头枕高度对侧卧睡眠舒适性的影响

通过人体侧卧时头部及颈肩部压力分布测试、舒适感主观评价及相关性分析,以及人体胸颈部脊柱定位点分析和肩颧距测量等方法,研究承重后头枕高度变化对人体睡眠舒适性变化的影响。结果发现:侧卧人群宜选择承重后高度7～8cm的睡枕;枕高5cm时,脊柱上部呈"凸"字形状,枕高14cm时,脊柱上部呈"\"字形状;肩颧距与舒适枕高值存在较高的正相关性,最佳枕高值小于肩颧距。该结果可为侧卧枕高的个性化设计提供依据。     

精校机电液位置伺服系统的极点配置自校正控制

常规控制方法很难对变参数系统实现精确控制。建立精校机电液位置伺服系统离散数学模型,研究其常规控制方法。将极点配置自校正控制理论应用于精校机电液位置伺服系统中,提出该系统的极点配置自校正控制方法。仿真结果表明,系统的控制精度和跟踪性能将得以提高。     

荞麦粉对挂面品质的影响

选择荞麦粉为辅料,以挂面的咀嚼度为指标,研究荞麦粉和食品添加剂对挂面品质的影响。在单因素研究的基础上,通过正交试验和二次旋转分析,建立数学回归方程,确定荞麦挂面的的最佳工艺和配方。结果表明,荞麦挂面的最优配方为荞麦粉质量分数19%,CMC-Na 0.3%,六偏磷酸钠0.08%,在此条件下质构仪得出的挂面咀嚼度值为196.518。     

激光诱导击穿光谱分析新鲜桔叶重金属元素铬

为使激光诱导击穿光谱技术(LIBS)能实际应用于环境污染相关的领域,选择新鲜桔叶片样品作初步实验研究。该实验用纳秒级Nd:YAG激光器(波长:1 064 nm)为光源,在实验室自然大气环境下诱导新鲜桔叶片产生等离子体,研究了延时时间和激光能量对新鲜桔叶片中铬元素激光诱导击穿光谱特性的影响,综合评价其信背比和信号强度得到了相应的最佳检测条件:最佳延时1.6μs,最佳激光能量120 mJ。建立了Cr元素的定标曲线,并且定量分析了在最佳实验条件下样品中铬元素浓度。结果表明Cr元素浓度在50～800μg/mL范围内,Cr元素含量和光谱相对强度之间有较好的线性关系。实验也表明LIBS技术是一种快速检测新鲜植物叶片中重金属元素含量的有效工具。     

Rooting Success of Cuttings from Young Picea abies in Transition to Flowering Competent Phase

Abstract

Abundant flowering occurred in a central Swedish trial with 10-yr-old Picea abies L. (Karst.) cuttings, taken on 4-yr-old seedlings. Large deviations in cone-set between clones were assumed to reflect different stages in transition from juvenile to flowering competent phase. Rooting success and first-yr growth performance (leader length, leader origin and plagiotropic growth) were studied on cuttings originating from the upper and lower parts of the crown in 15 clones with heavy cone-set and 15 clones without cones. Twigs from the lower part of the crown had a significantly higher rooting percentage. Cone-set did not have an effect on any of the variables analysed. The results suggest that flowering ability and rooting capacity are independent age-related processes, implying that selection for high rooting capacity in clonal forestry does not reduce flowering competence. The results will have a great impact on breeding of P. abies, since both early flowering and high rooting ability are important traits for reducing the turnover time of the breeding cycle.     

Influence of fioret position and flowering time on seed set and thousand seed weight of Ceratoides arborescens

本研究对华北驼绒藜（Ceratoides arborescens）生长4年和生长8年居群不同冠层、株丛上主枝和一级侧枝,以及不同花期花的结实率和种子千粒重进行了测定和分析。结果显示,1）株龄较小的植株结实率较高,所结种子千粒重较大,可能与年龄小的植株分枝少,养分集中有关。2）结实与花在花序上的位置有关。无论在主枝条上还是在侧枝上,先开花的部位结实率高,种子千粒重也较大。3）对整个居群来说,冠层的中层结实率最高,种子千粒重最大,冠层下层结实率和种子千粒重最小。4）盛花期开的花结实率高,种子千粒重也大,末花期次之,始花期花的结实率最低,种子千粒重也最小。     

青藏高原东北边缘云杉属—冷杉属林火烧迹地枯落物持水特征

以青藏高原东北边缘云杉属-冷杉属林火烧迹地为研究对象,基于典型抽样法于2020年8月和2021年7—8月在火烧迹地和未过火天然林采集枯落物样品,采用室内浸泡法测定分析枯落的蓄积量、持水量、有效拦蓄量等指标,探究林火干扰下不同坡位枯落物的水文效应,为更好地促进森林水源涵养以及水土保持功能提供依据。结果表明：(1)在植被恢复过程中,枯落物的厚度和蓄积量随着恢复年限的增加而增加,且厚度为3.75～8.31 cm,蓄积量为6.16～8.13 t/hm²。恢复5,15年火烧迹地上、中、下坡枯落物厚度和蓄积量与天然林差异显著。(2)枯落物的最大持水量为20.94～26.22 t/hm²,恢复5,15年火烧迹地枯落物最大持水量与天然林差异达显著水平。在枯落物持水达到饱和前,不同恢复年限下各坡位枯落物持水量与浸水时间呈对数函数关系,吸水速率与浸水时间呈幂函数关系。(3)枯落物的有效拦蓄量为14.58～16.95 t/hm²,有效拦蓄深为1.44～1.78 mm。恢复5年火烧迹地枯落物有效拦蓄量表现为中坡>上坡>下坡,恢复15...     

绥阳县水稻施肥3414肥料效应研究

通过水稻施肥“3414”小区试验,经方差、多重比较,氮磷钾不同处理间产量存在一定的差异显著性,回归分析表明,在绥阳县水稻每667m2最佳施肥量为：氮（N）11.60kg、磷（P2O5）6.75kg、钾（K2O）7.49kg,水稻可获得最佳经济产量为：827.13kg/667 m2.     

酸甜芦笋罐头的研究

利用新鲜芦笋为原料,进行酸甜芦笋罐头的研制,通过实验确定最佳配方及最佳生产工艺,并对成品的理化指标进行测定。     

Implementing Sustainable Forest Management Using Six Concepts in an Adaptive Management Framework

Certification and principles, criteria and indicators (PCI) describe desired ends for sustainable forest management (SFM) but do not address potential means to achieve those ends. As a result, forest owners and managers participating in certification and employing PCI as tools to achieving SFM may be doing so inefficiently: achieving results by trial-and-error rather than by targeted management practices; dispersing resources away from priority objectives; and passively monitoring outcomes rather than actively establishing quantitative goals. In this literature review, we propose six concepts to guide SFM implementation. These concepts include: Best Management Practices (BMPs)/Reduced Impact Logging (RIL), biodiversity conservation, forest protection, multi-scale planning, participatory forestry, and sustained forest production. We place these concepts within an iterative decision-making framework of planning, implementation, and assessment, and provide brief definitions of and practices delimited by each concept. A case study describing SFM in the neo-tropics illustrates a potential application of our six concepts. Overall our paper offers an approach that will help forest owners and managers implement the ambiguous SFM concept.