5种植物源农药对黄脊竹蝗毒力及毒饵的制备与防治效果

为揭示5种植物源农药对黄脊竹蝗毒力强度,探寻制备诱杀黄脊竹蝗成虫新型毒饵的方法,采用碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵和氯化铵与5种植物源农药混合制备毒饵,并进行诱杀黄脊竹蝗成虫试验。结果表明：5种农药对黄脊竹蝗均有良好的致死作用,1%苦参·藜芦碱可溶液、1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油、0.5%藜芦碱可溶液、1.5%苦参碱可溶液和4%鱼藤酮乳油对黄脊竹蝗跳蝻和成虫的LC₅₀依次为1.527、0.856、1.931、0.927、1.602 mg/L和1.767、0.957、2.176、1.126、1.825 mg/L;碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵和氯化铵水溶液可代替人尿作为引诱剂,其最佳浓度配比为70、80和90 g/L,5种植物源农药可代替化学药剂作为胃毒剂,胃毒剂与引诱剂的体积比：1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油和1.5%苦参碱可溶液均为1∶30,1%苦参·藜芦碱可溶液和4%鱼藤酮乳油均为1∶20,0.5%藜芦碱可溶液为1∶15。本研究提出的毒饵制备方法,可广泛用于大量诱杀黄脊竹蝗成虫,可为黄脊竹蝗的无公害防治乃至综合防治提供借鉴。     

轮虫培养技术研究进展

综述了近年来轮虫培养技术方面的研究进展,重点介绍了轮虫培养饵料选择、最佳培养条件的摸索、轮虫高密度培养、休眠卵利用、轮虫营养强化技术等方面的研究进展。     

宁德市大黄鱼成鱼养殖现状及对策

针对福建省宁德市大黄鱼成鱼的养殖现状,即养殖方式、养殖规模、养殖周期、饵料使用和大黄鱼养殖效益,阐述了宁德市大黄鱼养殖存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策.     

不同浓度啤酒废酵母酶解蛋白与硼砂组合对橘小实蝇的捕杀效果

于阳桃园和番石榴园,田间测定了不同浓度啤酒废酵母酶解蛋白与硼砂组合对橘小实蝇的诱捕和诱杀效果。结果表明:在诱捕和诱杀试验中,随着蛋白浓度和硼砂浓度的增加,酶解蛋白硼砂组合对橘小实蝇的捕杀数量呈逐渐增加趋势,以25 g/L蛋白、0.09 mol/L硼砂组合最高。通过诱捕和诱杀试验确定啤酒废酵母酶解蛋白的最佳田间使用浓度为20~25 g/L,硼砂的添加量为0.06~0.12 mol/L。     

Antibody response to Raboral VR-G® oral rabies vaccine in captive and free-ranging black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas)

Rabies is a zoonotic disease that remains endemic in large parts of southern Africa because of its persistence in wildlife and domestic dog vectors. The black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) is primarily the wildlife vector responsible for rabies outbreaks in northern parts of South Africa. Two trials were carried out to investigate antibody responses to the oral rabies vaccine Raboral V-RG® in black-backed jackals under captive and free-ranging conditions. In captive jackals 10/12 (83%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 52% – 98%), seroconverted after single oral vaccination. Nine captive jackals had protective antibody titres (> 0.5 IU/mL) at 4 weeks (median: 2.1 IU/mL; inter quartile range [IQR]: 0.6–5.7) and 10 jackals had at 12 weeks (median: 3.5 IU/mL; IQR: 1.5–8.3) and three maintained antibody titres for up to 48 weeks (median: 3.4 IU/mL; IQR: 2.0–6.3). Four sites were baited with Raboral V-RG® vaccine for wild jackals, using fishmeal polymer and chicken heads. Baits were distributed by hand or from vehicle at three sites in north-eastern South Africa, with an average baiting density of 4.4 baits/km² and at one site in central South Africa, at 0.12 baits/km². This resulted in protective antibody titres in 3/11 jackals (27%; 95% Cl: 6–61) trapped between 3 and 12 months after baiting in north-eastern South Africa, compared with 4/7 jackals (57%; 95% Cl: 18–90) trapped after 3–18 months in central South Africa. This study shows the potential utility of oral rabies vaccination for the control of wildlife-associated rabies in north-eastern and central South Africa, but extensive studies with wider distribution of bait are needed to assess its potential impact on rabies control in wild jackals.     

Evaluation of PCR,IEF and ELISA techniques for the detection and identification of potato cyst nematodes from field soil samples in England and Wales

Effective management of potato cyst nematodes (PCNs) requires simple, rapid and accurate identification and quantification of field populations. Soil samples from a survey of 484 fields in potato rotations in England and Wales were used to compare the identification and quantification of PCNs using IEF, PCR, ELISA and bait plant tests. The cyst counts and bait plant test revealed that 64.3% of field samples contained PCNs. Bait plant tests increased the detection rate of PCNs in field samples by 4–6.4%. This means that some infestations are cryptic and would not normally be detected by standard counts. IEF, PCR and ELISA methods distinguished between Globodera rostochiensis and G pallida and were able to register mixed populations; however they were not in full agreement. All methods suggested that G pallida is the dominant species in the field samples tested. The PCR results indicated that 66% of field samples contained pure G pallida, 8% contained pure G rostochiensis and 26% contained mixtures of the two species. Estimates of the relative process times taken per sample in the PCR, IEF and ELISA techniques are given. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of diphacinone on blood coagulation in Spermophilus beecheyi as a basis for determining optimal timing of field bait applications

The effect was determined of a single dose of 2 mg kg-1 diphacinone on three blood-clotting parameters [Prothrombin Time (PT), Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT), and Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence or Antagonists (PIVKA)] over a 120-h period in California ground squirrels, Spermophilus beecheyi. Diphacinone resulted in elevated PT, PTT and PIVKA within 24 h of squirrels receiving the dose. The most significant change was observed 72 h after dosing. As time following diphacinone dosing increased, there was higher individual variation in blood-clotting time. We suggest that increasing the interval between field bait applications should still result in squirrel mortality but reduce the potential for secondary hazards that may occur when squirrels have the opportunity to consume more than one lethal dose of diphacinone.     

PRSV NIa-pro、NIa-vpg、NIb酵母双杂交诱饵表达载体的构建及自激活检测

用PCR技术获得NIa-pro、NIa-vpg、NIb基因片段,将这些基因分别克隆到pBD-GAL4载体中,构建酵母双杂交系统的诱饵载体pBD-GAL4-NIa-pro、pBD-GAL4-NIa-vpg和pBD-GAL4-NIb.测序正确后,将重组质粒导入YRG-2酵母菌株,检测其表达产物对酵母细胞有无毒性及对报告基因有无激活作用.结果表明,获得了正确的NIa-pro、NIa-vpg、NIb基因片段,并成功克隆到pBD-GAL4诱饵载体中,且转化有诱饵载体的YRG-2在SD/-Trp营养缺陷平板上生长良好,说明表达产物对酵母细胞无毒性,对报告基因也无自激活作用,为下一步利用酵母双杂交系统检测与NIa-pro、NIa-vpg、NIb蛋白相互作用的蛋白奠定基础.     

进口牙鲆工厂化养殖及鱼病防治试验

１９９４年６月中旬从韩国出口７～１３ｇ／尾牙鲆苗８万尾，利用室内循环水锅炉升温进行工厂化养殖９个月，平均体重５００ｇ以上，达到商品规格，养殖过程中，试验了放养密度，投饵，水质管理及腹水病，纤毛虫病的防治技术。     

不同毒力传染性法氏囊病病毒衣壳蛋白酵母双杂交诱饵载体的构建及鉴定简

传染性法氏囊病病毒（infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV）毒株Gx（超强毒株）、F9（中等毒力毒株）、Gt（弱毒株）遗传背景高度相似,但生物学性状差异显著。为研究不同毒力毒株与宿主细胞相互作用的分子细节,本研究将IBDV Gx、F9、Gt毒株的衣壳蛋白VP2基因克隆入pGBKT7载体,分别构建了诱饵载体pGBGxVP2、pGBF9VP2和pGBGtVP2。经Matchmaker Gold Yeast Two-hybrid System验证,结果显示所构建的3个诱饵载体均无自激活作用,对酵母细胞无毒性作用。本研究为利用酵母双杂交系统深入研究IBDV与宿主相互作用奠定了基础。