membrane,MFGM）蛋白组成及潜在的生物学功能。选取12匹5岁左右、平均体重为450~500 kg的健康纯血母马作为试验动物,主要饲喂干牧草,所有马匹饲养和管理条件均相同。将12份样品以每组4份进行混合,分离提取产后第60天马乳中MFGM蛋白,进行高分辨质谱仪鉴定和生物信息学分析。结果显示,马MFGM组分中共鉴定出310种表达蛋白,这些蛋白主要参与的生物过程为生物调节、刺激应答、定位、多细胞生物过程、运输、信号、细胞通讯、发育过程、细胞分化和免疫系统过程等;细胞成分主要为胞外区域、膜、囊泡、核仁和线粒体等;分子功能主要为催化活性、蛋白质结合、碳水化合物衍生物结合和小分子结合等。KEGG通路分析表明,MFGM蛋白主要参与血小板活化通路、内吞、脂肪酸生物合成和Ras信号通路等。马乳MFGM蛋白的蛋白质互作网络分析图中共包含215种蛋白质。本研究结果揭示了马乳MFGM蛋白质组的复杂性,为解析其营养和生物学功能提供了科学数据。     

兔胚胎的一些与分离胚胎干细胞有关的生物学特征

为获得具有发育全能性的胚胎干细胞（ＥＳ细胞）,对３日龄、３．５日龄和４日龄家兔胚胎的形态结构和免疫组化特征进行了观察。家兔胚胎的外围,不仅有透明带,还包有一层很厚的胶膜。３日龄兔胚为桑椹胚;３．５日龄胚胎已出现囊胚腔,囊胚腔较小,扩增内细胞团（ＩＣＭ）占据囊腔的１／２～２／３;４日龄为囊胚,囊腔扩大,ＩＣＭ与囊胚腔的体积比值缩小。桑椹胚的卵裂球和３．５日龄、４日龄胚胎的ＩＣＭ,以碱性磷酸酶染色和胚胎阶段特异性细胞表面抗原－１（ＳＳＥＡ－１）免疫荧光标记均呈强阳性,说明它们是由未分化的细胞构成。因此,从保证全能性的角度考虑,３日龄、３．５日龄和４日龄的家兔胚胎,均可用于ＥＳ细胞的分离。     

多不饱和脂肪酸的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用

多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)是一种重要的营养物质,是细胞膜磷脂的重要组成成分,在生物系统中具有广泛的生物学功能,能够调节机体的脂类代谢、免疫,具有抗癌、预防和治疗心血管疾病、促进机体生长发育以及调控基因的表达等功能。本文就多不饱和脂肪酸的来源及生物学功能进行阐述,并浅谈了多不饱和脂肪酸在动物生产中的应用现状及前景。     

Amplification,Sequence Analysis and Tissue Expression Detection of FUT2 Gene Coding Regions of Dongchuan Pigs

Porcine alpha (1,2) fucosyltransferase (FUT2) gene was importance in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-globo series, potentially played a regulatory role during Escherichia coli (E. coli) F18 infection process in weaned piglets. In order to explore sequence structure of porcine FUT2 gene and its biological function, this test amplified FUT2 gene CDS sequence of Dongchuan pigs by PCR, forecasted and analyzed the protein sequences and functional regions of FUT2 gene, its expression level was detected in 11 tissues of 8 Dongchuan weaned piglets in 35 days old at the meantime. The results showed that the CDS sequence of FUT2 gene was 1 023 bp, which encoded 340 amino acids. FUT2 protein was fat-soluble hydrophilic protein, which the structure was not stable, including a transmembrane helix structure, but without signal peptide that suggested the FUT2 protein was a membrane protein;FUT2 protein included 2 N-glycosylation sites (No. 185 and No. 305 amino acids), without O-glycosylation sites, there were 14 potential phosphorylation sites, included 6 Ser, 2 Thr and 6 Tyr, analyzing the functional regions found that the FUT2 protein had a superfamily of conserved domains:FUT1-FUT2-like (58-319 amino acids). The phylogenetic tree result showed that the relative relationship between swine and cattle was relatively close, but was distant from chimpanzee, human, mouse and rat. FUT2 gene was expressed in all 11 tissues of Dongchuan weaned piglets, there were higher expression in digestive tract and immune tissues. The present results suggested that FUT2 gene might play a role to resistance to E. coli F18 in weaned piglets, and might indirectly against E. coli F18 through the synthesis of fucosyltransferase.     

动物DGAT基因的研究进展

DGAT基因包括二酰基甘油酰基转移酶1（DGAT1）基因和二酰基甘油酰基转移酶2（DGAT2）基因,前者属于酰基辅酶A胆固醇酰基转移酶（ACAT）基因家族,后者属于单酰甘油酰基转移酶（MGAT）基因家族,分别编码微粒体酶DGAT1和DGAT2,这两种酶控制着甘油三酯的合成,均是定位于内质网的跨膜蛋白,其膜拓扑结构具有与其他蛋白质和细胞器相互作用的能力,影响脂肪代谢及脂类在组织中的沉积,参与调节动物机体的能量合成和分解代谢,影响心脏和肝脏中甘油三酯的代谢;同时DGAT基因的多态性影响着牛乳中脂肪的含量及泌乳量。因此,了解DGAT基因的结构和生物学功能对畜禽生长发育和生产等相关研究具有重要的意义。文章简述了DGAT基因的基本结构和生物学功能及相关的作用机制,分析了其在畜牧生产中的基础应用,如参与哺乳动物生产调控的脂肪沉积、乳脂含量等方面的研究进展。     

关于生物类课程实施创新教育的几点思考

对如何在生物教学中培养学生的创新能力进行了综合的论述,并就教学活动中利于培养学生创新意识和创新能力的4个环节进行了逐一说明,指出了创新教育的必要性,以期为生物类课程教育提供借鉴和参考。