黑龙江省东南部林区6种啮齿动物食性分析

为了准确掌握黑龙江省东南部地区对农林危害比较严重的啮齿动物的食性及食物量,以便更好地、有针对性地灭鼠,从而为林业部门预防鼠害提供科学依据,于2010年3月—2011年1月通过实地考察,对捕获的鼠进行解剖,并结合实验室喂养进行食物量测定。结果表明,种子和浆果是树栖型种类啮齿动物的主要食物,约占70%左右;而地栖型种类啮齿动物的食物存在明显的季节性和地域性差异。     

郏县文庙片区更新中历史文化资源的保护与利用

对河南郏县文庙片区的环境背景进行了分析,立足于其核心历史价值,对片区进行了详细规划设计。将片区的核心历史文化特色通过设计,在建筑、景观等层面表达出来,在保护古建筑的同时,借其核心优势,驱动整个片区的经济,并将部分收益返回来用于保护历史遗迹。通过案例的解析来阐明历史文化资源的有效保护利用手段。     

Performance evaluation of venturi aeration system

The venturi aeration is an effective practice to increase the dissolved oxygen accessibility in the water bodies. This study aims to optimize the various geometrical parameters of the venturi aeration system. A non-dimensional technique was applied to find the optimum performance of various geometric parameters i.e. throat lengths (t_l), number of air holes (N), and converging and diverging angles (α and β). These experiments have been carried out using 1124 L capacity of tank having dimensions of 105 cm long, 105 cm wide and 102 cm deep. The experiments were conducted at a constant flow velocity of water (1.096 m/s) with varying throat length (t_l = 20–100 mm keeping 20 mm as interval between two consecutive length), number of air holes (N = 1–17 at an equal hole to hole distance of 5 mm between them), and converging and diverging angles (α and β = 10°, 15°, 20° and 25°). Multiple non-linear regression equations were also developed from the linear relation with the dependent variable (Non-dimensional form of standard aeration efficiency, NDSAE) and independent variables (t_l and N). With the geometrically optimized venturi aerator the optimum performance was found for t_l =100 mm, N = 17, and α and β = 15°. The maximum value of standard oxygen transfer rate (SOTR) and standard aeration efficiency (SAE) obtained was 0.0216 kgO₂/h and 0.611 kgO₂/kWh respectively. From the non-dimensional study, it was found that the NDSAE is the function Reynolds number (Re) and Froude number (Fr). The simulation equations were developed on the basis of Re and Fr for NDSAE, and subjected to 7.378 × 10⁻⁶ < Re < 3.689 × 10^-5 and 0.163 < Fr < 0.817, respectively.     

浅析城市中心广场道路铺装材料生态性设计

道路铺装设计是城市中心广场设计中的重要组成部分,现越来越受到人们的重视。为创造出生态性的城市中心广场道路铺装景观,在分析城市中心广场道路铺装材料在生态性设计方面存在问题的基础上,提出城市中心广场道路铺装材料生态性设计的原则及要点,即在不影响正常使用的前提下尽量实现生态性要求,多应用透水、透气的环保铺地材料,遵循经济节约的原则,循环利用部分铺装材料,并以合肥万达广场道路为例,详细叙述了其道路铺装材料的基本形式和存在问题,进一步提出具体改造方案。     

恩格斯生态自然观对我国生态文明建设的启示

人与自然之间的关系问题是生态环境的根本问题,人既有自然属性又有社会属性,人与自然界既对立又统一,人们改造与利用自然界必须遵循客观发展规律,实现人与自然和谐共处。恩格斯的生态自然观对实现我国人与自然的和谐共处,建设美丽生态中国具有重要的现实意义。因此,要以恩格斯生态自然观为指导,积极开展生态文明教育,树立环保意识;大力倡导绿色消费模式,推动绿色发展。     

Field Evaluation of Cocksfoot,Tall Fescue and Phalaris for Dry Marginal Environments of South‐Eastern Australia. 1. Establishment and Herbage Production

Newly developed candidate cultivars of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. = syn. L. arundinaceum (Schreb) Darbysh.) were evaluated over four years for persistence and productivity against current commercial cultivars in small plots at five locations selected for lower and less reliable rainfall and difficult soils (low pH and high Al) in south‐eastern Australia known to be marginally too dry for these grass species. The five locations were ‐ representing summer dominant rainfall, Inverell, in northern New South Wales (NSW); ‐ representing uniform rainfall; Trungley Hall, (medium rainfall), and Beckom (lower rainfall) both in southern NSW; and; representing a winter dominant pattern ‐ Eversley, (higher rainfall), and Bealiba, (lower rainfall), in central Victoria. The objective was to determine if the new candidate cultivars were more likely to persist and to be productive than current commercial cultivars. The study showed that most phalaris and cocksfoot treatments were highly productive in high rainfall years at one or both sites in southern NSW. However, all treatments had become much less productive by the end of the experimental period due to plant loss under hot, dry conditions in the final summer. At Bealiba in central Victoria, cocksfoot was the most productive species with several cocksfoot treatments of both subsp. hispanica and subsp. glomerata still present at the final harvest despite a hot and dry final summer‐autumn. Tall fescue was the most productive species in the two higher rainfall environments (Inverell, Eversley) although most treatments of all species performed well at those sites. Continental tall fescues were more productive on average than Mediterranean tall fescues at the strongly acidic Eversley site. As a result of this work, two of the new cocksfoot candidates (Moroccan Fine and AVH48 Selection) and one of the tall fescue candidates (Summer Active 1) have been licensed for commercial development and release.     

绵山羊双羔素提高中国美利奴羊产羔率的研究

[目的]检验绵山羊双羔素的免疫效果,提高中国美利奴羊的繁殖率,增加养羊的经济效益。[方法]应用绵山羊双羔素(睾酮-3-羧甲基肟·牛血清白蛋白),在新疆维吾尔自治区巩乃斯种羊场和新疆生产兵团76团分别免疫中国美利奴新疆型羊841只和军垦型羊3 502只。[结果]新疆型试验组产羔率为143.68%,对照组产羔率为125.10%,试验组比对照组提高产羔率18.58%;军垦型试验组产羔率为120.27%,对照组产羔率为105.05%,试验组产羔率比对照组提高15.22%。[结论]绵山羊双羔素可以提高中国美利奴新疆型和军垦型羊的产羔率。     

基于SPEI_PM指数的渭河流域气象干旱时空演变特征

利用渭河流域25个气象站点1980−2018年月值气象数据集，基于Penman-Monteith蒸散模型计算多个时间尺度的标准化降水蒸散发指数（SPEI），分析渭河流域气象干旱的演变、趋势、影响范围、发生频率和持续时间等时空变化特征，以期为渭河流域防灾减灾管理提供科学依据。结果表明：（1）近39a来渭河流域有明显的干湿周期变化，但整体上呈变干的趋势，干旱时段主要集中在1995−2009年，其中以2000−2009年的干旱站次比最大，平均达到36%，且干旱持续时间最长，约3.6个月，1980−1989年干旱持续时间最短，约1.6个月；（2）渭河流域秋季总体呈湿润变化趋势，而春季和夏季干旱在不断加剧，是区域年际干旱的主要驱动力；（3）渭河流域干旱以危害性较小的轻中旱为主，但2000年前后出现严重及极端干旱的站次相对较多，其中1997年研究区内发生的干旱程度较高，影响范围较广；（4）不同时间尺度各等级干旱发生频率的变化规律表现一致，均呈现出干旱等级越高发生频率越低的态势，且极端干旱在年际尺度内发生次数较为频繁，从空间上看渭河流域东北部是干旱多发区。总之，近39a来渭河流域总体干旱较为严重的时段为2000−2009年，且研究区内干旱呈北重南轻特征，因此北部地区仍需加强防灾管理。     

人口老龄化对中国劳动力供给的影响分析

通过对中国人口统计的一些数据分析,研究了人口老龄化对中国劳动力供给的影响.研究结果表明,老龄化造成劳动力供给数量减少,同时老龄化影响中国劳动力供给质量.可采取应对措施:一是提高科技水平和人口素质,二是充分开发和利用老年人力资本.     

安徽省域耕地等别变化调查与质量建设对策

该文总结了安徽省域耕地等别分布现状、与上轮成果对比分析,分析了规律与原因,进而提出了定期更新耕地质量分等成果、完善耕地质量监管机制等方面的耕地质量建设对策,以期未来的耕地质量建设与管理更利于"双保"战略的落实。