Intussusception following methiocarb toxicity in three dogs

Objective: To report intussusception as a complication of methiocarb toxicity in dogs and discuss possible risk factors. Series summary: Intestinal intussusception was diagnosed from 24 hours to 18 days following symptomatic treatment of methiocarb toxicity in three dogs. All cases had persistent clinical signs of methiocarb toxicity despite initial treatment and attempts to eliminate residual toxin. Cases 1 and 3 recovered uneventfully following supportive care, enterectomy of the affected bowel and end‐to‐end anastamosis. All dogs were <8 months of age. New information provided: Details of three cases of methiocarb toxicity that later developed intussusception and possible risk factors in these cases.     

Grain,pellet and wax block bait take by the house mouse (Mus musculus) and non‐target species: implications for mouse eradications on coral cay islands

Introduced rodents have been eradicated from large numbers of offshore islands using toxic baits; however, toxic baits have been linked with negative impacts on non‐target species. The present study assessed the bait take of target (house mouse, Mus musculus) and non‐target (buff banded rail, Rallus philippensis) animals on Northwest and Heron Islands in the Great Barrier Reef. Three non‐toxic bait formulations (wax block, pellet and grain) were tested and each was applied at 1 kg ha^?1 in six treatment grids. The tracks of animals visiting the baits were identified using 30 tracking stations per treatment grid. A tracking station consisted of a track‐board placed in the centre of a sand‐pad. Mean bait take differed significantly between the formulations: birds took more grain bait than wax block bait; mice took more wax block than grain bait. Both mice and birds were equally selective of pellet bait. Thus, the findings indicate that wax blocks are the most suitable formulation for future baiting programs to eradicate mice on these and other islands.     

狂犬病现状、危害与防制思路

简要介绍了国内外狂犬病病毒(RV)的研究进展,特别是我国大陆地区人、犬、猫、鹿和毛皮兽中的狐、貉、狼、獾狂犬病的流行状况与特点。并对我国在狂犬病防制中存在的问题,提出了诸如加强宣传,提高民众的公益意识,完善法律法规,实施对犬猫强制免疫,提高免疫质量等狂犬病防制的建议。     

3种诱饵材料对C型肉毒梭菌外毒素灭鼠效果的研究

为了提高C型肉毒梭菌外毒素燕麦毒饵的采食率和灭鼠效果,对韭菜、葱和白菜3种诱饵材料的添加效果进行研究。结果表明:3种诱饵材料均在一定程度上起到了提高毒饵采食率的效果,其中韭菜的诱导效果最佳,采食率和灭洞率较对照分别提高了34.7%和12.5%,较白菜分别提高了29.4%和5.4%,较葱分别提高了17.0%和5.5%。     

复配高效灭蟑胶饵对蟑螂的防治效果研究

[目的]测定复配高效灭蟑胶饵的防治效果。[方法]采用粘捕法进行现场蟑螂密度测定,现场施用复配高效灭蟑胶饵,观察施药前后蟑螂密度变化,评价杀灭效果。[结果]蟑螂种类均为德国小蠊,并且操作间中蟑螂密度最高。施用该灭蟑胶饵后,蟑螂平均在1.25 min就可以寻找到食物并且在6.50 min出现中毒现象,19.50 min后死亡;施药8 d后,灭杀率达80%以上;60 d后灭杀率达95%以上。[结论]该胶饵1次投药后对蟑螂有良好的杀灭效果,使用方便、安全,可推广应用。     

Efficacy of noviflumuron gel bait for control of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)-laboratory studies

The insecticidal activity of a cockroach gel bait containing a chitin synthesis inhibitor, noviflumuron, was evaluated using laboratory and field strains of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). Noviflumuron gel bait (0.01-5 mg g(-1)) caused > or = 90% nymphal mortality to laboratory and field strains of B. germanica in choice tests after 11 and 19 days of continuous exposure respectively. In 1 m x 1 m bioassay arenas, laboratory strain B. germanica population levels exposed to 5 mg g(-1) noviflumuron bait or 0.1 mg g(-1) fipronil gel bait were significantly lower than untreated population levels after 3 weeks and 1 week of exposure respectively. Various noviflumuron bait exposure periods (2, 4 and 7 weeks) caused similar population reductions, with a mean of 99.3 (+/- 0.3)% at 7 weeks. Fipronil gel bait caused 100% population reduction at 2 weeks post-exposure. The control population increased 89.0% at 7 weeks. In a simulated kitchen experiment with mixed stage laboratory populations, cockroach trap catches decreased 96.8 (+/- 2.0)% at 8 weeks in the 0.5 mg g(-1) noviflumuron bait treatment. The trap catches in the control increased 506.5 (+/- 493.7)% during the same period. Trap catch reduction by 0.1 mg g(-1) fipronil gel bait reached 100% at 4 weeks. Noviflumuron bait caused significantly lower nymph/total ratios to B. germanica populations in bioassay arenas from 2 weeks after exposure, demonstrating its effectiveness as a control agent for B. germanica with a pattern of activity similar to that expected from a chitin synthesis inhibitor.     

Efficacy of attract‐and‐kill devices for the control of Ceratitis capitata

BACKGROUND: The control of Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann traditionally has relied on chemical control with organophosphate insecticides. The use of many of these substances has been banned by new European directives; therefore, the development of new control methods is essential to manage this pest. Bait sprays with spinosad, mass trapping and lure‐and‐kill techniques have been the base for new integrated pest management programmes. In this study, a 2 year field trial was conducted in two citrus areas to test the efficacy of attract‐and‐kill devices against mass trapping and spinosad‐plus‐bait treatments. RESULTS: The Magnet^® MED attract‐and‐kill device, Spintor^® treatments and mass trapping achieved good control of C. capitata populations, as confirmed by low percentages of damaged fruit in the assessments performed during the harvest period. On the other hand, fly population levels on plots treated with other attract‐and‐kill prototype devices increased more than threefold by comparison with the populations recorded in the rest of the treated plots. The same effect was observed for fruit damage, with 6–8 times less damage with Magnet^® MED and spinosad treatments, respectively, than with the attract‐and‐kill prototype devices. CONCLUSION: By using an effective attractant, conventional trapping systems can be replaced with cheaper and easier‐to‐handle attract‐and‐kill devices. The efficacy of these devices and their advantages over conventional mass trapping systems are discussed. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同初次投饵时间对云斑尖塘鳢仔鱼生长和成活的影响

利用人工孵化的云斑尖塘鳢初孵仔鱼,在水温30(±1)℃条件下对其进行不同初次投饵试验,研究其仔鱼生长和成活情况.结果表明,云斑尖塘鳢部分仔鱼在破膜后第2d开口摄食,3日龄开始投饵组的仔鱼相对于其他试验组生长较好.仔鱼初次摄食率为5.56％,5日龄仔鱼初次摄食率最高,混合营养期为3d.仔鱼的不可逆点(PNR)出现在孵出后的第5.5～6 d之间,各组在第7、8d仔鱼日死亡率最高.云斑尖塘鳢仔鱼最佳初次投饵时间为3日龄.     

饵剂控制黑胸散白蚁群体的效果

黑胸散白蚁Reticulitermes chinensis是危害名木古树的重要害虫,在其主要灭治药物——灭蚁灵饵剂被禁止使用的情况下,为了寻找效果良好的黑胸散白蚁防治饵剂,在江苏南京和安徽合肥的郊区林地内,对5．0 g·kg^-1氟铃脲杀白蚁饵剂、1．0 g·kg^-1氟啶脲杀白蚁浓饵剂、1．0 g·kg^-1杀铃脲饵剂和0．8 g·kg^-1氟虫胺杀白蚁饵片防治黑胸散白蚁的效果进行了研究。结果表明：在林地内黑胸散白蚁离巢活动的范围为0．15～2．10 m,1个巢群的个体数量为17 422～158 731头。5．0 g·kg^-1氟铃脲杀白蚁饵剂、1．0 g·kg^-1氟啶脲杀白蚁浓饵剂和1．0 g·kg^-1杀铃脲饵剂对黑胸散白蚁巢群具有100％的灭杀效果,将1个巢群全部消灭所需的饵剂数量分别为93．6,107．9和82．5 g,整个巢群个体全部死亡所需要的时间分别为152～305,152～365和244～305 d。0．8 g·kg^-1氟虫胺杀白蚁饵片只能杀灭部分黑胸散白蚁巢群,且将在近年内被淘汰。表1参16     

不同供饵条件下网养草鱼生长效果的初步研究

通过对6种不同供饵条件下网箱养草鱼试验结果的分析,探讨了不同供饵条件对草鱼营养生长特性的影响.结果表明:配方合理的草鱼用膨化饲料加适量青料投喂组网箱草鱼生长效果最明显,每尾是均增重高达12.2081;主蛋白饲料豆饼、棉饼、菜饼按1.00∶1.25∶3.75的比例进行配方较合理;试验网箱鱼肌肉、血液、肝脏的总糖、总脂、总蛋白质含量均高于同规格池塘草鱼的相应指标,肝脏总脂含量虽高但非“脂肪肝”.