Increased Sulfation in Gracilaria fisheri Sulfated Galactans Enhances Antioxidant and Antiurolithiatic Activities and Protects HK-2 Cell Death Induced by Sodium Oxalate

Urolithiasis is a common urological disease characterized by the presence of a stone anywhere along the urinary tract. The major component of such stones is calcium oxalate, and reactive oxygen species act as an essential mediator of calcium oxalate crystallization. Previous studies have demonstrated the antioxidant and antiurolithiatic activities of sulfated polysaccharides. In this study, native sulfated galactans (N-SGs) with a molecular weight of 217.4 kDa from Gracilaria fisheri were modified to obtain lower molecular weight SG (L-SG) and also subjected to sulfation SG (S-SG). The in vitro antioxidant and antiurolithiatic activities of the modified substances and their ability to protect against sodium oxalate-induced renal tubular (HK-2) cell death were investigated. The results revealed that S-SG showed more pronounced antioxidant activities (DPPH and O₂⁻ scavenging activities) than those of other compounds. S-SG exhibited the highest antiurolithiatic activity in terms of nucleation and aggregation, as well as crystal morphology and size. Moreover, S-SG showed improved cell survival and increased anti-apoptotic BCL-2 protein in HK-2 cells treated with sodium oxalate. Our findings highlight the potential application of S-SG in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.     

Antioxidative Effect of Chlorella Pyrenoidosa Protein Hydrolysates and Their Application in Krill Oil-in-Water Emulsions

Chlorella pyrenoidosa is an excellent source of protein, and in this research, we assessed the antioxidant and emulsifying effects of Chlorella protein hydrolysate (CPH) using neutral proteases and alkaline proteases, as well as the properties of CPH-derived krill oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. The CPHs exhibited the ability to scavenge several kinds of free radicals, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), O₂⁻, hydroxyl, and ABTS. Additionally, the CPHs (5 mg/mL) scavenged approximately 100% of the DPPH and ABTS. The CPHs showed similar emulsifying activities to Tween 20 and excellent foaming activities (max FS 74%), which helped to stabilize the krill oil-in-water emulsion. Less than 10 mg/mL CPHs was able to form fresh krill oil-in-water emulsions; moreover, the CPHs (5 mg/mL) in a krill O/W emulsion were homogenous, opaque, and stable for at least 30 days. Based on their inhibitory effects on the peroxide value (POV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TRABS), the CPHs were found to be able to inhibit lipid oxidation in both emulsifying systems and krill O/W emulsions. Thus, the CPHs could improve superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities by 5- or 10-fold and decrease the high reactive oxygen species (ROS) level caused by the addition of H₂O₂ in vitro. In conclusion, health-promoting CPHs could be applied in krill oil-in-water emulsions as both emulsifiers and antioxidants, which could help to improve the oxidative and physical stability of emulsions.     

用毛细吸渗原理快速测量土壤田间持水量的研究

田间持水量是衡量田间土壤保持水分能力的重要指标,视为对作物有效的土壤水分的上限,对农田灌溉和作物水分管理具有十分重要意义。该研究提出了能快速测量土壤田间持水量的新型毛细吸渗法。该方法以田间持水量为无地下水影响下土壤基质所能吸持的最大含水量为物理基础,设计了一套满足田间持水量要求的实验方法、装置和程序,采用5种不同土壤测量了其田间持水量,并与用威尔科克斯法测量得到的田间持水量进行了对比。结果表明：所提出的新型测量方法,无论是基本原理还是室内试验均可行。与威尔科克斯法相比,其测量值略微偏小;两种测量值相关性很好,相差约为9％,产生这种现象的原因主要是土壤的吸湿过程与脱湿过程中土壤含水率的滞后所致。与传统的测量方法相比,该方法可大大缩短测量时间,具有利用前景。     

前推土后挖掘(凿岩)装置的总体设计

介绍了四轮驱动拖拉机的前推土后挖掘(凿岩)装置的总体设计过程,它的开发和研制,拓展了拖拉机的使用性能,弥补了产品季节性较强的不足。     

谷物冷却机处理量计算与评估

通过对谷物冷却机实验数据分析,建立了谷物冷却机处理量与环境温度、空气湿度的函数关系式,并得到了谷物冷却机处理量工程计算方法及其单位能耗评估方法。     

6 000 t拉伸矫直机拉伸头承载能力的研究

利用大型工程分析软件I-DEAS建立6 000t拉伸矫直机拉伸头--固定夹头和活动夹头实体几何模型,用弹簧单元模拟预紧螺栓,对拉伸头承载能力进行有限元计算,分析了预紧螺栓及其预紧力对设备承载能力的影响,并通过现场测试验证分析计算的结果.结果表明预紧螺栓的存在使设备承载能力提高25%以上,螺栓预紧力每提高1 000 kN,C形板应力值下降约2.5%,当螺栓预紧力控制在5 000 kN时,该拉伸机最大拉伸能力可达55 000 kN.在实际使用过程中,充分发挥和有效控制预紧螺栓的预紧力,防止预紧螺栓在拉伸过程中松动,以保证设备的安全运行.     

不同水氮条件下生物炭对夏玉米水氮耦合效应的影响

【目的】提高水氮亏缺下夏玉米籽粒产量并促进水氮耦合效应,实现夏玉米节水增产。【方法】采用田间小区试验,设定4个生物炭施用水平(0、5、10、15t/hm²,分别记为C0、C1、C2、C3)、2种灌溉方式(正常灌溉I1、亏缺灌溉I2)和2个施氮水平(常规施氮N1、亏缺施氮N2),正常、亏缺灌溉灌水量分别为100%和50%作物需水量,常规、亏缺施氮量分别为200 kg/hm²和100 kg/hm²,探究了不同水氮条件下生物炭对砂壤土持水保肥效果以及夏玉米水氮耦合效应的影响。【结果】添加5 t/hm²和10 t/hm²生物炭处理明显提高了土壤总孔隙度和持水能力,并减少了土壤铵态氮和硝态氮的淋洗,10 t/hm²下效果最佳。同时,5 t/hm²和10 t/hm²生物炭可促进夏玉米根系生长,提高籽粒产量及水氮利用效率,在10 t/hm²下产量,水分利用效率和氮素偏生产力显著增加(P<0.05),...     

1978-2003年吉林省相对资源承载力的测算与分析

采用相对资源承载力的研究思路和计算方法,分析了吉林省1978--2003年相对土地资源承载力、相对经济资源承载力和综合承载力及其变化过程。研究表明：①吉林省的土地资源对综合承载力的贡献大于经济资源,是吉林省人口的主要承载资源。②1978-2003年,吉林省的综合承载力一直超过实际承载人口数量,处于相对富余状态。除了1996--2000年,这种状态呈上升趋势。③在东北三省中,吉林省的综合承载力低于黑龙江省和辽宁省。④吉林省9个市州的相对承载力有较大差异,且每个市州的相对承载力也随着时间的推移,呈现出一定的变化。通过吉林省相对承载力方面的研究,指出了吉林省可持续发展存在的问题。     

硅对盐胁迫下葡萄幼苗生理效应的影响

以酿酒葡萄"赤霞殊"(Cabernet Sauvignon,CS)1年生扦插苗为试材,采用营养液水培系统,研究了根施外源硅(K2SiO3·9H2O,Si)对盐(50 mmol/L NaCl)胁迫下赤霞珠葡萄幼苗叶片生理生化特性的影响.结果表明:盐胁迫处理下,葡萄幼苗叶片超氧阴离子(O2-')产生速率加快,过氧化氢(H2O2)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对膜透性增加;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增强;组织含水量降低;施用2.0mmol/L Si明显抑制了O2-、H2O2和MDA的积累,增加了组织含水量,并进一步提高了抗氧化酶SOD和POD的活性.说明外源Si可通过提高盐胁迫下葡萄幼苗体内的抗氧化酶活性,从而降低活性氧(ROS)水平,一定程度上减轻盐胁迫对植株所造成的细胞膜脂过氧化伤害,增强其耐盐性.     

蚯蚓粪与化肥配施对红小豆生长与品质的影响

为探究蚯蚓粪与化肥配施对陕西关中地区红小豆产量及品质的影响,以红小豆新品种保红947为研究对象,设置T1(纯化肥)、T2(20％蚯蚓粪+80％化肥)、T3(50％蚯蚓粪+50％化肥)、T4(80％蚯蚓粪+20％化肥)和CK(不施肥)5个处理,研究了不同处理下红小豆成熟期农艺性状、产量性状及品质性状的差异.结果表明:蚯蚓...