Preparation of Denitrifying Phosphorus Accumulating Bacterial Seed Liquid and Analysis of Phosphorus Removal Mechanism

In order to control the water eutrophication, microorganism agents with high capability of denitrifying phosphorus accumulation are required. A denitrifying poly-phosphate accumulating organisms(DNPAOS), B8(Pseudomonas putida sp.)was isolated from activated sludge in oxidation ditch of Anhui Tianchang wastewater treatment plant. Intracellular polyphosphate granule(Poly-P)dyeing method was used to optimize the culture conditions of Poly-P-producing Pseudomonas putida strain B8 seed liquid. The results showed that the appropriate culture conditions were as follow: pH value and temperature ranged from 6.5 to 7.0 and 30~32 ℃m respectively. The saturation values of dissolved oxygen varied from 70% to 88%(when velocity was in range of 120~140 r/min), 15~20 h proved to be the cultivation time. The seed liquid produced by B8 showed high phosphorus uptake rate in the processes of anaerobic-anoxic and anaerobic-aerobic in wastewater(89.73% and 94.09% respectively)In the anaerobic-anoxic process, the highest nitrate removal efficiency was 53.48%. Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)extracting method and analysis of phosphorus removal characterization revealed that phosphorus removal was mainly caused by intracellular uptake, rather than by extracellular biological adsorption.     

Mapping of quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to bacterial wilt in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Tobacco bacterial wilt (TBW) is one of the most serious tobacco diseases in the world. Studies have shown that tobacco resistance to TBW is quantitatively inherited. This study aimed to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring TBW resistance. An F_2 : 3 population containing 237 lines was developed from a cross between two flue‐cured tobacco cultivars, ‘Yanyan 97’ (YY97; moderately resistant to TBW) and ‘Honghua Dajinyuan’ (HD; highly susceptible to TBW), and a linkage map consisting of 201 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and spanning a total length of 2326.7 cM was constructed based on the population. Field experiments were conducted 2011 and 2012, and disease symptoms were investigated three times in each year. The phenotypic data were analysed either separately or jointly for QTL mapping using the software QTLNetwork 2.1. Eight QTL with significant main effects were mapped on chromosomes 2, 6, 12, 17 and 24. A major QTL (qBWR17a) was detected on chromosome 17, which explained up to 30% of the phenotypic variation. The results can facilitate marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in TBW resistance breeding programme.     

姜瘟病发生规律调查及防治建议

通过对舒城、铜陵、临泉、体宁等主要栽姜区姜瘟病发生规律的调查、病原菌鉴定和防治研究,明确了引起姜瘟病的病原菌为姜青枯假单胞菌,除少数菌株属生物型Ⅲ外都为生物型Ⅳ。新栽姜区的菌原主要来自带病种姜,而老姜区土壤带菌和带病种姜都是主要侵染源。病害发生与轮作、种姜处理、气候、姜田管理、土质、施肥等关系密切。采取轮作、选留无病种姜建立留种田、种姜处理、加强田间管理等,结合大田期药物防治能有效的控制病害。     

分子标记辅助选择改良杂交水稻的白叶枯病抗性

分子标记辅助选择技术以其对目标基因快速而精确的选择为回交育种提供了非常有效的工具。华中农业大学作物遗传改良实验室运用分子标记辅助的回交育种方法,将广谱高抗白叶枯病基因Ｚａ２１迅速导入到杂交水稻的两个优良恢复系明灰６３和６０７８之中,成功地完成了其抗生改良,并通过配组而达到了改良杂交水稻抗性的目的。本研究所运用的分子标记辅助的水稻回交育种程序是：通过一次杂交、二次回交改良杂交水稻抗性的目的。本研究所     

微波无极紫外光助Fenton处理农药废水

研究了微波无极紫外(MWEUV)光助Fenton法对有机农药废水的强化降解作用,比较了单独MW、单独Fenton、紫外汞灯光助Fenton(UV/Fenton)和MWEUV光助Fenton(MWEUV/Fenton)4种体系的处理效果,考察了初始pH、H2O2投加量和Fe2+投加量对COD降解率的影响。结果表明,MWEUV比紫外汞灯具有更高的强化降解作用。在H2O2投加量为60 mmol/L,Fe2+投加量为0.5 mmol/L,初始pH为2~5的条件下,有机农药废水可被完全降解。     

松树皮基质发酵方案的初步探究

【目的】探索松树皮基质的较佳发酵方案。【方法】以新鲜樟子松树皮为试验基质,尿素为氮源,添加EM菌剂和木醋液进行发酵,共设置9种(M1~M9)不同发酵方案,以不添加EM菌剂和木醋液的处理为对照,分析各处理松树皮发酵温度、理化性质及木质纤维素、单宁含量的变化情况。【结果】发酵后,与对照相比,M5(C/N 30、500倍EM菌剂和500倍木醋液)、M6(C/N 70、500倍EM菌剂和500倍木醋液)和M2(C/N 30、500倍EM菌剂)3个处理的发酵温度均明显高于其他处理,且高温持续时间长,松树皮的各项理化性质均得到改善,单宁、木质纤维素含量降解幅度较大。【结论】发酵过程中,EM菌剂起关键作用,再添加木醋液可进一步加快发酵进程,提升发酵效果,初始C/N的影响仅次于EM菌剂,当其值为30~70时松树皮的发酵效果较好,M5、M6、M2处理是松树皮的较佳发酵方案。     

生物菌肥对水稻营养特性和土壤养分可持续性的影响

研究了施用生物菌肥对水稻根系活力遥影响,讨论了不同施肥处理与土壤养分可持续性指数的关系。结果表明,施用生物菌肥有利于土壤磷素可持续指数的上升,施用生物菌肥的同时必须配施足量的化学氮肥和钾肥,才能稳定水稻产量并逐步提高土壤肥力。     

高压脉冲电场对南瓜浆的杀菌效果

研究了高压脉冲电场（PEF）对接种于南瓜浆中不同微生物的杀灭效果及其对南瓜浆中菌落总数的影响．结果表明：随着电场强度、脉冲处理时间和协同温度在试验参数范围内的增加,PEF对微生物的杀灭效果显著提高;不同微生物在南瓜浆中对PEF耐受力的大小为：青霉菌〉金黄色葡萄球菌〉沙门氏菌〉大肠杆菌〉酵母菌,嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的耐受力强于枯草芽孢杆菌;60℃的温和热与20．14kV·cm^-1、109．25μs PEF的协同处理使南瓜浆中的菌落总数显著下降,显示出很好的协同作用．     

生物有机肥和土壤调理剂对烤烟生长发育和产、质量的影响

为有效防治烟草青枯病、提高烟叶品质,采用田间试验,研究了单施土壤调理剂（T2）、单施含有烟草青枯病拮抗菌的生物有机肥（T3）、土壤调理剂与生物有机肥混合施用（T4）对烤烟农艺性状、烤烟病害发生及烤烟产、质量的影响。结果表明,与当地常规施肥（CK,T1）相比,T2、T3、T4处理烤烟产值分别增加9.1％、8.9％、7.6％,上等烟比例分别提高了2.6％、3.4％和3.6％;T3和T4处理的烟株青枯病、花叶病病情指数分别较 T1处理降低22.8％和26.3％、56.9％和35.0％。通过施用土壤调理剂调节土壤酸碱性和利用生物有机肥提高土壤微生物活性,可有效促进烟株的生长发育,提高烟株的抗病性和烤后烟叶品质。     

水稻白叶枯病抗性遗传效应的组分分析

从籼型水稻品种中鉴定、筛选出７个不同抗级的抗白叶枯病基因源，加入高感病标准品种ＴＮ１，作８×８完全双列杂交，按Ｈａｙｍａｎ模型进行遗传分析，结果是：在遗传方差中，加性方差占７５．２４％。显性方差占２０．３６％，上位性方差占４．２２％；广义遗传ｈ＾２Ｂ＝９７．９８％，狭义遗传力ｈ＾２ａ＝７３．９０％；最小加性基因数ｋ＝４，显性基因数ｋ＇＝４；具不完全正显性，所有显性座位的作用方向相一致，不同显性座位