生态设计在风景园林规划中的类型和应用

阐述了生态设计在风景园林设计过程中的基本原则,在以人为本的基础上,充分采取有效措施来保证自然和人类的平衡发展。     

Virtual trees and light capture: a method for optimizing agroforestry stand design

In agroforestry systems, the distribution of light transmitted under tree canopies can be a limiting factor for the development of intercrops. The light available for intercrops depends on the quantity of light intercepted by tree canopies and, consequently, on the architecture of the tree species present. The influence of tree architecture on light transmission was analysed using dynamic 3D architectural models. The architectural analysis of Acacia mangium and Tectona grandis was performed in Indonesian agroforestry systems with trees aged from 1 to 3 years. 3D virtual trees were then generated with the AmapSim simulation software and 3D virtual experiments in which tree age, planting density, planting pattern and pruning intensity varied were reconstructed in order to simulate light available for the crop. Canopy closure of trees was more rapid in A. mangium than in T. grandis agroforestry systems; after 3 years the quantity of light available for A. mangium intercrops was three times lower than under T. grandis. Simulations with A. mangium showed that practices such as pruning and widening tree spacing enable to increase the total transmitted light within the stand. On T. grandis, modification of the tree row azimuth resulted in changes in the spatial and seasonal distribution of light available for the intercrops. These results are discussed in terms of agroforestry system management.

药用植物淫羊藿克隆构型对异质性生境的响应

通过研究异质性生境中淫羊藿克隆构型,初步分析环境因子对淫羊藿克隆生长的影响及克隆构型可塑性对异质性生境的响应。结果表明:生境中相对光强、土壤含水量和土壤有机质含量对淫羊藿的克隆生长影响较大,土壤pH值对其影响较小。建立了淫羊藿克隆构型可塑性特征与环境因子的关系方程。淫羊藿以地下根茎为克隆器官进行克隆生长,在异质性生境中有着较强的克隆构型可塑性。保护淫羊藿地下根茎,以及生境中适当的光照、水分和养分有利于淫羊藿的克隆生长。     

建筑空间·文化·情感

主要通过对建筑空间与文化以及建筑空间与情感之间的相互关系进行理论分析,并以江南园林建筑为例,进一步讨论三者之间的作用与反作用,从而阐明想要设计出更具人文关怀和实用价值的建筑空间,就应当更多地融入文化意识与情感。     

秋季断根和施肥对苹果幼树根系构型及生长的影响

【目的】探讨秋季断根、施肥对苹果幼树根系构型和生长发育的影响,为苹果早丰优栽培提供理论依据。【方法】于2012-10,以3年生盆栽‘富士’苹果(Malus×domestica Borkh.)幼树为试材,以植株不进行任何处理为对照,设置断根、施用氮肥(以下简称施肥)和断根后施用氮肥(以下简称断根施肥)3个处理,研究不同处理对苹果根系长度、根系体积、根长密度、不同直径根系长度、光合作用及生长情况等的影响。【结果】与对照相比,断根施肥处理后树体根系长度、根长密度及根尖数显著增加,根系表面积、根系体积显著减少;直径≤1.0 mm的根系长度显著增加,直径1.0mm的根系长度减少。同时,断根施肥处理后叶片净光合速率增加了13.3%,蒸腾速率下降了2.3%,水分利用效率提高了15.2%。另外,断根施肥处理还减少了长枝数、根冠比和平均叶面积,增加了短枝数。断根处理和施肥处理对苹果幼树根系构型、光合作用及生长也有一定影响,但对多数指标的影响均不如断根施肥处理显著。【结论】断根施肥处理可以显著提高苹果植株的光合作用,增加细根的数量和长度,其对于抑制营养生长,促进生殖生长具有重要作用。     

根构型分析在豆科作物磷效率研究中的应用

本文对根构型的概念、根构型的研究方法及豆科作物根构型与磷效率的关系进行了论述.初步研究表明,豆科作物根构型的一些指标(根重、根长、根吸收面积等)与磷效率具有较好的相关性.建议拟合具有普遍意义的根构型综合指标,指导豆科作物磷效率遗传性状改良.     

The effect of four different pasture species compositions on nitrate leaching losses under high N loading

Nitrate () leaching can cause elevated concentrations of ‐N in water, which can have adverse impacts on water quality and human health. In grazed pasture systems, most of the ‐N leaching occurs beneath animal urine‐N deposits. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of four different pasture species compositions [perennial ryegrass/white clover (P. ryegrass WC), tall fescue/white clover (T. fescue WC), Italian ryegrass/white clover (It. ryegrass WC) and perennial ryegrass/Italian ryegrass/white clover/red clover/chicory/plantain (Diverse)] on ‐N leaching losses from animal urine patches, and to examine the relative importance of root system architecture and seasonal activity to reduce ‐N leaching losses. The results show that ‐N leaching losses were 24–54% lower beneath It. ryegrass WC than other pasture species. Total dry matter (DM) yield in the season following establishment was 11–58% greater in the It. ryegrass WC pasture, while average winter daily N uptake rate of It. ryegrass WC over the two seasons was on average 58% greater than P. ryegrass WC and T. fescue WC. In the second season, the P. ryegrass WC and T. fescue WC pastures had up to 140 and 82% more roots between 0 and 40 cm depth, respectively, than the other pasture species compositions. These results suggest that in grazed pasture systems, high plant winter activity (plant growth/root metabolic activity) is more important than specific root architecture (e.g. deep roots) to reduce ‐N leaching losses.     

浅谈生态建筑观在建筑设计中的运用

首先阐述生态建筑学的产生及生态建筑的概念,并从建筑环境的规划、建筑形态的设计、建筑材料的选择和资源利用以及建筑垃圾回收利用等各个方面分别论述生态建筑观在建筑设计中的应用及体现。     

城市湿地公园建设总体策略的研究

首先明确城市湿地公园建设的目标在于整治水土资源和生物栖息地,使其持续为人类服务;并阐述建设的意义在于有效保护和合理利用城市湿地,发挥城市湿地的生态效益,改善城市生态环境,为市民提供休闲游憩、科普教育场所,推动区域经济和社会发展;建设原则在于系统保护、合理利用与协调建设;建设流程可以分为纳入城市总体规划、绿地系统规划、建立城市湿地体系.而风景园林师在整个建设策略中应作为多学科团队的领导者.     

浅议园林道路的景观设计

道路在风景园林中起到组织交通、引导游览、分割空间、联系景点和构成园景的多功能作用.从园林道路的线形、材料、色彩、铺装图案和园林道路与山、水、植物、园林小品的布局等多个角度探讨了其景观设计原则.