北海道9号苹果在冀北山地引种初报

为探讨北海道９号苹果在冀北山地推广的可能性，于１９９５￣１９９７年进行了引种观察，积累了试验数据。结果表明，北海道９号苹果抗寒性较强，丰产性能好，果实着色好，品质优良，可在冀北平泉县中部及其以南的区域进一步进行生产示范，建园方式采用以国光／海棠作基砧，用高接换头方法较好。     

Rootstock influence on ‘delicious’ and ‘golden delicious’ apple fruit quality at harvest and after storage

The influence of 9 rootstocks (M2, M7, M25, M26, MM104, MM106, MM109, MM111 and seedling) on fruit quality at harvest and after storage of ‘Wellspur Delicious’ (WS) and ‘Goldspur’ (GS), and of 3 rootstocks (M7, M26 and MM106) on fruit quality of ‘Red King Delicious’ (RK) and ‘Golden Delicious’ (GD) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) was evaluated during a 4-year period. Fruits from trees on M26 were larger, developed earlier color and soluble solids (SS), and maintained higher levels of acidity (at harvest and during storage) in comparison with other rootstocks. Fruit from trees on M2 tended to have high SS. Fruit color from trees on MM104, MM106 and MM109 tended to be comparatively poor. There were significant rootstock effects on SS, starch, acidity, color, circumference, weight and box size.     

2,4—D和环割对苹果根系活力及多胺含量的影响

以盆栽二年生新红星苹果／湖北海棠为试材，１０月份部施用２，４－Ｄ３０μｇ．ｇ＾－１水溶液和主干环割，处理后第一周和第四周测定过渡根，延长根和吸收根内源多胺（精胺，亚精胺和腐胺）含量及根系活力。结果表明：２，４－Ｄ处理后第一周，根系活力和内源多胺含量升高；第四周除吸收根变化不明显外，其他两类根活力和内源多胺含量上升。统计分析表明，根系活力与内源多胺含量显著相关，相关系数由大到小依次是多胺总量〉精度〈     

苹果果实糖的研究现状

本文介绍了有关苹果果实糖代谢及相关酶的研究现状,并对影响苹果果实糖含量的因子进行了讨论。     

苹果汁品质评价方法研究进展

苹果汁是我国苹果产业的主要加工产品,因其营养丰富、风味独特受到广大消费者的喜爱,准确快速评价苹果汁品质对苹果汁的加工、储藏、流通和贸易具有重要指导意义。本文对不同的苹果汁产品的感官评价语言与方法进行了综述,分析了加工品质指标、感官品质指标和理化与营养品质指标的仪器测定方法与最新研究进展,品质评价指标筛选方法及综合评价方法,以期为不同苹果汁产品评价体系的建立提供参考。     

“Eco-Huang”疏花剂对苹果的疏花效应

"Eco-Huang"是韩国研制的一种新型无公害化学疏花剂,可用于绿色苹果和有机苹果的生产。试验以新嘎拉、红富士、美国八号苹果为试材,研究了"Eco-Huang"的疏花效应。结果表明在新嘎拉、美国八号苹果盛花中期喷施一次150倍液,在红富士上喷施两次150倍液疏花效果显著。     

太行山区有机苹果园主要病虫防控技术探讨

通过对太行山区苹果园主要病虫种群进行调查,明确了造成经济为害的病虫种类。按照有机食品生产防控要求,从果园生态系统维护、加强生产全过程的管理、应急防控措施应用几方面进行了生态友好型病虫防控措施的探讨,以期为太行山区有机苹果生产提供一定的技术指导。     

短枝型苹果赤霉素受体基因MdGID1a 及其启动子克隆和表达分析

 以短枝型富士苹果‘龙富短枝’（Malus × domestica Borkh.‘Longfu Duanzhi’）枝条为试材, 采用RT-PCR 结合RACE 技术,克隆获得苹果赤霉素受体基因MdGID1a,GenBank 基因数据库的登录号 为JF516247。该基因编码区共1 035 bp,推测其编码345 个氨基酸。氨基酸序列分析显示,其具有HSL 基因家族的保守氨基酸结构域HGG 和GXSXG,与其它植物赤霉素受体基因具有较高的同源性。其启动 子序列包含植物激素和光等响应元件。实时定量qRT-PCR 分析表明,MdGID1a 在短枝型‘龙富短枝’和 普通型‘长富2 号’枝条不同生长阶段、在叶片、枝条、果实、花和叶芽中的表达水平存在明显差异。 苹果赤霉素受体基因MdGID1a 在短枝型苹果枝条伸长过程中具有一定的调控作用。     

Protective Effects Against Erwinia amylovora Induced by hrp Mutants in the Whole Plant are Only Partially Mimicked in Cultivated Cells

A virulent strain of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight of Maloideae, and two of its non-virulent hrp mutants (a secretory and a regulatory mutant) were inoculated into apple cell suspensions either alone or in mixed inoculations. In single inoculations, death of 4- to 5-day-old apple cells occurred only when the concentration of the virulent strain of E. amylovora reached a threshold inoculum concentration of 10⁴CFUml^–1, while high concentrations of the hrp mutants were unable to kill apple cells. When mixed inoculated with the virulent parental strain, both hrp mutants protected apple cells from death caused by the virulent strain. The protective effect was associated with a decrease in the population level of the virulent strain and it was dependent on the non-virulent to virulent inoculum concentration suggesting a competition between the non-virulent mutant and the virulent strain. However, no differential protective ability between the two types of mutants could be noticed, contrary to previous results obtained with apple seedlings or apple flowers in which the regulatory mutant was significantly more effective than the secretory mutant. In conclusion, inoculation of apple cell cultures with E. amylovora does not seem to be a model suitable for investigating mechanisms leading to protection.     

苹果产业社会化服务现状与发展建议

随着苹果产业劳动力、生产成本及种植模式等要素的发展变化,其社会化服务经历了从无到有、由少到多的演变过程,呈现出以龙头企业、专业合作组织、基层党组织、销售(物流)平台、互助团体或民间组织等主导型的多种供给模式共同发展的特点。对苹果社会化服务的发展背景进行了阐述,对其当前主要发展模式及特点进行了总结,并提出了发展建议。