多联疫苗特异化饵料对草鱼免疫保护的研究

通过草鱼苗口服疫苗特异化饵料，草鱼获得免疫抗体，接种１００ｄ 后，在病原的攻击下，免疫组比对照组有明显的抗病性，相对保护力在有效免疫浓度下可达６７％ ～８９％ 。     

草原灭鼠毒饵喷撒机悬挂架的结构性能试验

在JDT-654式拖拉机背负式草原灭鼠毒饵喷撒机[1]的结构设计中,三点悬挂架的结构性能试验是验证结构设计合理性、有限元分析和优化设计的重要环节。为此,从动力学理论出发,采用黑龙江省农业机械工程科学研究院生产的田间机械动力学参数遥测仪采集背负式草原灭鼠毒饵喷撒机在草原灭鼠作用时进行了试验,采集的数据为草原灭鼠毒饵喷撒机三点悬挂架的优化设计和强度校核奠定了基础。     

Efficacy of male scent glands and urine in masking poison bait odour in female house rats, Rattus rattus

Experiments were carried out to possibly reduce bait shyness of female house rats by masking the poison (rodenticide-Zn₃P₂) with male pheromonal gland secretions, i.e. preputial/cheek glands and urine. The poison bait mixed with the extract of preputial and cheek glands, and urine was found to be effective in masking poison bait shyness. Preputial and cheek gland extracts cumulatively mixed with poison bait increased the poison bait consumption and consequently the mortality of female rats. The results reveal that among three pheromone sources, preputial gland extract was the most effective followed by urine and cheek gland extract. The results further reveal that the urine and glandular secretion from male origin may have the ability to increase the poison bait acceptance in female rats probably by altering the taste memory by pheromone odours.     

The use of European river lamprey as bait by the UK coarse predator angling community

Recreational fishing is a commonplace leisure activity within the developed world but can generate tension when activities conflict with conservation agendas. A potential conflict arises over the use of European river lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis (L.), a protected species, by UK coarse (freshwater non-salmonid) predator anglers. This study used geographically stratified interviews with 69 predator anglers to explore attitudes towards the use of lamprey as bait, their conservation status and knowledge of biosecurity regulations. Most participants used lamprey as bait to some degree and agreed that, if threatened by exploitation, a ban on their use as angling bait should be implemented. Ordinal regression analysis indicated the presence of a subset of anglers who value lamprey as bait more than others and may oppose conservation efforts. The benefits of the potential establishment of bait certification schemes are also considered.     

Production of UV-light-detectable faeces from house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) after consumption of encapsulated fluorescent pigment in monitoring bait

BACKGROUND: The authors investigated whether fluorescent pigment in thermoset melamine microcapsules incorporated into monitoring baits would be excreted in the faeces of wild house mice in a quantity and intensity that would be detectable by a human observer. RESULTS: Experimental mice produced 24–116 UV‐visible faecal pellets per 24 h; the mean dry weight was 582 mg. The number and weight of the faeces was independent of mouse sex and weight. The defecation of UV‐visible faeces began at 2–3 h, peaked at 5–8 h and was complete at 17 h after bait ingestion. The detectability of the highly fluorescent faecal pellets using a small UV flashlight approached 100%, and no false positives were recorded. CONCLUSION: The tested formulation is of significant value for rodent pest monitoring because faeces that are highly visible by UV light are produced for 15 h by mice after ingestion, and their detection is easy and unambiguous. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Short- and long-term control of Vespula pensylvanica in Hawaii by fipronil baiting

BACKGROUND: The invasive western yellowjacket wasp, Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure), has significantly impacted the ecological integrity and human welfare of Hawaii. The goals of the present study were (1) to evaluate the immediate and long‐term efficacy of a 0.1% fipronil chicken bait on V. pensylvanica populations in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, (2) to quantify gains in efficacy using the attractant heptyl butyrate in the bait stations and (3) to measure the benefits of this approach for minimizing non‐target impacts to other arthropods. RESULTS: The 0.1% fipronil chicken bait reduced the abundance of V. pensylvanica by 95 ± 1.2% during the 3 months following treatment and maintained a population reduction of 60.9 ± 3.1% a year after treatment in the fipronil‐treated sites when compared with chicken‐only sites. The addition of heptyl butyrate to the bait stations significantly increased V. pensylvanica forager visitation and bait take and significantly reduced the non‐target impacts of fipronil baiting. CONCLUSION: In this study, 0.1% fipronil chicken bait with the addition of heptyl butyrate was found to be an extremely effective large‐scale management strategy and provided the first evidence of a wasp suppression program impacting Vepsula populations a year after treatment. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Methiocarb poisoning of a horse in Australia

Snail bait poisoning is rare in horses. Cases have been reported, but clinical signs and subsequent prognostic indicators have been poorly documented and must be extrapolated from cases in companion animals. We describe in detail the poisoning of a horse that consumed a lethal dose of the carbamate, methiocarb. There are currently no guidelines for treating equine methiocarb toxicoses, but the principles of management are based on supportive therapy.     

生物灭鼠新探索—制备芸香毒饵降低小鼠生育的实验研究

芸香（Rutag raveolens）是一种药用植物,有良好避孕效果,制成植物灭鼠剂,为植物灭鼠剂的大批量生产和应用提供理论基础。实验把芸香全草包煎制成水煎剂,制成毒饵,孕前和孕后分别饲喂小鼠,观察体重变化、怀孕率和流产率。统计分析结果,毒饵组与对照组比,体重变化差异不显著,怀孕率明显降低,流产率明显增高。结论：芸香毒饵可以有效的抑制小鼠繁殖速度。     

几种毒饵对红火蚁的室内诱杀药效试验

阿维菌素、吡丙醚、氟虫腈、吡虫啉、毒死蜱和氟磺酰胺等6种毒饵在室内对红火蚁进行诱杀实验结果表明：氟磺酰胺和吡丙醚的药效均属于慢性,较适于作为红火蚁防控根除的诱杀毒饵药剂;阿维菌素和吡虫啉的药效介于急、慢性之间;而氟虫腈、毒死蜱属于急性毒杀药剂,不适于作为红火蚁诱杀毒饵.其中0.5%氟磺酰胺饵剂作为广西红火蚁发生区的面上防治药剂已取得显著控制效果.     

3种饲料对丝足鲈幼鱼生长的影响

探讨了3种不同饲料,即黄粉虫(A)、颗粒饲料2号(B)、颗粒饲料3号(C)对丝足鲈幼鱼生长的影响。用3种饲料养殖丝足鲈幼鱼30 d,进行生长对比试验。结果表明:在蛋白质效率上,试验组A(329.21%)>试验组B(145.09%)>试验组C(98.97%);在增重率上,投喂黄粉虫的试验组A增重最多,增重率为64.09%,其次是试验组B,增重率为52.23%,试验组C增重率最小,增重率为28.50%,其变化趋势与蛋白质效率的变化相同。综合蛋白质效率、增重率、饵料系数和经济成本等指标来看,可以选用2号颗粒饲料作为丝足鲈幼鱼的日常养殖饲料。