秋季叶面喷施尿素对酿酒葡萄光合作用和果实品质的影响

以“赤霞珠”葡萄为试材,在秋季对叶面喷施不同浓度的尿素,研究其对叶片光合作用和果实品质的影响,以期为提高酿酒葡萄叶片的光合作用和果实品质提供理论依据.结果表明:在酿酒葡萄的生长后期,叶面喷施1％～4％的尿素可明显提高葡萄叶片气孔导度和叶绿素含量,提高了叶片中蛋白质含量和光合作用关键酶活性,净光合速率也得到明显的提高.其中,3％尿素处理不但显著提高了叶片光合作用关键酶活性和净光合速率,也显著提高了酿酒葡萄果实的品质.因此,秋季叶面喷施适当浓度的尿素可通过调节气孔导度、叶绿素含量和光合作用关键酶活性来提高叶片光合速率,最终提高果实品质.     

桉树优良无性系制浆造纸性能与适应性的研究

对福建漳州岩溪、天马和南靖3个试验点桉树品系的抗风抗冻、纤维材生长性状、木材纤维形态和化学组成成分等性能的测定与分析,经多性状综合评判、交互效应与变异分析,从中选择出具有抗逆性强、纸浆性能好、较高生长量、生物量和纤维产量,适合闽南山地发展的C9、C10和C6等3个桉树优良品系 这3个无性系4年生年平均树高和胸径生长量、每株干·a-1和4 2～7 5kg·材重量和纤维产量分别可达3 7～4 4m、3 3～3 7cm、9 2～16 1kg·株-1株\+-1·a-1,且抗逆性强、稳定性好、木材纤维形态和化学组成等良好特性,是制浆造纸优质原料     

葡萄果实始熟机理的研究——缓慢生长期外施激素和环剥的效应

在巨峰葡萄果实缓慢生长期对果实外施激素和对枝条环剥处理，结果表明，外源ＡＢＡ单独处理、果穗下方环剥与外源ＩＡＡ或ＡＢＡ联合处理均使始熟期提前到来；外源ＩＡＡ（３００ｍｇ／Ｌ）处理并没有推迟果实的始熟期，而外源ＧＡ３处理则使始熟延迟。分析各种处理果实的内源激素变化后认为，虽然果肉ＡＢＡ浓度的升高并不总与始熟期相一致，但ＡＢＡ做为始熟启动信息几乎是可以肯定的。ＩＡＡ浓度在始熟期毫无例外地下降到低谷，说明ＩＡＡ数量的减少也是始熟的必要条件之一。ＧＡ３处理在延迟始熟的同时减缓了ＩＡＡ的下降而并未影响ＡＢＡ的变化。果穗上下方环剥试验表明果实中启动成熟的ＡＢＡ可以不来源于叶片。讨论了果实中内外源激素的相互关系及其对始熟启动的调控机制     

ANALYSIS OF CHINESE LARCH (L.GMELINI)SCMP BLEACHABILITY

Experimentaldatarevealedthattherelativeratiosofmajorpo1ysaccharidecontentswereasfOllows'arabin(Ar.):xylan(Xy.)'galactosan(Gal)'mannan(Man)'glucosan(Glu)=l.oo:2.8o.5.5l.7.-o4f2l.82.Underthesulfonationconditionsinvolx:ed-dissolvingrateswereobservedtobefGal.>Ar.>Man.>Xy.xG1u.Dissolutionofligninbehaveddifferentlywthdifferentsulfonationtemperatures.C,forn1ulasforL.gmeliniheartwoodandsapwoodmilledwoodlignin(MWL)wereC,H,95O,87(OCH,51andC,H,.,o,oo(OCH,),.,'respectively.Itwasfoundthatthecarb…     

江西红麻全杆造纸的优势与发展

用红麻造的纸据国内外试验试产结果，同木料制浆的纸相媲美，具有光泽耐撕、不变色、耐贮存。加工时比木、竹节能低，它可制练出高白度红麻浆制成各种新闻纸、书刊纸、证券纸、印钞纸、卷烟纸及打字纸和包装牛皮纸等。红麻适应性广，对土壤选择不严。从我省土地、气象、自然条件看，完全适合种植红麻，可充分利用全杆，比单纯提供韧皮纤维产值高，我省主产麻区的金溪、永丰、余江、上高等地均有种植红麻习惯，栽培历史悠久，利用这些资源优势，有效地调整农业结构，扩大造纸材料，替代木浆进口，节省外汇和缓解以毛竹、木材制浆原料的不足，是可行的。     

西瓜劣质果的产生原因及预防措施

西瓜劣质果严重影响西瓜的品质和经济价值。总结了空洞果、开裂果、脐腐果、瓤质劣变果、黄带果等几种常见西瓜劣质果的特征及发生原因,并提出了西瓜劣质果的预防措施。     

不同干燥方法对龙眼果肉品质特性的影响

【目的】考察不同干燥方法对去壳龙眼果肉品质特性的影响,评价微波真空干燥工艺的可行性。【方法】以龙眼果肉干制品的收缩率、复水率、色泽、多糖含量、SOD活性和感官品质为评价指标,研究热风干燥、真空干燥、微波干燥、微波真空干燥和真空冷冻干燥5种干燥方法对龙眼果肉品质特性的影响。【结果】5种干燥方法所得龙眼果肉的收缩率、复水率、色泽、多糖含量和SOD活性存在差异,微波真空干燥所制龙眼果肉的色泽最佳,收缩率、复水率、多糖含量和SOD活性仅次于真空冷冻干燥,但微波真空干燥的时间短、温度低、效率高,且所制龙眼果肉结构完整,金色饱满,质地适中,具有龙眼特有的风味,综合品质最好。【结论】微波真空干燥是最适的龙眼果肉干燥方法,可应用于工业化生产。     

Genetic parameters of growth and wood quality traits in Picea abies

Genetic parameters were estimated for wood and growth traits in two 19-yr-old clonal trials and a 40-yr-old full-sib progeny trial of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. In the clonal trials high (>0.4) broad-sense heritabilities were found for wood density traits, lignin content, number of internal cracks, growth traits, spiral grain and number of resin canals. Moderate (0.2–0.4) heritabilities were found for tracheid lumen diameter and cell wall thickness, microfibril angle and tracheid length, while low heritabilities (<0.2) were found for pulp yield, fibre strength, wood stiffness and wood colour. Lignin content and pulp yield showed low genetic variation, whereas the genotypic coefficient of variation for most other traits ranged between 5 and 15%. Most traits showed low levels of genotype by environment interaction. Among the wood properties, latewood proportion, earlywood density and ring density showed significant, adverse correlations with volume in both clonal trials.     

Occurrence and berry production of Rubus chamaemorus L., Vaccinium oxycoccus L. & Vaccinium microcarpum Turcz. and Vaccinium vitis‐idaea L. on Swedish peatlands

During three consecutive years, 1978–1980, cloudberries (Rubus chamaemorus L.), cranberries (Vaccinium oxycoccus L. & Vaccinium microcarpum Turcz.) and lingonberries Vaccinium vitis‐idaea L.) growing wild in Swedish forests and mires were inventoried in the annual National Forest Survey. Both the coverage and fertility of these were estimated. Observations from 42 000 test sites (314 m² each) were processed according to geographical region, composition of tree and field layer, altitude and occurrence of draining ditches. Cloudberries cover 425 000 hectares or 1.5 % of the total investigated area (28.6 million hectares). The corresponding values for cranberries and lingonberries are 136000 hectares (0.5 %) and 1362000 ha (4.8%) respectively. Open mires have a greater degree of coverage by cloudberry and cranberry than wet forests on peat. The reverse situation is true for lingonberry. The total berry yield on peatland was estimated to 116.6 million kg (freshweight), distributed as 75.7 million kg cloudberries, 20.8 million kg cranberries and 20.1 million kg lingonberries. The corresponding production of lingonberries on mineral soils was 188.8 million kg. Both in wet forests and on mires, drained areas show lower berry production for the three species, with one exception. Lingonberries yielded better on drained mires. Productive stands of cloudberries and cranberries ought not to be drained for economic reasons.     

油菜素内酯和脱落酸调控葡萄果实花色苷合成的研究

【目的】为研究2,4-表油菜素内酯(2,4-epibrassinolide,EBR)和脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)处理对葡萄花色苷合成与可溶性固形物含量、果皮苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和类黄酮糖基转移酶(UFGT)活性以及果实内源ABA含量的影响,探索油菜素内酯调控葡萄果实成熟及花色苷合成的机理。【方法】以酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’(Cabernet Sauvignon)和‘烟73’(Yan 73)为试材,在葡萄转色前分别用0.1、0.4、0.8 mg.L-1EBR,1mg.L-1Brz(brassinazole,BR生物合成抑制剂)和200 mg.L-1ABA,均匀喷施于葡萄果实,在葡萄成熟过程中测定葡萄果皮花色苷含量及PAL和UFGT酶活性,同时测定果实ABA和可溶性固形物含量。【结果】在果实着色初期,‘赤霞珠’和‘烟73’葡萄果皮PAL和UFGT活性及果实内源ABA含量均逐渐升高,当果实接近成熟花色苷含量基本稳定时ABA含量开始降低。与对照相比,0.4mg.L-1EBR和200 mg.L-1ABA处理显著增加了果实内源ABA含量,提高了果皮PAL和UFGT活性,促进了果皮花色苷的合成和果实可溶性固形物的积累。0.1 mg.L-1和0.8 mg.L-1EBR处理总体增加了果实内源ABA含量,促进了花色苷的合成和可溶性固形物的积累,并提高了UFGT和PAL酶活性,但比0.4 mg.L-1EBR处理提高的幅度小,且差异显著。1 mg.L-1Brz处理使果实ABA的合成推迟,果实可溶性固形物含量、果皮PAL和UFGT活性以及花色苷含量均低于对照,但差异不显著。【结论】外源EBR和ABA处理促进了葡萄成熟和花色苷合成,在不同浓度EBR处理中,以0.4 mg.L-1处理效果较好;内源ABA可能参与了EBR对葡萄成熟和花色苷合成的调控。