氨胁迫对猪粪厌氧消化性能的影响

以猪粪为原料,采用批式试验方法,研究不同氨氮添加量(0、400、800、1600、2400、3200、4000 mg·L^-1)对厌氧消化产气效果的影响.结果表明:随着氨氮添加量的增加,总产气量和CH₄产率均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,氨氮添加量 ≥2400 mg·L^-1时,厌氧消化过程受到显著抑制;不同处理中猪粪挥发性固体(VS)的CH₄产率分别为328.5、338.1、323.2、304.9、276.2、124.9、56.1 mL·g^-1.氨氮添加量为0~800 mg·L^-1时,最大VS产CH₄速率分别为18.3、18.4、17.1 mL·g^-1·d^-1;氨氮添加量为2400 mg·L^-1时,产气高峰推迟,产CH₄速率明显降低;氨氮添加量 ≥400 mg·L^-1时,厌氧消化30 d底物的生物转化产CH₄效率随氨氮添加量的增加逐渐降低,分别为56.7%、54.5%、52.4%、30.6%、1.6%和1.3%;氨氮添加量为400~2400 mg·L^-1时,乙酸利用型产甲烷菌Methanosaeta的相对丰度总体随氨氮质量浓度的增加而降低,而氢利用型产甲烷菌Methanosarcina和Methanococcus具有相反的变化规律.     

鸡毒霉形体黏附素截短蛋白表达条件的优化

研究了培养温度、培养时间、培养基pH值以及异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(isopropylthio-β-D-galacto-side,IPTG)浓度等不同条件对鸡毒霉形体黏附素截短蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达量的影响。经SDS-PAGE分析表明:诱导温度为28℃、诱导时间为9 h、培养基pH值为7.0、IPTG浓度为0.010 mmol/L时目的蛋白在细菌裂解沉淀和上清液中均最大量表达,分别达到30%和17%左右。上清液经GST.Bind Resin亲和层析分离纯化后,洗脱产物中pMGAⅣ融合蛋白纯度高达95%。Western-blot分析表明,该蛋白可被鸡毒霉形体阳性血清识别,具有较好的免疫学活性。     

高原型牦母牛生产周期中体况评分变化监测

对240头牦母牛进行为期一年的体况评分监测,发现牦母牛体况变化与草地饲草的供给状况相一致,牦母牛体况变化基本规律为暖季表现为快速上膘,冷季呈现逐步消耗。体况评分最低的时期为5~6月份,最高在10月和11月份。体况消长变化呈现两年一周期的模式。     

山东五莲无花果栽培气候条件分析

为在山区五莲引进推广无花果栽培,本研究依托山东五莲本地历年汇编气象资料及近年气象数据,结合无花果的生物学特性,开展山东五莲无花果栽培气候适宜性分析,并对常见气象灾害及其防御进行探讨,分析五莲主要气候条件对无花果生长的影响。结果表明,对气象灾害采取适当的防范和补救,五莲气候条件基本满足无花果的生长发育。研究为进一步推广五莲县无花果的栽培,防御气象灾害,振兴农村经济提供借鉴和参考。     

森林浴及森林浴场的开发

开展森林浴活动,既是对森林的一种新的利用途径,又能满足人们渴望“回归大自然”、休闲保健的需求。开发森林浴场具有广阔的发展前景,但必须具备一定的资源环境条件,在森林浴场的选址和项目设施建设方面,也必须综合考虑森林浴的保健、休闲旅游功能。     

石羊河流域玉米棉铃虫发生气象条件分析预测

为深入了解石羊河流域玉米田棉铃虫的发生规律和准确预测其危害特征,以石羊河流域1999～2007年玉米田棉铃虫和气象资料为基础,运用膨化相关、SPSS统计软件进行逐步回归、方差分析,分析、模拟了气象因子与卵始见期、卵高峰持续期、高峰期百穗卵量关系和预测模型,模型回代检验效果较好.结果表明:棉铃虫累计百株卵量增长动态符合典型的"S"生长曲线,Nt=206.8536/1+e3.8130-0.3703t,呈缓慢增长-快速增长-减速增长.棉铃虫卵始见期与光热因子呈负相关,与风、水分因子呈正相关;高峰期百穗卵量与此恰恰相反.热量多、气温高使棉铃虫的繁殖力和生存力提高,棉铃虫卵出现早、年发生程度重.棉铃虫卵期、蛹期相对干旱利于卵的羽化,使卵出现早、卵量增加.     

MacCormack算法在长输管道瞬变流动仿真中的应用

为了提高长输管道仿真精度和速率,基于MacCormack格式基本原理和流动方程建立了长输液体管道水力瞬变流动仿真模型。以某管道为例,分别采用该仿真算法和特征线法模拟了阀门关闭和流量增加引起的瞬变流动,并探讨了MacCormack格式中不同边界条件处理方法及Courant常数值对模拟结果的影响。结果表明:MacCormack格式可用于精确仿真长输管道瞬变流动过程,采用特征线法求解预估层边界参数后,其振荡幅度、收敛速度均优于特征线仿真方法;同时,采用特征线法处理MacCormack格式边界条件较线性外插法更易收敛。研究成果可为长输管道瞬变流动仿真提供参考。(图8,表2,参22)     

不同立地条件下的沙棘栽植试验

在盐碱地、草场退化地、废弃地等不同立地下栽植沙棘,通过3年的试验研究（1998-2000年）,结果表明：沙棘在pH值为8．77～9．18的盐碱地栽植可以成活,草场围栏成效快,围护效果显著。废弃地栽植沙棘生长正常,株高达76．4cm,冠幅达79．2cm×76．2cm。     

福建省将乐县金溪建电站前后雨水情变化分析

本文通过对将乐县金溪建电站前的1953～1978年、建电站后的1990～2009年雨水情进行分析,结果表明:自然状态下的将乐县(1953～1978年)无论雨水大小,每年都有洪水超过警戒水位,年最大洪水发生时间在4～7月;1953～1978年有16年的当年最大洪峰水位发生在当年最大日降雨量当日至第16日内,频率为61.5...     

Associations between postpartum diseases and milk yield and changes in body condition between drying off and parturition of dairy cows in Argentina

ABSTRACT

Aims: To assess the change in body condition score (BCS) during the early and late dry periods and its association with postpartum diseases and milk yield in grazing dairy cows from central Argentina.

Methods: BCS assessments during the dry period, and cow health and milk production records up to 90 days in milk (DIM), were collated for cows from 28 farms at monthly visits between 2007 and 2008. Cows were categorised into four groups; those in Group 1 (n=7,067) maintained or gained BCS during the early and late dry periods; Group 2 (n=2,615) maintained or gained BCS during the early dry period and lost BCS during the late dry period; Group 3 (n=1,989) lost BCS during the early dry period and maintained or gained BCS during the late dry period; and Group 4 (n=5,144) lost BCS during the early and late dry periods.

Results: Cows in Group 1 had reduced odds of having retained fetal membranes (RFM), metritis, and clinical mastitis up to 90 DIM than cows in Group 2 (p<0.001), but the odds of disease were similar to cows in Group 3. The odds of having RFM or clinical mastitis tended to be lower in cows in Group 1 than cows in Group 4 (p=0.08). The odds of cows being culled or dying during the first 90 DIM were lower for cows in Group 1 than for those in Groups 2, 3, and 4 (p≤0.05). Mean accumulated milk yield up to 90 DIM was higher in cows in Group 1 than Group 2 and Group 4 (p<0.001), but was similar to that of cows in Group 3 (p=0.28).

Conclusions and clinical relevance: Cows that lost BCS during the late dry period had increased odds of being diagnosed with several postpartum diseases and had decreased milk yield compared to cows that maintained or gained BCS during the entire dry period. Loss of BCS during any stage of the dry period was also associated with increased incidence of culling or death during the first 90 DIM. These results should raise awareness among dairy cattle producers of the importance of properly managing cow body condition during the dry period, especially during the late dry period.