The effect of unilateral eyestalk ablation and diet on the reproductive performance of wild-caught Farfantepenaeus aztecus (Ives, 1891) using a closed recirculating maturation system

Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of unilateral eyestalk ablation and diet on the reproductive performance of wild populations of Farfantepenaeus aztecus. In both studies, females in two treatments were unilaterally ablated while those in the control treatment were not. Shrimp in the non‐ablated treatment and one of the unilaterally ablated treatments received frozen bloodworms (8% BW day⁻¹) and frozen squid (12% BW day⁻¹). The bloodworm component of the diet of the third unilateral ablation treatment was replaced with frozen adult enriched Artemia sp. Ablated female population spawning per night, in both studies, was higher than non‐ablated spawning (8.5 and 8.9 vs. 2.6%; 7.4 and 7.5 vs. 2.7% respectively; P<0.05). Replacement of bloodworms with adult enriched Artemia sp. had no negative effect on the number of eggs spawned per ablated female (124 000 vs. 115 000 eggs spawn⁻¹; 144 000 vs. 151 000 eggs spawn⁻¹ respectively; P>0.05). The life span of ablated females fed adult enriched Artemia sp. was 8 and 40 days longer than ablated females fed bloodworms for the first and second studies respectively. Replacement of bloodworms with adult enriched Artemia sp. resulted in higher hatch and larval survival rates (Nauplius 1 to Zoea 1) (55.0% vs. 46.9% and 44.8% vs. 37.2%), respectively, P<0.05.     

小反刍兽疫病毒酵母双杂交诱饵载体pGBKT7-tH的构建、表达和鉴定

利用PCR技术扩增获得PPRV-tH基因片段,将其克隆至酵母双杂交系统诱饵载体pGBKT7中,经酶切、测序验证其正确插入后,将重组诱饵质粒转化酵母菌AH109中,检测其在酵母中有无渗漏、自我激活作用和毒性。利用Western blotting分析诱饵蛋白在酵母中的表达情况,以鉴定其作为诱饵蛋白的可行性。结果表明,成功扩增到了PPRV-tH,并正确构建了pGBKT7-tH诱饵表达载体,此载体在酵母细胞AH109中无毒性、渗漏和自我激活能力,且能正确表达tH蛋白。     

Termite cuticular extracts improve acceptance of bait for controlling invasive Asian needle ants,Brachyponera chinensis

BACKGROUND

The Asian needle ant, Brachyponera chinensis, is an invasive ant currently spreading in urban and natural habitats throughout the eastern United States. Recent studies have documented the negative impact of B. chinensis on native ecosystems and human health, yet effective control strategies are lacking. Control difficulties are, in part, due to the unique biology of B. chinensis, which is a predatory ant and a termite specialist. Given that subterranean termites are an important nutritional resource for B. chinensis, the current study evaluated the potential of termite cuticular extract to improve the target-specificity and efficacy of commercial bait used for B. chinensis control.

RESULTS

The efficacy of bait augmented with termite cuticular extracts was evaluated in laboratory and field trials. In laboratory assays, B. chinensis colonies were offered granular bait treated with termite cuticular extract. Results demonstrated that the acceptance of commercial bait is significantly increased by the addition of termite cuticular extract or synthetic (Z)-9-pentacosene, a major component of termite cuticular extract. Foraging activity of Asian needle ants was significantly greater on baits augmented with termite cuticular extract or (Z)-9-pentacosene relative to standard bait. Furthermore, bait augmented with termite cuticular extract worked substantially faster relative to standard bait. To evaluate population effects, field studies were conducted in forested areas invaded by B. chinensis. Bait treated with termite cuticular extract scattered on the forest floor provided rapid control of B. chinensis and ant densities throughout the treated plots declined by 98% within 14 days.

CONCLUSION

The incorporation of termite cuticular extracts and individual cuticular hydrocarbons such as (Z)-9-pentacosene into traditional baits used for B. chinensis control may offer a novel tool to manage this increasingly problematic invasive ant. © 2023 The Author. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

拟南芥NiNJA基因酵母双杂诱饵载体构建及互作蛋白的筛选

JAZ蛋白是植物茉莉酸信号途径的重要负调控因子,JAZ与NiNJA形成蛋白复合体抑制茉莉酸下游转录因子的转录活性,NiNJA蛋白是联系JAZ蛋白与下游转录因子的重要因子.为了研究NiNJA调控的下游基因,首先构建了NiNJA基因的诱饵载体pGBKT7-NiNJA,然后转化酵母Y2H Gold感受态,通过自转录激活实验,发现诱饵载体pGBKT7-NiNJA没有自转录激活活性.在此基础上,从拟南芥“Mate&PlateTM”Library 进行酵母双杂筛选,获得若干个与NiNJA互作的蛋白,为下一步鉴定NiNJA的互作蛋白及茉莉酸的信号调控途径打下基础.     

橘小实蝇蛋白饵剂中氨基酸的HPLC分析及生物测定

采用生物测定的方法比较Prima蛋白饵剂和自行研制蛋白饵剂的引诱效果。结果表明,两者对橘小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel))引诱效果相当,但水解后的同种蛋白饵剂引诱效果高于水解前。采用柱前衍生高效液相色谱法(Acc Q·Tag法)测定以上两种蛋白饵剂中氨基酸的种类和含量,结果表明,这两种蛋白饵剂中均含有游离氨基酸17种,总氨基酸18种。其中Prima蛋白饵剂总氨基酸含量为52.847 6mg/m L,游离氨基酸含量为5.736 4 mg/m L,多肽含量为4.711 12 mg/m L;自行研制的橘小实蝇蛋白饵剂总氨基酸含量为65.624 3 mg/m L,游离氨基酸含量为6.301 0 mg/m L,多肽含量为59.323 3 mg/m L。通过比较两者氨基酸的差别,为蛋白饵剂的工业化生产质量监控提供方法依据。     

eSRKs酵母双杂交诱饵载体的构建及其自激活作用的检测

为研究甘蓝自交不亲和决定因子S位点富含半胱氨酸蛋白/S位点蛋白11(SCR/SP11)与S位点受体激酶(SRK)胞外域高变区(eSRKs)的相互作用,构建了eSRKs基因的酵母双杂交诱饵载体,检测其自激活作用,并验证是否适用于后续的相互作用研究.以甘蓝B3为材料,通过RT-PCR技术获得eSRKs目的基因片段,将其克隆到pGBKT7载体中,构建酵母双杂交诱饵载体pGBKT7-eSRKs;测序正确后,将重组质粒转入Y2HGold,检测其表达产物对酵母细胞有无毒性以及对报告基因有无自激活作用,结果获得了正确的eSRKs基因片段,并成功克隆到pGBKT7诱饵载体中,且转化在有诱饵载体pGBKT7-eSRKs的Y2HGold在SD/-Trp营养缺陷平板上生长良好,表明表达产物对酵母细胞无毒性;显色反应结果表明对报告基因也无自激活作用,为下一步利用酵母双杂交系统检测SCR蛋白与SRK蛋白胞外域高变区的相互作用奠定基础.     

Efficacy of zinc phosphide baits to control voles in alfalfa - an enclosure study

The efficacy of broadcasting zinc phosphide (Zn₃P₂) grain baits as an acute rodenticide to control graytailed voles (Microtus canicaudus) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was assessed. A total of 428 voles was distributed within 18, 0.2-ha enclosures having a 2+ year stand of plants. Single, pre-bait (0.0% Zn₃P₂) and test-/control-(2.0/0.0% Zn₃P₂) bait broadcasts (11.2 kg ha⁻¹) were applied within enclosures 18 and 20 days following final vole distribution. At 14 days later, a trap-out of the surviving voles was conducted. Only 5.6% of those distributed in Zn₃P₂-baited enclosures were recaptured; whereas, 70.1% of those placed in control-baited enclosures were retrapped. Analyses of variance for proportions of voles and total voles captured within enclosures yielded significant main effects for rodenticide. Program CAPTURE estimates also confirmed significant decreases in vole populations in Zn₃P₂-baited enclosures. Daily carcass searches yielded 25 and 5 vole carcasses, respectively, in the Zn₃P₂ and control enclosures during the bait-exposure period. Three non-target carcasses were found within enclosures during this period: one Savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) and two vagrant shrews (Sorex vagrans). Results demonstrate the efficacy and low hazards to non-target passerines of a single Zn₃P₂ baiting to control vole populations in alfalfa.     

李光博院士在蝗虫治理研究与实践中的贡献——纪念李光博院士诞辰100周年

本文回顾了李光博院士在20世纪50年代对中国蝗虫治理研究与实践中的重要工作,包括蝗区发生情况的实地调查、蝗虫识别、防治飞蝗和土蝗技术的研究与推广示范等。李光博院士总结并探讨了毒饵治理飞蝗的经验和问题,研究提出了“利用青鲜毒饵防治土蝗”的新技术,并提出了新的治蝗方针,对于控制蝗虫灾害和保障我国粮食安全做出了重要贡献。     

Current studies on Atherigona indica - a pest of wheat

Abstract

THE PESTICIDE MANUAL. A WORLD COMPENDIUM. Edited by C. R. Worthing. British Crop Protection Council, Croydon, 1979. ISBN 0 901436 44 5. Pp. 655. Price £20.00.

WHO'S WHO IN WORLD AGRICULTURE. 2 volumes. Editorial staff, Francis Hodgson. Longmans, London and Harlow, 1979. ISBN 0 582 90106 5. Pp. 831. Price £75.00.

CARIBBEAN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE. Book 1. Principles. Book 2. Practices. A. I. Henry. MacMillan Caribbean Ltd, Basingstoke, 1979. ISBN 0 333 233891. Pp. 202 (book 1), 216 (book 2). Price £2.25 (book 1), £2.30 (book 2).

ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS AND SAMPLING OF HELIOTHIS SPECIES ON COTTON, CORN, SOYBEANS AND OTHER HOST PLANTS. Compiled by Economic Thresholds and Sampling Subcommittee (Chairman W. L. Sterling). Southern Co-operative Series Bulletin No. 231, Texas A and M University, College Station, Texas, 1979. Pp. 159.

FUNGICIDES IN PLANT DISEASE CONTROL. Second edition. Y. L. Nene and P. N. Thapliyal. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1979. Pp. 508. Price Indian Rs. 15.75

INTRODUCTION TO WEED SCIENCE. Beatriz L. Mercado. Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture, Laguna, Philippines, 1979. Pp. 292. Price, not known

GRASS WEEDS IN WORLD AGRICULTURE — IDENTIFICATION IN THE FLOWERLESS STATE. S. Behrendt and M. Hanf, BASF, Ludwigshafen, 1979. Pp. 160. Price £5.20.

SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION. P. Stem. International Irrigation Information Center, Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd., London 1979. ISBN 0 903031 64 7. Pp. 152. Price £3.95.

SEEING &; PERCEIVING: FILMS IN A WORLD OF CHANGE. Neil Taylor and Robin Richardson. Concord Films Council, 201 Felixstowe Road, Ipswich, Suffolk IP3 9BJ, England. 1979. ISBN 0 950600 0 0. Pp. 36. Price 60p.     

Development of Dry Artificial Fish Bait for Trap Fishing Using Tuna Red Meat and Shrimp Head Wastes

ABSTRACT

This study developed and evaluated dry artificial fish bait for trap fishing utilizing tuna red meat (TRM) and shrimp head powder (SHP), aiming to replace the usage of edible fishes, such as sardines and squids, as bait. A total of 23 dry baits were prepared and tested for stability in seawater and acceptance by tilapia. Based on the stability and acceptability test results, two baits were selected as ideal and were further tested for protein leaching and dry matter loss in seawater. The tests revealed that the stick-shaped bait containing 61% TRM and 15% SHP was the ideal bait, with a protein leaching rate of 24.82 mg/g/h and dry matter loss of 36.6 mg/g/h. The catch rate of the traps baited with the artificial fish bait was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those baited with squid meat (17 Nos/trap) and sardines (23 Nos/trap). Further, the catch rate of traps baited with artificial bait (38 Nos/trap) was found to be comparable with those baited with raw shrimp head wastes (SHW) (40 Nos/trap). When the bait was concentrated with 0.1% sodium benzoate, shelf life was extended by up to 6 months.