Characterization of Collagen Enzymatic Hydrolysates Derived from Lizardfish (Synodus fuscus) Scales

Acid soluble collagen was extracted from the scales of lizardfish and characterized with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and amino acid analysis. After 8 h of collagen hydrolysis, hydrolysates had an estimated degree of hydrolysis (DH) from 4 ± 0.05 to 25 ± 0.63% (p < 0.05). All hydrolysates had angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activity. These activity levels showed little change after treatment with gastrointestinal proteases. Results indicated that the lizardfish by-products may be improved by enzymatic treatment with acid-soluble collagen from lizardfish scales.     

Nucleic Acid Metabolism,Proline Concentration and Antioxidants Enzyme Activity in Canola （Brassica nupus L.） Under Salinity Stress

Seedling of five canola genotypes, Hyola 308, Hyola 401, Hyola 60, Option 50 and RGS003, were grown in Hoagland nutrient solution containing S1 = 0, S2 = 100, S3 = 200 and S4 = 300 mmol L-1 NaCl in controlled environment. Proline, antioxidant activities like catalase （CAT）, ascobrate peroxidase （APX） and guaiacol peroxidase （GPX） and some enzyme activities of nucleic acid metabolism were determined in shoot and root 20 days after induction of salinity stress. Results showed application of stress significantly affected plant growth components such as fresh （FW） and dry weight （DW） of canola genotypes. Among the genotypes, RGS003 had the highest reduction of FW and DW in S3 treatment. By increasing NaCl levels from 0 to 300 mmol L-1, the activity of two antioxidant enzymes （APX and CAT） in shoot and root increased but GPX in all of genotypes decreased. The increase in salinity stress, increased proline concentration in both root and shoot tissues of canola genotypes. Hyola 401 genotype had the maximum concentration of proline in root and shoot in S3 treatment. Along with increased salinity stress in all of the studied plants, salinity significantly increased the level of the total nucleic acid and the activity of DNase I in all of salinity treatments and at the S3 level, RGS003 had the maximum concentration of nucleolytic enzyme.     

镉硫交互对东南景天抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过营养液培养试验研究不同硫镉水平对超积累东南景天抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,在增施镉水平下东南景天叶片的MDA含量随着硫水平增加显著降低,Cd0水平下S2处理显著降低MDA含量达12.4%。相反,东南景天叶片的MDA含量随着镉水平的提高显著增加18.4%～137.7%。镉硫交互对超积累东南景天叶片抗氧化酶活性有显著影响。超积累东南景天叶片SOD活性随着硫、镉水平的增加而增加,以S3〉S2〉S1,Cd100〉Cd10〉Cd0。增施硫显著提高Cd10和Cd100水平下东南景天叶片POD活性。在S1,S2水平下,增加Cd水平东南景天叶片POD活性显著增加,POD活性以Cd10〉Cd100〉Cd0。超积累东南景天叶片CAT活性随着硫水平增加而增加8.9%～21.3%,CAT活性随着Cd水平的增加而显著增加,增幅以S1和S2水平下较大。随着S,Cd水平的增加东南景天叶片的APX活性显著增加。镉硫交互对4种抗氧化酶的效应以APX〉CAT〉POD〉SOD。     

长蒴黄麻总黄酮的提取及其抗氧化性

为长蒴黄麻的开发利用提供参考依据,对超声波协同乙醇提取长蒴黄麻黄酮的效果进行了研究,并进行了长蒴黄麻黄酮的抗氧化性试验.结果表明,最优提取条件为温度42℃、料液比1∶35、乙醇浓度80％、提取时间25min,在此条件下长蒴黄麻总黄酮的提取率为2.577％.长蒴黄麻黄酮提取物对羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基具有一定的清除作...     

5种籼稻品种谷壳中游离态和结合态酚类物质含量及其抗氧化活性比较

【目的】比较不同水稻品种谷壳中游离态和结合态酚类物质的含量、组成及其抗氧化活性差异。【方法】选用5个代表性的南方籼稻品种,分析其谷壳中的游离态和结合态总酚、总黄酮含量,采用高效液相色谱法分析其单体酚类的组成及含量,采用铁离子还原能力（FRAP, Ferric reducing ability of plasma）和ABTS(2,2'-联氨-二-3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸,2, 2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)自由基清除能力两种方法评价其体外抗氧化能力差异。【结果】 5个不同籼稻品种谷壳的游离酚、结合酚和总酚含量分别介于42.8-123.0、260.9-325.2和320.2-398.3 mg GAE/100 g DW,其结合态酚占总酚含量百分比平均为78.9%;游离态黄酮、结合态黄酮和总黄酮含量分别介于34.0-58.0、47.9-64.4和82.0-115.7 mg CE/100 g DW,其结合态黄酮占总黄酮含量的百分比平均为56.4%;稻壳中的酚类物质主要为没食子酸、原儿茶酸、绿原酸、香草酸、咖啡酸、丁香酸、香豆酸和阿魏酸,其中游离态酚类物质以丁香酸和香豆酸为主,平均含量分别为25.09 μg•g-1 DW和31.21 μg•g-1 DW;结合态酚类物质以香豆酸含量为主,平均含量为2141.61 μg•g-1 DW。稻壳游离态、结合态和两者合计FRAP抗氧化能力值分别介于37.7-106.0、217.9-281.0和269.3-370.3 mg TE/100 g DW,其结合态占总FRAP百分比平均为77.3%;稻壳游离态、结合态和两者合计ABTS抗氧化能力值分别介于26.3-85.8、67.2-111.9和93.4-155.2 mg TE/100 g DW,其结合态占总ABTS百分比平均为64.8%。【结论】稻壳中含有较丰富的酚类物质,具有较强的抗氧化活性。稻壳总酚、总黄酮含量、单体酚组成及其抗氧化活性均以结合态形式为主,且有显著的品种间差异。提示水稻谷壳可以作为一种潜在的天然抗氧化剂资源进行开发利用。     

论农地规模经营的一般规律及发展前景

分析研究了人口、生态和技术的变迁对农地规模经营的影响。在长期的历史变迁中，中国农业的发展在人口压力下形成了与追求产量最大化相一致的小规模经营，且随着集约化技术的发展，小规模经营愈加强化。技术变迁的历史表明：完善的市场化措施和社会化服务体系的建立，完全可以在目前小农经营基础上改造传统农业并促进农业生产的进一步发展。     

中药复方制剂对大鼠耐缺氧作用的研究

对大鼠进行不同中药复方的常压耐缺氧效果实验。结果表明:各中药复方和枸杞子均能显著延长大鼠常压缺氧存活时间(P<0.05),其中复方3作用效果最明显(p<0.01)。复方3在提高大鼠缺氧存活时间的同时又能降低血液红细胞和Hb增加率,升高缺氧大鼠血液SOD、GSH-Px活性,降低血清MDA含量。透射电镜观察表明:各中药复方对缺氧心肌具有明显保护作用。提示各中药复方的耐缺氧作用机理之一可能是通过提高SOD、GSH-PX活性增强清除自由基而实现的。     

意大利瓦勒拉尼整地系统与常规开沟犁整地效益对比分析

通过意大利瓦勒拉尼整地系统（由火车型犁和海豚型犁2种犁型构成,其中火车型犁近似水平沟式整地,海豚型犁近似大鱼鳞坑式整地）与常规开沟犁整地效益的对比试验,结果显示：同期覆土层（0～20 cm）的土壤含水量以瓦勒拉尼系统2种整地方式最高,是常规开沟犁整地的1.28倍和1.11倍。火车型犁整地的土壤容重为1.05 g/cm3,常规开沟犁整地为1.08 g/cm3,火车型犁整地后的土壤容重最小。瓦勒拉尼系统的火车型犁整地后的土壤毛管最大持水量是56.12%,远高于未整地的48.44%和普通犁整地的52.12%,分别是后两者的1.16倍和1.08倍。火车型犁整地后文冠果的地径达1.00 cm,是普通犁整地后地径0.42 cm的2.38倍;树高为0.93 m,是普通犁整地后树高0.53 m的1.75倍;保存率由59.30%提高至91.43%,提高了32.13个百分点;海豚型犁整地文冠果4年保存率则提高了13.42个百分点。     

Effects of dietary fish oil replacements with three vegetable oils on growth,fatty acid composition,antioxidant capacity,serum parameters and expression of lipid metabolism related genes in juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis

Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), algae oil from Schizochytrium sp. (AO), mixed oil (MO, SO:LO:AO = 1:1:1) and fish oil (FO; control group) were selected to feed juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis (initial weight 1.86 ± 0.07 g) for eight weeks. The results showed that in the LO and FO groups fish grew best. There was no significant difference in specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) between the MO and FO groups (p > .05). The highest contents of 18:2n‐6, 18:3n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 in liver and muscle were found with the SO, LO and AO groups, respectively (p < .05). There appeared the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the lowest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the fish liver of the AO group. There appeared the highest concentrations of serum glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL) and triglycerides (TG) in the SO group. The expressions of lipid anabolism genes were significantly up‐regulated by dietary SO and LO (p < .05). The expressions of lipid catabolism genes were significantly higher with the AO, MO and FO groups (p < .05). This study recommended that LO or MO as a better vegetable oil source for juvenile O. macrolepis.     

The effect of short day treatments on containerized Douglas-fir morphology,physiology and phenology

The effect of short day treatments (blackout) on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) container seedlings at the time of lift and following cold storage was investigated. Variables measured included height, root collar diameter (RCD), root growth capacity (RGC), photosynthetic efficiency after –18 °C freezing (PEF), and days to terminal bud break (DBB). From one to four blackout dormancy induction treatments were started on three dates (July 12, July 26, and August 10) with 10 or 20 d between multiple blackouts. Increasing the number of blackout treatments resulted in lower RCD, lower DBB in the late winter/early spring, and higher PEF in the early fall. Later blackout start dates decreased PEF in the early fall, and increased overall height and late fall RGC as compared to earlier blackout start dates. Nurseries growing Douglas-fir seedlings from coastal Pacific Northwest provenances should be aware that blackout regimes can decrease RGC in the late fall, and cause quicker dormancy release in the early spring. Coastal Douglas-fir can be lifted and planted in the early fall, when RGC and DBB are relatively high. If planting between February and April is necessary, seedlings given blackout should be cold stored in January to maintain an adequate level of dormancy, RGC and PEF.