浅议浙江农药检定管理机构的定位与发展

本文以浙江省农药检定管理所机构沿革和职能拓展为例,探讨农药检定管理机构的定位发展,以期为新形势下农药管理体系建设提供思路。     

甜瓜种质叶部SPAD值的变异分析

为了探讨不同甜瓜种质资源叶部SPAD值分布,以210份甜瓜种质为试材,分析了甜瓜开花期和坐果期叶部SPAD值的变异。结果表明,开花期叶部SPAD值野生甜瓜最大,其次为厚皮甜瓜、薄皮甜瓜;坐果期厚皮甜瓜叶部SPAD值最大,叶部SPAD值基本符合正态分布,属于数量性状。开花期与坐果期叶部SPAD值之间均呈极显著相关,叶部SPAD值随着叶位升高而增加,中部叶位L14的叶部SPAD值最大,且变异系数最小,可作为甜瓜叶部SPAD值的测定叶位。基于种质的SPAD值、种质类型及来源,210份甜瓜种质可聚为4类,各类SPAD值分布范围出现一定差异。研究结果可为甜瓜种质资源的评价利用提供参考依据。     

Thoracic high resolution CT using the modified VetMousetrap™ device is a feasible method for diagnosing canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in awake West Highland White Terriers

Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease particularly prevalent in West Highland White Terriers. In the present prospective pilot study, we evaluated the feasibility of modified VetMousetrap? device in high resolution CT to detect idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in West Highland White Terriers. Twelve awake West Highland White Terriers with canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 24 clinically healthy West Highland White Terriers were scanned using a helical dual slice scanner utilizing VetMousetrap? device without or with minimal chemical restraint with butorphanol. Three evaluators blindly assessed the images for image quality and the presence of canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis related imaging findings such as ground glass opacity and reticular opacities. Additionally, the attenuation of the lung was quantified with ImageJ software using histogram analysis of density over the lung fields. Computed tomography was successfully completed and motion artifact ranked in statistical analysis barely noticeable to mild in all dogs. The agreement between imaging findings and clinical status was very good with overall κ value 0.91 and percentage of agreement of 94%. There was also very good intraobserver (κ_range = 0.79‐0.91) and interobserver agreement (κ = 0.94). Moderate to severe ground glass opacity was present in all affected dogs. In the ImageJ analysis, a significant difference in lung attenuation between the study groups was observed. We conclude that modified VetMousetrap? device is applicable in diagnosing canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in awake West Highland White Terriers avoiding anesthetic risk in these often severely hypoxic patients.     

Summary of Ammonia and Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Poultry Operations

Limited data on pollutant emissions from poultry operations are available to assess the effect of these operations on the environment and to put their contribution in perspective with other sources of pollutants. To alleviate this problem, numerous studies at various poultry facilities have been undertaken to improve the knowledge base in quantifying emissions of NH₃ and size-fractionated particulate matter (PM). For these emission data to be of practical use for government agencies and policy makers, the emission rates must be reported as an emission factor with a production unit that enables the emissions from one poultry operation to be correlated to another poultry operation. This paper presents a compilation of NH₃ and PM emission data from several studies in the form of emission factor on a per-500 kg of live weight or animal unit basis. In addition, best management practices that lower pollutant emissions from poultry operations have been reported along with their effectiveness at reducing NH₃ and PM. Unfortunately, the compiled data were insufficient to characterize the variability in emissions caused by differences in house design, suggesting that more studies are needed to complete a comprehensive emission inventory. Once complete, this inventory will enable poultry producers to estimate emissions from their facilities and, if necessary, select management practice(s) to lessen their emissions of NH₃, PM, or both.     

Rooting ability of Leucaena leucocephala stem cuttings

Single-node leafy and leafless cuttings harvested from one-year-old, 1.3 to 1.5 m tall Leucaena leucocephala seedlings were successfully rooted in a non-mist propagator which is suitable for use in the rural tropics. Cuttings with a leaf attached rooted more successfully than those without a leaf (71% and 39% respectively) and clones differed significantly (43% to 71%). There was also a clear pattern in rooting ability of cuttings collected sequentially down the main stem. Cuttings rooted most successfully when taken from node five to 13, counting from the apex; this was the region where internodes were longest (64 to 109 mm) of moderate diameter (2.9 to 5.5 mm) and all cuttings had a leaf attached. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

有机肥、化肥配施对水稻产量的影响

通过产量构成因素相关分析可知,产量与产量构成因素之间呈显著正相关,求得有机肥、氮、磷、钾不同配比下的水稻生产最优模型,适用于以障碍型冷害为主的年份,最高产量的最优配比为２９１ ．５∶２ ．３∶１∶１．９ ．     

Influence of bud position on the formation of tubers on multiple node cuttings of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Summary Stem cuttings with variable number and position of leaves and variable number and age of buds were used to study the preference of tuberization at certain buds when several potential tuber sites were present. These cuttings were exposed to different orientations of the cuttings themselves and/or their light source. Inverting the cuttings did not affect overall tuberization, but had significant effects on individual buds, probably by the interaction between the original basipetal patterns in the cuttings and gravity effects. A smaller angle to the horizontal and lighting from below increased the overall expression of the tuberization stimulus. Leaf and bud position or age affected expression in a complicated manner, but the distance between screened bud and light-exposed leaf was crucial; buds most distant from illuminated leaves showed the strongest induction. The basic pattern of tuberization was basipetal.     

不同类型水稻品种叶源量及有关光合生理指标的研究

 就不同类型水稻品种的叶源量及有关光合生理指标进行了研究。超高产育种重穗型品种叶源量高于高产育种穗粒兼顾型品种和矮化育种多穗型品种,主茎剑叶的叶源量与单株产量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.8729**（P < 0.01）;光合速率叶位差、叶龄差和时间差以超高产育种重穗型品种最小,矮化育种多穗型品种最大。叶位差和叶龄差分别与成熟期单株干重及千粒重呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为－0.9810**和－0.9341**（P<0.01）,时间差和光抑制有关。水稻品种抽穗期光合速率及其叶龄差、叶位差和时间差可作为高光效育种的生理指标     

长期定位施用氮肥对菜田土壤肥力变化的影响

在蔬菜氮肥长期定位试验条件下研究了不同施肥处理对土壤肥力变化的影响。明确了长期施用有机肥对增加菜田土壤有机质含量的作用及其变化过程，施用氮素化肥对增加土壤有机质含量作用不大以及土壤有机质分解的缓慢过程。虽然施用有机肥对维持土壤养分平衡有着积极作用，但长期不施磷、钾肥仍然会导致土壤磷、钾养分的亏缺。在偏施特别是多施氮素化肥条件下，土壤交换性盐基总量及交换性Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋含量明显下降，土壤ｐＨ值降低，逐渐向酸性方向恶化。从施肥角度提出了防止菜田土壤恶化的对策。     

L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺对杂交鲟体成分、肠道形态的影响

将初始体质量(0.42±0.05)g的杂交鲟(Acipenser schrenckii♀×A.baerii♂)仔鱼饲养在室内循环水养殖系统中,投喂添加0(G1)、0.25%(G2)、0.5%(G3)、0.75%(G4)和1.0%(G5)L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺(L-AG)的5种等氮饲料,每个处理3个重复,每个重复1500尾鱼,研究L-AG水平对杂交鲟体成分和十二指肠形态的影响。56d的养殖结果表明:饲料中添加0.25%和5.0%L-AG对全鱼粗蛋白含量影响不显著(P0.05),但添加0.75%和1.0%L-AG显著提高了全鱼粗蛋白含量(P0.05)。添加0.25%~1.0%L-AG对全鱼水分、粗脂肪和灰分含量影响不显著(P0.05)。与对照组相比,添加0.25%~1.0%L-AG对肠道绒毛高度、微绒毛高度和肌层厚度均未产生显著影响(P0.05)。结果表明:外源补充0.75%~1.0%L-AG可显著提高杂交鲟仔鱼粗蛋白含量,但添加0.25%~1.0%L-AG对十二指肠形态不产生显著影响。