方形叠层橡胶隔震支座竖向力学性能试验研究

为了研究方形天然胶叠层橡胶支座的竖向刚度与面压、形状系数的相关性，对4个不同形状系数的、边长为400 mm的足尺方形天然胶叠层橡胶隔震支座，分别施加10 MPa，12.5 MPa，15 MPa的面压，进行了竖向力学性能试验，得到4个支座不同面压下的竖向刚度.分析了竖向刚度与面压、形状系数的相关性，得到了竖向刚度与面压相关性的经验公式.研究表明：天然胶叠层橡胶隔震支座的竖向刚度与面压相关，面压增大时，支座的竖向刚度增大；面压不变时，竖向刚度随第2形状系数的增大而增大；第2形状系数较大时，竖向刚度对面压的变化更为敏感.     

基于能量损耗的球轴承摩阻力臂计算方法

为了解决水工闸门滚动行走支承的球轴承摩阻力臂计算方法问题,从能量损耗角度出发,将球轴承的滚动摩擦简化为微观滑动、弹性滞后和黏着效应3种.其中微观滑动的接触面近似为圆形区域,其应力分布采用2个相似的＂赫兹＂应力分布式进行叠加,来满足接触边界条件;弹性滞后则是由于滚珠材料并不是完全的弹性材料引起的.当滚珠受外载荷作用时发生变形,在变形过程中由于材料内摩擦作用所引起的结构阻尼将消耗一部分能量,而这部分能量是产生弹性滞后的原因,弹性滞后与应变成正比;黏着效应与接触材料的表面能有关,当滚球在套圈内滚动时滚珠需要克服接触材料的表面能,在克服材料表面能的过程中需要消耗一部分能量,这部分能量就是产生黏着效应的主要原因.通过选用440C不锈钢、氮化硅、碳化硅和碳化钨等滚动轴承中常用的材料进行计算,研究发现球轴承的摩阻力臂与打滑比成正比、与载荷成反比.     

变标度法的轴承故障诊断方法研究

滚动轴承的早期故障,其振动信号微弱,常规的故障诊断方法难以准确辨析。本文从分形原理出发,利用Hurst指数和变标度极差分析法,对轴承微弱故障产生的非平稳、非线性信号进行了定量的描述。研究表明,滚动轴承不同类型的故障,其动力学产生的机制不同,造成其分形维数、Hurst指数明显不同。因此利用Hurst指数以及变标度极差分析法可以准确地诊断和预测滚动轴承的早期故障。文章研究内容为滚动轴承的微弱故障的诊断与预测提供了新的研究思路。     

Dynamic Lubrication of Micro Gas Bearings at an Ultra High Speed

Micro bearings of Power MEMS are usually designed to work at an ultra high speed more than 10~(6) r/min in order to improve their specific energy. So the dynamic lubrication of micro gas bearings at an ultra speed is researched. First the micro structural characteristics of micro gas-lubricated bearings are investigated, and a method to caculate the load-carrying performance of micro dynamic gas-lubricated bearings is put forword. Then the designs of two typical micro dynamic gas-lubricated bearings that are used in micro gas turbines are vertified. Moreover, the parameters affecting the load-carrying performance of micro dynamic gas-lubricated bearings are analysed.     

发动机曲轴主轴承润滑分析与节省功率的研究

建立了评价内燃机曲轴主轴承功率损失的润滑分析计算模型，分析了通过减小高功率密度(HPD)发动机曲轴主轴承直径来减少主轴承摩擦功率损失的可行性。针对具体发动机，分析了在不同爆发压力、不同润滑油温度下主轴承直径的减小对轴承润滑特性和曲轴扭转应力的影响，并计算了各种条件下发动机功率的节省量，提出了主轴承直径的最大可能减小量。     

利用不同轴承计算模型预测发动机振动噪声的比较

为研究不同轴承计算模型对发动机振动噪声预测的影响,该文以493ZLQ柴油机为例,分别建立了带HD （hydro-dynamic）、EHD（elastic hydro-dynamic）以及TEHD（thermal elastic hydro-dynamic）轴承计算模型的发动机多体动力学模型;分析了不同模型下最大油膜压力、最小油膜厚度,发现相对TEHD轴承计算模型,HD轴承计算模型最小油膜厚度和最大油膜压力的相对误差为-68%、130%,EHD轴承计算模型的相对误差为84%、-9%;以不同模型的多体动力学计算结果为边界条件预测了发动机机体的声学性能;分别将振动计算结果与声学计算结果与试验结果进行了对比,发现HD、EHD以及TEHD轴承计算模型得到的振动噪声计算结果的最大误差分别为7、4.5和4.2 dB,声功率级计算结果的最大误差分别为13、6.1、3.8 dBA。研究表明,考虑轴承的弹性变形以及热变形的发动机多体动力学计算模型在发动机振动与噪声计算方面具有很高的计算精度,是目前分析轴承受力以及发动机噪声领域最为准确的计算模型之一。     

Discussion on similarities and differences between CFX and Fluent software in calculating journal bearing lubrication

The calculation of journal bearing’s performances is taken as an example,and similarities and differences between the modules CFX and Fluent of ANSYS are analyzed using the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) theory. To this end,the calculation models are established and solved using the above modules. And the tribological parameters of the journal bearing are comparatively analyzed at different eccentricity ratios,rotational speeds and the ratios of bearing’s length-diameter. The conclusion reached is that results from two modules have similar overall variation tendency in the bearing performances. However,the maximum pressure and load-carrying capacity by CFX are smaller,while the friction coefficient is greater,compared with those by Fluent. And greater deviations appear at high eccentricity,low rotational speed,or low ratio of bearing’s length-diameter.     

Unbalance response analysis of high speed aerostatic motorized spindle rotor system

According to the high speed of aerostatic motorized spindle, the complex dynamic behavior and the unbalance incentive, dynamical model is built up on the basis of Lagrange equation. And it is includes the differential equatioan of free vibration and forced vibration.Then, the residual unbalanced inertial centrifugal force and the mechanism of unbalanced magnetic pull are analyzed. Finally, a motorized spindle rotor-gas bearings system with the highest working speed of 250 000 r/min is simulated in the way of the unbalance excitation harmonic analysis. The dynamic behavior of high-speed aerostatic motorized spindle is revealed in supercritical mode at unbalance excitation.A theoretical basis is provided for the optimization design, vibration control to the rotor system of high-speed aerostatic motorized spindle in engineering application.     

基于薄壁圆环理论的机器人用柔性轴承变形特征快速求解

谐波减速器内部柔性轴承是机器人关节的重要传动部件,因在工作中会产生较大的预变形而与普通轴承不同,导致传统轴承理论不适用,所以建立新的研究方法对其各项性能进行分析非常必要。该文通过建立柔性轴承的理论计算模型,求解计算柔性轴承工作时内部应力与变形特征,具体步骤包括:1)建立变形协调方程,并通过莫尔积分定理求解方程,得到变形过程中柔性轴承外圈的弯曲力矩;2)根据薄壁圆环理论,求得外圈的变形特征与内圈弯曲力矩;3)建立三弯矩方程,计算外载荷作用下柔性轴承外圈所承受的最大弯曲力矩。最后,建立柔性轴承有限元仿真模型对比验证理论模型,两者最大误差为7%,其中理论求解时间为5～8 min,有限元计算需4～5 h,通过理论模型可以快速求得柔性轴承内部变性特征与受力情况。计算结果表明,对于CSF-25-80型柔性轴承,外圈厚度设计在1.3～1.6 mm,宽度设计在9 mm左右,都可以有效改善外圈的应力状况。该研究可为对柔性轴承的设计和优化提供理论参考。     

Design and analysis of structural parameters for capillary oil film bearing

Structural parameters, such as the structure of recesses, the number of recesses, and throttle parameters, play decisive roles in determining the carrying capacity and rigidity of oil film bearings. These parameters are analyzed, and a state design is presented for a hydrostatic cavity and pat bearing, a hybrid bearing with an eccentric oil wedge, and ladder recesses. The mutual relationships between oil film bearing structural parameters and carrying capacity are calculated by combining numerical methods using MATLAB software programming. The results show that hybrid bearings with ladder recesses have superior carrying capacity compared to bearings with other structural forms.