Rodenticide grain bait ingredient acceptance by Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) and pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae)

Vertebrate pest control in California is often accomplished through the use of rodenticide grain baits. These grain baits are composed of steam-rolled oats (SRO), a toxicant, an indicator dye and an oil combination. A series of tests were performed to determine the effects of various dye and oil formulations on acceptance of grain bait by Norway rats [Rattus norvegicus (Berk)], California ground squirrels [Spermophilus beecheyi (Richardson)] and pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae Eyd & Gerv). Seven different dyes, four oil formulations and clean (untreated) oats were tested for acceptance. The addition of the selected oils and dyes to grain resulted in no significant differences in consumption. This indicates that there is a wide variety of dyes that could be used in the formulation of rodenticides. These alternatives could aid in proper pesticide use, the deterrence of bait consumption by birds and possibly in ingredient adhesion to the finished bait.     

新城疫病毒V蛋白C端酵母双杂交诱饵质粒的构建与鉴定

为构建新城疫病毒(NDV)V蛋白C端酵母双杂交诱饵质粒,用RNA试剂盒提取NDV F48E9株的RNA,通过反转录试剂盒将抽提的RNA反转录,以反转录合成的eDNA为模板,通过PCR扩增,获得V蛋白C端基因(VCTD).通过酶切连接的方法将V蛋白C端基因克隆至pGBKT7载体上,命名为pGBKT7-VCTD.将pGBKT7-VCTD转化酵母Y2H Gold酵母感受态细胞,转化产物涂布营养缺陷型平板,观察平板上菌落生长情况,判定诱饵质粒有无自激活能力:同时挑取平板上的生长的菌落接种液体培养基培养,绘制生长曲线,判定pGBKT7-VCTD诱饵质粒有无毒性.酶切和测序结果表明,成功构建pGBKT7-VCTD诱饵质粒,且该诱饵质粒在酵母细胞中无毒性和自激活能力.本研究成功构建了pGBKT7-VCTD诱饵质粒,为筛选NDVV蛋白C端纳米抗体奠定基础.     

用于筛选植物PGIP的酵母双杂交PGase诱饵载体

对真菌抗性较强的植物能利用自身的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白（polygalacturonase—inhibiting protein，PGIP）来抑制真菌分泌的、降解植物细胞壁的主要物质——多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（polygalacturonase，PGase）的活性,目前，快速、有效的获取植物PGIP的方法是通过酵母双杂交技术来进行的，而这首先要获得真菌PGase的酵母诱饵载体．以真菌——互格链格孢PGase的cDNA的为基础，将其克隆到MATCHMAKER LexA Two—Hybrid System的诱饵载体中，并将诱饵载体（pLexA—PGase）成功转化酵母菌株EGY478[p8op-lacZ]，经检测无自激活作用，可直接用于快速、大量地筛选植物PGIP．     

蛋白饵剂对橘小实蝇辐照不育雄虫的引诱作用

以橘小实蝇为研究对象,研究蛋白饵剂对不同日龄、不同释放密度不育雄虫的引诱作用,以及施用蛋白饵剂后不同时间、添加多杀菌素对不育雄虫的引诱效果。结果表明,蛋白饵剂对不育雄虫的引诱率明显低于同日龄正常雄虫,5日龄时最高,分别为36.24%和48.93%,且随着日龄的增加,引诱率会不同程度下降。不育雄虫释放密度对引诱率无显著影响,0.25～1.00头/m2的释放密度下引诱率为33%～58%。不论是挂瓶法引诱,还是混入0.02%多杀菌素后点喷,蛋白饵剂对不育雄虫的引诱效果均随蛋白饵剂施用天数的增加而逐渐下降,挂瓶法前2d引诱的不育雄虫数量占总引诱数量的65%,添加多杀菌素法该比例则达到80%,5d后这2种方法不再有引诱效果。残留的多杀菌素对不育雄虫无触杀作用。     

Evaluation of artificial and natural baits for the pot fishery of the sand crab Ovalipes punctatus (De Haan, 1833)

We compared the luring effectiveness of artificial bait made from fish waste with natural baits in pots targeting the sand crab Ovalipes punctatus in the East China Sea. Bait types used were fish (mackerel), minced fish (heads of greenling) and two artificial baits made mostly from fish waste and starch. The first two need frozen storage but artificial bait does not. Three fishing operations were conducted in May 2010 and in each forty pots (10/treatment) were fastened along a bottom line. Results for the three operations had catch data for 30 pots/treatment. The number of crabs captured was 496, of which 206 (41.5%) were caught in pots containing fish, 116 (23.4%) in those with minced bait, and 93 (18.8%) and 81(16.3%) in pots baited with the two artificial baits, respectively. Fish was significantly more attractive than minced bait and artificial baits, but no differences were detected between the other baits. Natural baits disappeared almost entirely by the time of hauling, with only 1% of the fish and 5.3% of the minced bait remaining; artificial bait remained almost intact (96.3–100%). The artificial bait catch was approximately half of that of fish bait, but it only contained 30% fish waste. Furthermore, if catch returns are calculated according to the bait's fish content their efficiency seemed higher, ranging from 88 to 100 crabs/kg of fish waste vs only 69 crabs/kg of fish.     

农田蟋蟀种类发生规律及防治技术初步研究

近几年来，蟋蟀在青州市及周围地区发生普遍，为害日趋严重，成为为害大豆、谷子、小麦秋苗等农作物和秋菜的主要害虫。受青州市科委委托，对农田蟋蟀种类、发生规律及防治技术进行研究。研究结果，发生种类７种，分属于２个亚科、５个属。北京油葫芦等为优势种，１ａ１代，成若虫共６龄。青饵诱杀及喷药防治效果达７５％～１００％。     

Large-area field application confirms the effectiveness of toxicant-infused bait for managing Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in maize fields

The cover image is based on the Research Article Large-area field application confirms the effectiveness of toxicant-infused bait for managing Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in maize fields by Liying Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7756 .

     

蟹塘双体投饵船行驶阻力分析及船型优化

采用双体投饵船是实现蟹塘遍撒投饵的可行方案之一。在航道存在水草的情况下,为减小巡航阻力、提升投饵船续航能力,设计尖底和圆棱底2种新型船底型线,并基于雷诺平均方程,构建船体在不同吃水深度和速度下的动力学计算模型。以平底船为对照船体,对比分析CFD数值计算与水池试验阻力,数据误差在9.6%以内,显示了计算模型的有效性。计算结果表明:圆棱底船在船速0.50~2.00 m/s时具有更好的减阻效果,与平底船相比减阻率在3.92%~16.27%;圆棱底船能减小底面与水草的滑动摩擦阻力;投饵船经济船速应小于1.50 m/s,经济吃水深度应小于0.18 m。所研发的圆棱底船的进一步测试结果表明了所提优化方案的有效性。     

氟吡呋喃酮对红火蚁的毒力及其亚致死效应

为评估新型新烟碱类杀虫剂氟吡呋喃酮对红火蚁Solenopsis invicta的毒力及其亚致死效应，通过点滴法和胃毒法测定氟吡呋喃酮对红火蚁工蚁的毒力，并使用饲喂法评估亚致死浓度的氟吡呋喃酮对红火蚁蚁群增长、取食能力、爬行速率和攀附能力以及拒食作用的影响。结果显示，氟吡呋喃酮对红火蚁的致死中量和致死中浓度分别为0.51μg/头和61.14μg/mL。20μg/mL氟吡呋喃酮处理红火蚁14 d后，其死亡率达到100.00%，糖水消耗量、蝗虫消耗量也显著降低。4μg/mL氟吡呋喃酮处理红火蚁21 d后，其死亡率为43.26%，显著高于对照组的27.32%，蝗虫消耗量在处理28 d后显著低于对照组。双向选择测定结果显示，在1～7 d内红火蚁对20μg/mL和4μg/mL的氟吡呋喃酮糖水溶液并不会产生拒食行为，但20μg/mL和4μg/mL氟吡呋喃酮会显著降低红火蚁的攀附率和爬行速率。表明氟吡呋喃酮是一种对红火蚁具有较好防控潜力、可用于开发成毒饵的药剂。