牛早期胚胎发育影响因子研究进展

早期胚胎的死亡给畜牧业的发展带来了巨大的经济损失,本文分析了影响牛早期胚胎发育的诸多因素,阐述了黄体功能对早期胚胎发育的影响,指出生长因子和细胞因子可能是非人为因素中早期影响胚胎发育的最重要的因素。     

The Effects of Growth Factor on Testicular Germ Cell Apoptosis in the Stallion

Apoptosis is necessary for both initiation and control of spermatogenesis; however, an increase in apoptosis can lead to subfertility/infertility in stallions, causing substantial financial loss in the equine industry. The ability of stem cell factor (SCF), leukemia-inhibiting factor (LIF), granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and estradiol (E₂), alone or in combination, to prevent apoptosis of germ cells in short-term equine testicular cultures was examined. Testicular tissue was sectioned into approximately 2-mm cubes and placed in media-filled culture chambers. Concentrations of SCF (100 ng/mL), LIF (10 ng/mL), GM-CSF (5 ng/mL), and E₂ (10⁻⁹ mol/l) were added alone or in combination to each well. After 6 hours in culture, the tissue was fixed and immunohistochemically (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling; TUNEL) stained for apoptosis detection. Apoptotic cells per 100 Sertoli cell nuclei within seminiferous tubules were counted until the 500^th Sertoli cell nuclei was reached. This counting procedure was used for each slide. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Tukey's test was used to compare apoptotic rates. In comparison with the control, GM-CSF alone lowered apoptosis by 34.77%. GM-CSF–treated tissue combined with SCF and LIF as well as GM-CSF combined with SCF, LIF, and E₂ reduced apoptosis when compared with the control (37.45% and 44.40%, respectively) or other treatment combinations. GM-CSF alone reduced apoptosis; results suggest possible synergy for the combinations of SCF and LIF with GM-CSF and for E₂ with SCF, LIF, and GM-CSF.     

Preliminary experiments on mechanical stretch-induced activation of skeletal muscle satellite cells in vivo

We have shown in vitro that mechanical stretch triggers activation of quiescent satellite cells of skeletal muscle to enter the cell cycle through an intracellular cascade of events including nitric oxide (NO) synthesis that results in the release of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) from its extracellular association and its subsequent presentation to signaling receptors. In order to explore the activation mechanism in vivo, stretch experiments were conducted in the living animal using our suspension model developed. This system used the weight of the hind portion of rats to stretch the inside muscles of the left hind limb suspended for a period of 0.5–2.0 h. At the end of the stretch period, the rats received an intraperitoneal injection of bromodeoxyuridine followed by immunocytochemistry for its incorporation as an index of satellite cell activation in vivo. Depending on the period of stretch, bromodeoxyuridine labeling was increased significantly over the contralateral unstretched leg or control muscle from untreated rats. A stretched muscle extract prepared from the 2 h stretched tissue by incubating it in PBS, showed the active form of HGF as revealed by immunoblotting and it could stimulate the activation of unstretched satellite cells. Also, administering NO synthase inhibitor L‐NAME prior to muscle stretch abolished the stretch activation of satellite cells. Therefore, the results from these experiments demonstrate that stretching muscle triggers NO synthesis and HGF release, which could activate satellite cells in vivo.     

Evaluation of single and double centrifugation tube methods for concentrating equine platelets

The aim of this study was to evaluate single and double centrifugation tube methods for concentrating equine platelets. Whole blood samples were collected from clinically normal horses and processed by use of single and double centrifugation tube methods to obtain four platelet concentrates (PCs): PC-A, PC-B, PC-C, and PC-D, which were analyzed using a flow cytometry hematology system for hemogram and additional platelet parameters (mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, mean platelet component concentration, mean platelet component distribution width). Concentrations of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta(1)) were determined in all the samples. Platelet concentrations for PC-A, PC-B, PC-C, and PC-D were 45%, 44%, 71%, and 21% higher, respectively, compared to the same values for citrated whole blood samples. TGF-beta(1) concentrations for PC-A, PC-B, PC-C, and PC-D were 38%, 44%, 44%, and 37% higher, respectively, compared to citrated whole blood sample values. In conclusion, the single and double centrifugation tube methods are reliable methods for concentrating equine platelets and for obtaining potentially therapeutic TGF-beta(1) levels.     

天然植物制剂“开口健”对小鼠淋巴细胞功能及营养生长因子的影响

目的：探讨口服＂开口健＂对小鼠淋巴细胞功能以及营养生长因子的影响。方法：36只ICR小鼠随机分为4组,即生理盐水组＂,开口健＂低、中、高剂量组。给小鼠连续灌胃10 d后,用MTT法检测淋巴细胞刺激指数,RT-PCR方法检测ConA刺激后淋巴细胞产生的IL-4、IL-10、IL-12和INF-γmRNA水平,ELISA方法检测小鼠血清胰岛素样生长因子（IGF-1）和生长激素释放肽（Ghrelin）水平。结果：口服＂开口健＂小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞SI显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）,并随＂开口健＂剂量的增加而升高;口服＂开口健＂小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞产生IL-4、IL-10、IL-12和IFN-γmRNA水平显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。口服＂开口健＂显著提高了小鼠血清的IGF-1和Ghrelin水平（P〈0.05）,且与＂开口健＂剂量呈正相关性。结论：口服＂开口健＂可增强小鼠淋巴细胞功能并提高血清营养生长因子水平。     

抽提条件对酶制剂中果胶酶活力测定的影响

用0．1mol/L氯化钠、0．02mol/L,pH7．4的磷酸缓冲液和蒸馏水,于40℃和4℃对浙江酶、华芬酶和Avizyme－1500酶制剂分别抽提1．5小时和12小时,对3种酶制剂中的果胶酶活力进行测定。结果表明：用0．1mol／L氯化钠于4℃抽提12小时,对浙江酶制剂中的果胶欧抽提效果最好;用蒸馏水于4℃抽提12小时,对华芬酶和Avizyme－1500酶制剂中的果胶酶抽提效果最好。     

Dynamics of Protein 27 of Avian Leukosis Virus and Transforming Growth Factor β2 in Lymphoid Leukosis Susceptible and Resistant Broiler Chicken Breeding Stock

The dynamics of the serum concentration of protein 27 (P27) of avian leukosis virus and transforming growth factor ₂ (TGF-₂) were compared during the period between 29 and 59 weeks of age in two flocks of broiler chicken breeding stock undergoing outbreaks of severe lymphoid leukosis (LL) associated with persistent high mortality (susceptible) and in another two flocks of breeding stock with the presence of avian leukosis virus in association with low mortality due to LL (resistant). The average mean concentration of serum P27 in the LL-susceptible flocks was significantly higher (<0.05) than that in the LL-resistant flocks in six out of seven samplings performed at 5-week intervals, between 29 and 59 weeks of age. The peak in the average rise of serum P27 in the LL-resistant flocks (309 pg/ml) was associated with the highest level of TGF-₂ (1282 pg/ml) among all flocks and at all sampling times. The significance of TGF-₂ in inhibition of lymphoid tumour development is discussed.     

大肠杆菌毒力因子agn43与生物被膜表型相关性研究

分别采用改良结晶紫半定量方法和常规PCR方法对180株宠物源性大肠杆菌进行生物被膜形成能力定量研究和相变抗原agn43检测,以分析大肠杆菌毒力因子agn43与生物被膜表型相关性。试验结果表明,30.1%(55/180)的菌株能够检测到agn43基因,96.4%(53/55)agn43阳性菌株具有不同程度的成膜能力,与无成膜能力组差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

生鲜牛乳中β-内酰胺酶快速检测报告

[目的]为快速、准确检测出生鲜牛乳中β-内酰胺酶,保证牛奶卫生安全。[方法]采用Snap法(酶联免疫法)检测生鲜牛乳中β-内酰胺酶,对新疆巴州辖区内17个奶站进行抽样检测。[结果]17份样品结果全部为阴性。[结论]对巴州辖区内17个奶站的生鲜牛乳进行了抽样检测β-内酰胺酶项目,17份样品结果全部为阴性,合格数17份,合格率为100%。     

Leukemia inhibitory factor protein and receptors are expressed in the bovine adrenal cortex and increase cortisol and decrease adrenal androgen release

The release of adrenal steroids during acute stress is primarily regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). In contrast, during chronic inflammatory stress additional factors are involved in regulating adrenal function. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that increases ACTH release from the pituitary. In addition, LIF and LIF receptors (LIFR) are expressed in the human adrenal cortex and the human adrenocortical tumor cell line H295R. Furthermore, LIF increases basal and ACTH-stimulated cortisol release from H295R cells. However, the expression of LIF and LIFR in non-human adrenal glands and the effects of LIF on the release of cortisol from adrenal cells of non-human species have not been determined. Furthermore, the effects of LIF on adrenal androgen release from all species are unknown. In this study, immunohistochemistry, Western blots, RT-PCR, and nucleotide sequencing was utilized to demonstrate that LIF and its receptor are expressed throughout the bovine adrenal cortex. Although LIF did not modify basal cortisol release from dispersed cells isolated from the bovine adrenal zona fasciculate, this cytokine increased ACTH-stimulated release of cortisol from these cells in a manner dependent on the LIF concentration and exposure interval. In contrast, LIF in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner decreased basal and ACTH-stimulated adrenal androgen release from dispersed cells isolated from the bovine adrenal zona reticularis. Because LIF release increases during inflammatory stress and this cytokine stimulates adrenal cortisol release and inhibits adrenal androgen release, this cytokine may play an important role in regulating the release of adrenal steroids during inflammatory stress.