三种赤眼蜂对不同密度大豆食心虫卵的寄生反应及其自身密度的干扰效应

为评估赤眼蜂对大豆食心虫的生物防治潜能,采用室内接虫法和数学模型拟合法分别研究了黏虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma leucaniae、玉米螟赤眼蜂T.ostriniae和螟黄赤眼蜂T.chilonis对自然寄主大豆食心虫Leguminivora glycinivorella卵的寄生反应及其自身密度对寄主防控效果的影响。结果表明,3种赤眼蜂寄生大豆食心虫卵的数量均表现出随寄主密度的增大而增加的趋势,除寄主密度20粒卵外,3种赤眼蜂在其它寄主密度下的寄生数量均无显著差异。自身密度对3种赤眼蜂寄生作用均存在明显的干扰效应,表现出寻找效应随自身密度增加而降低的趋势,Hassell模型和Beddington模型均能较好地拟合赤眼蜂的寻找效应与其自身密度的关系,黏虫赤眼蜂、玉米螟赤眼蜂和螟黄赤眼蜂的寻找系数Q和攻击率a分别为0.3289、0.3270、0.2906和0.3267、0.3243、0.2853。在自身密度干扰作用下,3种赤眼蜂中,黏虫赤眼蜂对大豆食心虫表现出较好的防控潜能。     

Problems of implementing compulsory integrated pest management

Compulsory integrated pest management poses a number of challenges and issues for debate. Some of are discussed with reference to European Union requirements set out in Annex III of Directive 128/2009. Requirements on the use of plant protection products bring with them problems with dose reduction in the light of a resistance prevention strategy, the lack of threshold levels, the necessity of chemical treatments and the limited availability of effective products of biological origin. Use of preventive measures of pest control faces barriers related to profitability and a lack of knowledge on the part of farmers. Challenges to control the system, as well as the fact that some legally enforced rules are not suitable for all crops, seem also to be an issue. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

进境荷兰郁金香种苗中南芥菜花叶病毒的鉴定

为了防止南芥菜花叶病毒(Arabis mosaic virus,ArMV)传入我国,采用血清学、分子生物学、电镜观察及生物学接种等方法对从荷兰进口的郁金香种苗进行了ArMV检测。结果表明:ArMV血清学反应为强阳性;RT-PCR反应扩增出370bp的特异性目标条带;RT-PCR产物与已报道的3个ArMV部分外壳蛋白基因的核苷酸序列同源性为91.00%～93.24%,氨基酸序列同源性为99%～100%;免疫电镜观察到叶片病汁液中含有直径约30nm的球状病毒粒体;该病毒在黄花烟、白肋烟、矮牵牛和昆诺藜等鉴别寄主上引起坏死和褪绿等典型症状,经DAS-ELISA检测,这些接种寄主均呈ArMV血清学阳性反应。故将该病毒鉴定为南芥菜花叶病毒。     

Influence of Tangshen formula on endothelial function and hemorheology in diabetic nephropathy rats

ATM: To explore the influence of Tangshen formula (TS) on endothelial function and blood rheology in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats. METHODS: The DN rat model was established by intravenous injection of low-dose (30 mg/kg) streptozotocin (STZ) after having the high-fat/high-glucose diets for one month. The animals were divi-ded into DN model group, TS group and valsartan group. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum total cholesterol (TC), serum triglyceride (TG), renal cortex blood flow and hemorheology were monitored. The content of von Willebrand's factor (vWF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the serum was determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with normal group, FBG,TC,TG, vWF and PAI-1 were increased in DN model group (P<0.05), and no significant difference of FBG was observed. Compared with normal group, plasma viscosity, Casson viscosity, whole blood high/medium/low-shear viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index, erythrocyte rigidity index and erythrocyte electrophoresis time were increased, and erythrocyte deformation index was decreased in DN model group (P<0.01). Compared with DN model group, plasma viscosity, Casson viscosity, whole blood high/medium/low-shear viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index, erythrocyte rigidity index and erythrocyte electrophoresis time were decreased (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference for erythrocyte deformation index in TS group. Compared with normal group, the renal cortex microcirculation blood flow in DN model group was significantly decreased. Compared with DN model group, the renal cortex microcirculation blood flow was significantly increased in TS group (P<0.05), and no significant change in valsartan group was found.CONCLUSION: Tangshen formula plays a protective role in the kidney of diabetic rats by improving the blood rheology and endothelial function, thus ameliorating the renal cortex microcirculation blood flow in experimental diabetic rats.     

警惕危险性害虫草地贪夜蛾入侵中国

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(Smith)是一种原产于美洲的重要的毁灭性农业害虫,目前已经入侵到撒哈拉以南非洲地区及亚洲的印度,对我国构成入侵威胁。本文综述了草地贪夜蛾的生物学特征、为害、分布区域及入侵性、形态及分子鉴定方法,以及防治措施,并对其入侵中国的风险进行了预测分析,同时提出应对策略。     

丹参药渣栽培糙皮侧耳和毛头鬼伞

采用不同比例丹参(Salviae miltiorrhiza)药渣替代玉米芯对糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)、毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)供试菌株进行栽培实验.经栽培收获两茬子实体,分别对不同配方两个菌种的菌丝长速、单位料重产量、生物学效率等指标进行统计分析.结果表明:在单位料重产量及生物学效率表现上,随培养料中所含丹参药渣比例增加而增加;在菌丝长速表现上则相反.经丹参药渣、玉米芯的碳氮比分析(28.5∶1;88.1∶1)得知,栽培料中随药渣含量的增加氮素含量相应提高(碳氮比55.27∶1～27.44∶1,氮含量为0.76％～2.43％),成为两个菌种产量增加的主要原因.     

金针菇单核体DAN3和M与其杂交双核体G1菌丝阶段基因表达差异的转录组初步分析

以金针菇(Flammulinavelutipes)单核菌株DAN3的基因组为参考,完成单核体DAN3和M及其杂交双核体G1在菌丝阶段的转录组测序与数据分析,比较两个样本间的差异基因,并对差异基因进行GO功能分析和KEGG pathway分析.结果表明:两个样本中共有显著性差异表达的基因86个,其中,在G1中呈上调、下调表达的基因数分别为41、45个,有2个基因在G1中特异表达.GO功能分析结果表明,86个差异基因中有40个基因比对上了GO功能注释,其中18个基因在G1中呈上调表达;单一生物过程和催化活性为显著性富集的功能,相关基因在G1中呈上调表达.KEGG pathway分析结果表明,22个差异基因被定位到17条Pathway,其中10个基因在G1中呈上调表达,包括赖氨酸代谢途径对应基因,3_M和G1菌丝样品中赖氨酸含量分别为1.70×103 ng/mg和1.06×103 ng/mg,说明G1中上调的基因可能与之降解相关;DNA复制是显著性富集的代谢途径,相关基因在G1中呈下调表达.     

应用性诱剂防治甘蔗螟虫

对甘蔗螟虫的为害特点和防治现状以及性诱剂的特点和应用现状进行了概述。为了有效防治甘蔗螟虫,利用性诱剂进行预测预报,指导适时防治具有重要意义。     

昆虫的行为节律

本文主要阐述了昆虫中几种常见的行为节律和一些相关研究的进展情况,论述了各行为节律的作用机制及影响因素,有助于掌握昆虫种群的活动规律,为害虫防治提供重要依据。     

中国华北地区瓜类尖孢镰刀菌对咪鲜胺的敏感性及抗药突变株生物学性状研究

为明确中国华北地区瓜类尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum Schl.对咪鲜胺的抗药性现状及抗药突变株的生物学性状,采用菌丝生长速率法,分别测定了采自北京、山东、河北等地未使用过咪鲜胺的112株瓜类尖孢镰刀菌对咪鲜胺的敏感性,并通过药剂驯化的方法获得尖孢镰刀菌抗咪鲜胺突变株。结果表明:咪鲜胺对112株瓜类尖孢镰刀菌的平均EC50值为（0.030 1±0.030 4）μg/mL,菌株频率呈连续单峰曲线分布,未发现敏感性明显下降的亚群体,因此,可将该EC50值作为瓜类尖孢镰刀菌对咪鲜胺的敏感基线。药剂驯化共获得7株抗咪鲜胺突变株,其抗性倍数介于6.2~26.8之间;突变株在菌丝生长速率、菌丝干重和致病力等方面均明显低于亲本菌株,差异显著;仅突变株HG13052701-R1的抗药性可以稳定遗传,其他6株抗咪鲜胺突变株的抗药性均不能稳定遗传。室内交互抗性测定结果表明,咪鲜胺仅与戊唑醇之间有交互抗性,与多菌灵和齅霉灵之间均无交互抗性关系。研究表明,瓜类尖孢镰刀菌在药剂选择压下可以形成抗咪鲜胺群体,具有低等抗药性风险。