Selection for ovulation rate in rabbits

An experiment of selection for ovulation rate was carried out. Animals were derived from a synthetic line first selected 12 generations for litter size, then 10 generations for uterine capacity. Selection was relaxed for 6 generations. Selection was based on the phenotypic value of ovulation rate with a selection pressure on does of 30%. Males were selected from litters of does with the highest ovulation rate. Males were selected within sire families in order to reduce inbreeding. Ovulation rate was measured in the second gestation by a laparoscopy, 12 days after mating. Each generation had about 80 females and 20 males. Results of three generations of selection were analyzed using Bayesian methods. Marginal posterior distributions of all unknowns were estimated by Gibbs sampling. Heritabilities of ovulation rate (OR), number of implanted embryos (IE), litter size (LS), embryo survival (ES), fetal survival (FS), and prenatal survival (PS) were 0.44, 0.32, 0.11, 0.26, 0.35, and 0.14, respectively. Genetic correlation between OR and LS was 0.56, indicating that selection for ovulation rate can augment litter size. Response to selection for OR was 1.80 ova. Correlated responses in IE and LS were 1.44 and 0.49, respectively. Selection for ovulation rate may be an alternative to improve litter size.     

Reproductive and productivity traits of goats grazing Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. with and without daily PEG supplementation

A grazing experiment, conducted for 90 days compared the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) supplementation on postpartum reproductive traits and productivity of suckling goats grazing Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. A total of 54 native adult goats (34.4 ± 5.49 kg) were randomly allocated, 24 h after kidding, to 2 treatment groups balanced for age and the number of reared kids. Goats in both treatment groups designed C and PEG grazed in acacia for approximately 5 h every day and received each on daily basis 0.3 and 0.4 kg of hay and concentrate respectively. In addition, goats in treatment PEG were initially supplemented with 10 g/day of PEG and this supplement was then increased to 20 g /goat/day over the last 60 days of the trial. Goats receiving PEG tended (P > 0.05) to spend more time browsing acacia than those in treatment C. There were no treatment effects on live weight change of the goats, growth of their kids until 90 days of age or composition of their milk in terms of fat, protein and urea contents. Similar proportions of 74.1 and 77.8% of goats resumed postpartum ovulation with a mean ovulation rate of 1.50 ± 0.61 and 1.67 ± 0.47 (P > 0.05) in respectively the PEG and C treatments. PEG supplementation was associated with an increase (P < 0.05) in ovulation rate at the second postpartum ovulation occurring approximately 27 days after the application of the nutritional treatments (1.76 ± 0.60 versus 1.25 ± 0.45); 9 of the 13 goats ovulating in the PEG treatment were bearing more than one corpus lutuem in comparison to only 3 out of 12 females in the C group (P < 0.05). The likely increased availability of proteins in the PEG receiving goats could explain their higher ovulation rate.     

4种豆科牧草种子对绵羊消化道作用的反应

以4种野生豆科牧草苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroide)、线叶野豌豆(Vicia tenuifolia)、光果甘草(Glycyrrhizae glabrae)、罗马苜蓿(Medicago romanica)种子为研究对象,测定各种子在绵羊消化道作用前后的形态、生物学特性变化以及在绵羊消化道内的运移和排放规律。结果表明,4种种子排放过程均符合高斯模型,且苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草排放峰值均出现在饲喂后24~36h,罗马苜蓿种子排放峰值则出现在18~30h。苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草和罗马苜蓿种子总回收率分别为14.513%、4.463%、10.811%、4.608%,在绵羊消化道内的平均滞留时间分别为36.3、29.6、31.2和31.9h。除苦豆子外,其它3种植物种子在经过消化道后单粒重显著降低(P0.05),4种种子消化后的形状指数较经过消化道前显著减小。经过绵羊消化道后种皮颜色加深,纹理模糊,出现褶皱及明显侵蚀斑。与经过消化道前比较,4种植物种子经过消化道后的发芽率均有显著提高,其中发芽率提高效果最明显的时间段在消化24~48h后。消化道作用可有效打破苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草、罗马苜蓿种子的硬实,4种植物种子均可通过绵羊消化道传播。     

去除果皮和晒种处理对红豆草种子萌发特性的影响

试验研究了去除果皮和晒种处理对红豆草种子(荚果)萌发特性的影响。结果表明:和对照相比,去除果皮处理显著缩短了红豆草种子的初次发芽时间,且显著提高了发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和根、芽生长,显著降低了发霉率;晒种处理能显著促进未去掉果皮红豆草种子(荚果)的萌发。晒种1~3d对去掉果皮的红豆草种子的发芽率和发霉率无显著影响(P0.05)。去掉果皮晒种2、3d处理红豆草种子的发芽率显著高于未去皮晒种0d(对照),发霉率显著低于对照(P0.05),发芽指数和活力指数显著高于去掉果皮晒种0d和1d,初次发芽时间比对照提前2d,其根长和芽长显著高于对照(P0.05);经过去掉果皮和晒种的红豆草种子在室内贮存75d后其发芽指数、根长、芽长均有所降低,而发芽率却有所增加。试验得出,去除红豆草种子(荚果)果皮并晒种2~3d能显著促进其萌发、降低发霉率,而且短期(75d)贮藏后其发芽率未降低。     

教育对重庆市经济增长贡献研究

教育对经济增长具有很强的促进作用。文章采用计量经济学方法，测算重庆市教育对重庆市经济增长的贡献率，并把计算结果同京、津、沪、川的数据作了对比。发现重庆市的教育贡献率上升，但是高等教育贡献率非常低。当前，重庆市实施“科教兴渝”战略，一方面应注重持续发展基础教育，实现重庆教育均衡发展；另一方面注重协调发展高等教育，进一步改善教育体系，同时创新留住人才的机制。     

梅花鹿和驯鹿外周血和茸血对牛蛙离体心脏心肌收缩力和心率的影响

为探讨鹿血对牛蛙离体心脏收缩力和心率的影响,采用斯氏法离体蛙心,分别用不同的鹿血对离体心脏进行灌流,用BL 420E生物技能试验系统记录离体心脏给药前、后心肌收缩力和心率的变化。试验结果表明:梅花鹿外周血、梅花鹿茸血、驯鹿外周血和驯鹿茸血与任氏液对照组相比心肌收缩力增加42.27%¹26.62%,差异极显著(P<0.01),其中梅花鹿外周血和驯鹿外周血较比梅花鹿茸血和驯鹿茸血对增强离体蛙心心肌收缩力更为明显,但对各组间的心率没有影响(P>0.05)。     

黄土高塬沟壑区道路排水沟侵蚀产沙试验

为给黄土高塬沟壑区道路排水沟水土流失测算及其防护提供科学依据,采用野外原位放水冲刷试验方法,在放水流量10~50 L·min^-1和坡度4°~10°条件下,对土质道路裸露排水沟和植被排水沟的侵蚀产沙规律进行试验研究。结果表明:放水流量和坡度增大,裸露和植被排水沟的径流含沙量和土壤剥蚀率均成倍数增大,与放水流量呈显著指数函数关系;同一试验条件下,裸露排水沟的径流含沙量和土壤剥蚀率分别是植被排水沟的1.3~1.7倍和1.4~2.2倍。放水流量和坡度对裸露排水沟径流含沙量的影响较为接近,而植被排水沟径流含沙量主要受放水流量影响;不论裸露还是植被排水沟,放水流量对土壤剥蚀率的影响都远大于坡度。     

溶菌酶对犊牛腹泻和生长性能的影响

[目的]本试验研究溶菌酶在使用量不同情况下,对犊牛腹泻和生长性能的影响。[方法]选择无病、健康、体型近似的犊牛100 头,随机分为4 组,每组25 头,分别为对照组、低剂量组（Ⅰ组、1 g/头·天）、中剂量组（Ⅱ组、3 g/头·天）、高剂量组（Ⅲ组、5 g/头·天）,试验期30 天。在试验开始和结束时,观察犊牛粪便、腹泻、体重、体尺变化,并记录。[结果]试验期溶菌酶对犊牛的粪便评分有影响,1~30 天的粪便评分Ⅲ组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,且Ⅲ组比对照组降低12.5%;1~15 天时腹泻率差异显著（P<0.05）,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组与对照组相比分别降低23.02%、41.81%、53.64%,表明溶菌酶使用量多,腹泻效果更加明显;添加溶菌酶的Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组犊牛的平均日增重均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,分别提高9.6%、12.0%;Ⅲ组胸围显著高于对照组,高3.0%。[结论]溶菌酶使用到合适剂量,不仅能降低犊牛腹泻率,还能促进犊牛的生长性能。