宁夏农村信息服务站运行状况评估指标体系研究

根据宁夏农村信息化考核评估工作的需要,运用层次分析法和专家调查法,从硬件配置、系统运行、人员配备、制度建设、服务成效等方面建立农村信息服务站运行状况评估指标体系,并确定评估方法与程序,以促进宁夏农村信息服务站规范化、科学化运行发展,提高宁夏农村信息服务站运行成效。     

鱼油挥发性成分分析和脱除方法

采用改进的动态顶空技术捕集、浓缩鱼油挥发性成分，并通过GCMS分析鉴定其中45个成分，结果表明。其中14个为饱和、不饱和醛类，8个为饱和、不饱和酮类。这些物质被认为是形成鱼油异味的主要成分。通过GC分析评价鱼油储藏过程中的感观变化和氧化，结果表明，GC分析的总峰面积能够指示鱼油的气味强度和氧化程度，并和感官检验结果一致。凹凸棒黏土处理鱼油取得较好脱色脱臭效果，其脱色脱臭效率分别为86．2％和84．1％。     

A new large‐scale and cost‐effective restoration method for cold‐water coral gardens

1. Gorgonians dwelling on the Mediterranean continental shelf are among the most frequent fishing bycatch taxa. These species display several traits, such as long lifespans and slow growth, which make them very vulnerable to the impacts caused by fishing activities with far‐reaching and long‐lasting effects.
2. Hence, restoration and mitigation actions are crucial to enhance and speed up the natural recovery of damaged cold‐water coral gardens. Given the growing concern to develop effective and affordable restoration actions, the present study aims to propose and technically validate a new large‐scale and cost‐effective restoration method.
3. This technique, named ‘badminton method', consists of attaching bycatch Eunicella cavolini colonies to cobble supports and returning them to the continental shelf by gently throwing the gorgonian transplants directly from a boat.
4. Two consecutive field experiments were conducted in order to find the best cobble type support and gorgonian size to be used: first, to evaluate the landing efficiency of gorgonian transplants at different depths (from 5 to 30 m) and second, to evaluate their capability to maintain a correct position over time.
5. Natural cobbles with large gorgonians attached were the best option. Field results and modelling approaches suggest that the transplants would correctly land on the continental shelf seabed in a predicted area of around 60 m². Moreover, they would successfully maintain an upright position ensuring gorgonian survival over time.
6. The success of this method highlights the feasibility of large‐scale and low‐cost restoration actions with promising results for the conservation and recovery of cold‐water coral gardens.

     

Potential distribution and population trends of the smalltail shark Carcharhinus porosus inferred from species distribution models and historical catch data

1. Updated distribution ranges are crucial for conservation status assessments. Comprehensive analyses combining published literature and available data on historical catches and species distribution models (SDMs) are effective tools that could improve the prediction of more realistic scenarios for some species, especially those with limited information available and facing multiple threats.
2. The present study aimed at generating an updated distribution for the smalltail shark Carcharhinus porosus, one of the most threatened and understudied shark species of the western Atlantic Ocean. Estimates of the key areas for this species conservation based on the SDMs, and trends in catch probabilities throughout its distribution range are provided.
3. Four algorithms (BIOCLIM, Domain, Mahalanobis, and Maximum Entropy) were used to model the distribution of C. porosus and calculate its habitat suitability based on marine environmental variables. To assess historical catch probability trends, we built a generalized linear model from published and grey literature data. This analysis was used to estimate catch probability as an indication of population trends.
4. SDMs suggest that the northern coast of South America (NCSA) harbours the most suitable habitats for C. porosus in the world, which was expected given its historically high catch rate in this region. In addition, there was a continuously declining catch probability trend starting in the 1970s. However, the decline was smaller for the NCSA as compared with the Gulf of Mexico and the eastern South America coast.
5. Results indicate that the NCSA should be considered the currently most important area in the world for this species conservation. Furthermore, the lack of data throughout Central and South American marine regions hampers the evaluation of extinction risk throughout its updated distribution. Thus, research in these areas is urgently required for a more comprehensive conservation status assessment.

     

大豆乳饮料的研制

本试验以大豆和牛奶为主要原料制作大豆乳饮料,对牛奶、大豆粉、白砂糖和稳定剂的用量对感官品质的影响进行了研究。结果表明,产品的最佳配比为：40%牛奶、2%大豆粉、6.0%白砂糖和0.30%复配稳定剂（单硬脂酸甘油酯23%、蔗糖脂肪酸酯10%、微晶纤维素40%、卡拉胶27%）,51.7%水分。     

氯化钴在大菱鲆饲料中的安全性评价

通过研究饲料中的氯化钴对大菱鲆幼鱼的存活、生长性能、血清生理生化指标、抗氧化酶活力、消化酶活力、血清和肝脏中VB12含量、肌肉和肝脏中钴的残留量、肝脏和肠道组织结构的影响来评估氯化钴在海水鱼饲料中的安全性。通过在基础饲料中添加氯化钴制剂来配制4种具有不同氯化钴含量(0、8、40及80 mg/kg,不计结晶水重量)的等氮等能的实验饲料,每个饲料处理设6个重复,每个重复养殖30尾大菱鲆;养殖实验为期10周。实验结果表明:饲料中添加氯化钴对试验鱼的存活没有显著影响(P0.05),但饲料中80 mg/kg的氯化钴显著降低了大菱鲆的特定生长率、终末体重、摄食率、肝体比和脏体比(P0.05);饲料中高剂量氯化钴(40和80 mg/kg)显著降低了大菱鲆血清过氧化氢酶、谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活力以及大菱鲆胃淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活力(P0.05);大菱鲆的血糖含量、血清和肝脏中VB12含量、肝脏和肌肉中钴的残留量均随饲料中钴的添加量增加而显著升高(P0.05);饲料中添加氯化钴对大菱鲆的肠道组织结构没有产生明显影响,但饲料中添加40和80 mg/kg的氯化钴增宽了肝脏肝血窦。研究结果表明:实验条件下,氯化钴在大菱鲆饲料中的添加量8 mg/kg是安全的。     

鹤蕉种质资源抗寒性和农艺性状的鉴定与评价

针对抗寒性、花期和观赏特性等几个农艺性状,对引进的67个鹤蕉品种进行了连续3年的大田圃鉴定与评价,筛选出适合在海南不同区域栽培的8个有应用价值的品种。旨在为鹤蕉的品种改良、栽培和开发利用提供参考。     

浙西北马尾松公益林分类研究与评价

为了研究浙江省西北部马尾松Pinus massoniana公益林的生态效益及高效马尾松的群落结构特征,以浙江西北重点区域马尾松公益林群落为对象,利用典型样地调查方法,在聚类分析、多样性分析、相似性分析的基础上对马尾松公益林进行全面剖析。结果表明:浙江省西北部马尾松公益林可分为7个类型,其中以常绿阔叶为主的阔松复合混交林类型(类型Ⅶ)多样性较大、生态效益较高;选用常绿阔叶林和以常绿阔叶为主的阔松复合混交林(类型Ⅶ)等2个类型作为优质高效公益林目标类型,并利用相似性分析将除以常绿阔叶为主的阔松复合混交林类型以外的马尾松公益林类型(类型Ⅰ~Ⅵ)划分为马尾松低效公益林。通过各森林类型物种丰富度、物种多样性分析,对马尾松公益林从演替理论进行剖析,为低效马尾松公益林分类建设提供科学依据。     

汕头市农产品质量安全监督与风险评估探析

为了提升农产品品质,加强对有害因子的分析与识别,提升社会公共安全问题,分析了汕头市农产品质量监督的现状与存在的问题,研究和探讨了如何加强农产品质量安全监督与风险评估建设,达到提升农产品质量监督与监测能力和推进农产品从源头、流通领域到消费者的食用安全的目的,全方位地确保农产品质量安全,确保民众食用健康和社会稳定。     

甘蔗品种比较试验结果评价

对新台糖27号等8个甘蔗品种进行两年品种比较试验,结果表明：各品种平均产量由高到低顺序为：新台糖22号＞粤糖94/128＞园林6号＞桂糖94/116＞园林3号＞桂糖94/119＞桂引9号＞新台糖27号：各品种平均蔗糖分由高到低顺序为：桂引9号＞新台糖27号＞园林6号＞桂糖94/116＞桂糖94/119＞新台糖22号＞粤糖94/128＞园林3号;各品种平均667m2含糖量由高到低顺序为：新台糖22号＞园林6号＞粤糖94/128＞桂糖94/116＞桂引9号＞新台糖27号＞桂糖94/119＞园林3号.