紫花苜蓿太阳能干燥系统干燥箱的结构设计

紫花苜蓿是世界范围内种植量最广的牧草之一,低温干燥是常用的贮存方法,可有效保存苜蓿当中的营养成分。太阳能干燥箱可以为苜蓿提供干燥环境,保证干燥温度。为此,设计了一种立式箱式结构干燥箱,并对其工作原理、制作方式、内外部的结构形式及保温材料进行了相应的研究。     

以沼气为纽带的西藏农牧业清洁生产模式研究

为了解决因长期不合理施用化肥导致的西藏土壤理化性状、营养元素、有机物质、生物学活性和重金属含量等问题,提出了以沼气为纽带的西藏农牧业清洁生产的3种模式,均以沼肥综合利用促进沼气发展为目标的,集养殖、沼气、种植为一体的循环农牧业清洁生产模式。同时,阐述了农牧业清洁生产的内涵和目标,以及西藏发展农牧业清洁生产的条件、模式、存在的问题及解决对策,为解决长期不合理施用化肥而导致的一系列问题提供思路。该研究有利于实现资源循环利用,实现生态农业与无公害农产品的生产,保护农牧区生态环境,促进西藏农牧业的可持续发展。     

城市公交车制动能量回收方式综述

文章在分析城市公交车运行工况的基础上,说明了城市公交车能量回收系统的必要性。分析了三种制动能量回收方式的结构原理,对三种制动能量回收系统在城市公交车上的应用进行了分析比较。     

Adrenomedullin (AM) and adrenomedullin binding protein (AM-BP) in the bovine mammary gland and milk: Effects of stage of lactation and experimental intramammary E. coli infection

Adrenomedullin (AM) has been characterized as an endogenous tissue survival factor and modulator of many inflammatory processes. Because of the increased susceptibility of the mammary gland to infection during the time surrounding parturition in the cow, we investigated how milk and tissue content of AM and its binding protein (AM-BP) might be affected by the stage of lactation and the udder health status. Milk and mammary biopsy samples were obtained from Holstein cows 21 days prior to and at various times after calving to represent the dry period and early and mid-stages of lactation. Additional cows received an intramammary challenge with Escherichia coli for immunohistochemical characterization of AM and AM-BP. Milk AM concentrations were relatively constant across the stages of lactation while AM-BP increased two-fold (P<0.04) between early and mid-lactation. Milk AM (P<0.04) and AM-BP (P<0.03) increased as somatic cell counts (SCCs) increased within a given stage of lactation. Tissue content of both (AM and AM-BP) were significantly affected by stage of lactation, lowest in the dry period and progressively increasing to peak at mid-lactation as well as increasing in association with higher levels of SCCs. Following E. coli challenge, AM increased in epithelial cells surrounding mammary alveoli presenting high levels of SCCs. The data suggest that AM and AM-BP are cooperatively regulated in the mammary gland during lactation; changes in localized tissue AM and AM-BP content reflect a dynamic regulation of these tissue factors in the bovine mammary gland consistent with their protective effects within inflamed tissue.     

Insulin-like growth factor I in growing thoroughbreds

The objective of this longitudinal study was to characterize growth and plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations in pasture-raised thoroughbreds fed two sources of dietary energy. Mares and foals were randomly assigned to either a sugar and starch (SS) or fat and fibre (FF)-rich feed, and plasma IGF-I and growth were measured once a month from 1 to 16 months of age. These dependent variables were also compared with day length and ambient temperature. There was an association between plasma IGF-I concentration and average daily gain (ADG) (r = 0.32, p < 0.001). There were also clear seasonal patterns in both ADG and plasma IGF-I, with high values in June and May, and a low value in March. Plasma IGF-I and ADG were positively associated with day length and temperature. Plasma IGF-I was never higher (p > 0.10) in the FF group when compared with the SS group, and was higher in the SS group during a rapid growth phase in the spring of year 2 (p < 0.10). The results establish an association between ADG and IGF-I in the horse and indicate that environment and age may influence this relationship. In addition, plasma IGF-I is influenced by dietary energy source at particular times of year. This link has important implications in designing feeding management strategies that are aimed at addressing skeletal development.     

Comparative pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in healthy and Mannheimia haemolytica infected calves

The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin were investigated in healthy (n=8) and Mannheimia haemolytica naturally infected (n=8) Simmental ruminant calves following intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of 2 mg kg(-1) body weight. The concentration of marbofloxacin in plasma was measured using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Following i.v. administration of the drug, the elimination half-life (t(1/2 beta)) and mean residence time (MRT) were significantly longer in diseased calves (8.2h; 11.13 h) than in healthy ones (4.6 h; 6.1 h), respectively. The value of total body clearance (CL(B)) was larger in healthy calves (3 ml min(-1) kg(-1)) than in diseased ones (1.3 ml min(-1) kg(-1)). After single intramuscular (i.m.) administration of the drug, the elimination half-life, mean residence time (MRT) and maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) were higher in diseased calves (8.0, 12 h, 2.32 microg ml(-1)) than in healthy ones (4.7, 7.4 h, 1.4 microg ml(-1)), respectively. The plasma concentrations and AUC following administration of the drug by both routes were significantly higher in diseased calves than in healthy ones. Protein binding of Marbofloxacin was not significantly different in healthy and diseased calves. The mean value for MIC of marbofloxacin for M. haemolytica was 0.1+/-0.06 microg ml(-1). The C(max)/MIC and AUC(24)/MIC ratios were significantly higher in diseased calves (13.0-64.4 and 125-618 h) than in healthy calves (8-38.33 and 66.34-328 h). The obtained results for surrogate markers of antimicrobial activity (C(max)/MIC, AUC/MIC and T > or = MIC) indicate the excellent pharmacodynamic characteristics of the drug in diseased calves with M. haemolytica, which can be expected to optimize the clinical efficacy and minimize the development of resistance.     

三道湾水电站正常溢洪洞及泄洪排

试验表明，三道湾水电站原设计存在以下问题：泄洪排沙洞单独全开运行工况下，其进口上方存在贯通性吸气漏斗漩涡；正常溢洪洞进口侧收缩十分严重，泄流量不足，闸后存在水翅、折冲波等不良流态，下游消能效果不佳；针对实际情况，试验通过在泄洪排沙洞进口增设消涡格栅，在正常溢洪洞进口设置椭圆形导墙、延长闸后收缩段，下游采用扩散挑流消能等措施，很好地解决了上述问题。     

地表多水门管道畦灌试验研究

多水门管道灌溉是采用多水口管道替代水沟的一种地表灌溉方式。１９９３至１９９５年试验结果表明，多水门管道灌溉和传统水沟灌溉相比，具有节水、节能、改善灌水分布均匀度，提高灌溉质量，缩短灌溉时间和扩大作物种植面积等优点     

生物质能源作物——能源甜菜的开发利用

随着全世界能源物质的不断扩展,可再生的生物质能源将是21世纪主要的能源物质。能源甜菜是新兴的可再生能源作物,它具有生物学产量高,乙醇转化率高,含糖量适中等特点,是取之不尽、用之不竭的环保能源,对环境几乎没有污染;同时又是糖饲兼收的作物。利用能源甜菜通过酒精发酵创造乙醇燃料新能源,可以减轻或消除与粮食争地的矛盾,是保证粮食安全和能源安全的双赢举措。