Prolonged elevated atmospheric CO2 does not affect decomposition of plant material

Prolonged elevated atmospheric CO₂ might alter decomposition. In a 90-day incubation study, we determined the long-term (9 years) impact of elevated CO₂ on N mineralization of Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens plant material grown at ambient and elevated CO₂ and low- and high-¹⁵N fertilizer additions. No significant differences were observed in recovery rates between any of the treatments, except an N addition effect was observed for L. perenne (0.4 versus 0.5% day^−1 in high versus low N). The results suggest that elevated CO₂ did not change plant N mineralization in any of the soils, because of a surplus of available N in the fertilized and leguminous systems, and because of insignificant plant responses to elevated CO₂ in the low soil N availability systems.     

苦瓜枯萎病抗性鉴定与抗性遗传规律研究

 以4 份田间抗性水平不同的苦瓜为材料,探讨了适用于苦瓜苗期人工接种枯萎病菌的抗性 鉴定方法;以此为基础,对来自国内外的43 份苦瓜种质资源进行了抗源筛选,以其中的抗病亲本‘0417’ 和感病亲本‘472113’为材料,研究了苦瓜对枯萎病抗性的遗传规律。结果表明,直接水培接种法是较适 合于苦瓜苗期枯萎病抗性鉴定的方法,适宜的接种菌液孢子浓度为4 × 106 · mL-1。在苦瓜种质资源中,枯 萎病抗源普遍存在,尤以野生种或半栽培种抗病性较强。苦瓜枯萎病抗性受单一显性核基因控制,其广 义遗传力为90.78%。     

稻草还田模式对稻田土壤速效氮、钾含量及晚稻生长的影响

设计了高桩翻耕抛栽、覆盖免耕抛栽和高桩免耕抛栽3种模式的田间小区试验。结果表明, 不同稻草还田模式对土壤NH₄⁺-N含量影响较大, 对土壤速效钾含量和土壤NO₃^--N含量影响不大; 高桩翻耕模式的土壤NH₄⁺-N、速效钾含量平均值比高桩免耕和覆盖免耕模式分别提高40.8%、7.5%和36.7%、2.0%; 高桩翻耕能促进水稻群体生长, 增加叶片叶绿素含量, 充分利用光能, 增强光合作用; 稻草还田以高桩翻耕模式的增产效果最好, 比高桩免耕、覆盖免耕分别增产5.8%和9.0%。以高桩翻耕稻草还田模式对土壤速效氮、钾含量及晚稻产量的影响最好。     

Growth Process of Eucalyptus urophylla × E.grandis Stand Based on Logistic Equation

Eucalyptus is the most valuable cultivated forest genus in the tropical and subtropical areas nowadays. It has been a challenge for foresters to model growth due to the genetic variations, management regimes, and multiple products generated from the plantations. In this paper, Logistic equation was used to study the stock growth process of E. urophylla × E. grandis plantation at age of 14 with 6 spacing treatments. And the biological interpretation of the parameters of Logistic equation was analyzed. The re...     

Estimating bark volumes for 16 native tree species on the Sierra Madre Occidental,Mexico

Abstract

The Sierra Madre Occidental ecoregion accommodates some of the richest biodiversity anywhere in North America and contains about two-thirds of the standing timber biomass in Mexico. Worldwide forest trees provide an industrial output of about 363 million cubic meters, with the volume of bark accounting for an estimated 10% of total tree volume, so that bark is a very important nonwoody product. In this study, the proportion of bark volume (PBV) and its correlation with selected tree characteristics as well as the relationship between total tree volume and wood volume (WV) and total volume and bark volume (BV) were calculated for the first time for the 16 common and commercially most important tree species in the temperate pine-oak forest region of El Salto (Durango) on the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico. Measurements were made on 2,027 felled trees. The PBV in the species investigated ranges from 0.129 to 0.260 depending on the species and genus, with a mean value of 0.175. BV and WV can be accurately estimated. The approach used in this study is simple and effective, and very user-friendly. The method is recommended for researchers wishing to develop bark models for other tree species.     

松材线虫rNDA-ITS1区分子检测与鉴定

利用两对松材线虫特异性引物，分别对来自日本、美国和葡萄牙的松材线虫虫样进行PCR检测，成功扩增出330bp和220bprDNA-ITS1区基因片段，该方法对松材线虫成虫或幼虫均能作出准确鉴定。     

菜豆晕疫病菌环介导等温核酸扩增检测方法的建立

为了建立菜豆晕疫病菌的环介导等温扩增方法,本试验利用菜豆晕疫病菌arg K特异性序列设计环介导等温核酸扩增(LAMP)引物,进行反应条件和反应体系的优化,并进行特异性和灵敏度验证。特异性检测结果显示,5株菜豆晕疫病菌的LAMP产物呈阳性结果,而参试的其他病原菌不产生扩增反应。LAMP检测基因组DNA和菌悬液时,其灵敏度分别达到0.632×10-4ng/μl和7.3×102CFU/ml,该方法比常规PCR灵敏度高100倍。表明本研究所建立的LAMP检测方法简便、快速、准确、灵敏,可有效应用于口岸菜豆晕疫病菌的检测。     

Vegetative Growth and Foliage Nutrient Content of Super Chief Apple under Different Irrigation and Fertigation Schedules in NW Himalayan Region

ABSTRACT

In the scheduling of nutrient supply programs, analysis of plant nutrient status has been found to be useful to prevent the deficiency or toxic effects of nutrients in any horticultural crop. So the present study was framed to assess the foliage nutrient content and vegetative growth under different irrigation and fertigation combination modules. Recently apple (Malus ×domestica) orchards in the state Himachal Pradesh of India have converted from the traditional royal delicious orchard at 6 × 6 m spacing with rainfed/basin irrigation to early spur varieties on dwarfing rootstock with drip irrigation, both with or without fertigation. An experimental field trial was started at the end of 2018 in a ‘Super Chief’/MM106 orchard at an experimental farm of the department of Soil Science & Water Management, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). A factorial experiment with 16 treatment combinations of 4 irrigation levels viz. I_{1 –} drip irrigation at 100% ETc, I_{2 –} drip irrigation at 80% ETc, I_{3 –} drip irrigation at 60% ETc, I_{4 –} conventional irrigation, and four fertigation levels viz. F_{0 –} No fertilizer application (absolute control), F_{1 –} 100% of AD (NPK), F_{2 –} 75% of AD (NPK) and F₃ – 50% of AD (NPK) were replicated thrice with 3 plants in each replication. Vegetative growth parameters and leaf nutrient contents were affected by both fertilization and water rate. Irrigation and nutrient levels and their interactions exhibited significant effect on leaf N (3.10%), P (0.28%), K (1.77%), and S (0.44%) contents. Significantly maximum contents were observed in the irrigation level I₁ (DI at 100% ETc). Among fertigation level, F₁ [100% AD (NPK)] recorded highest contents of leaf N (3.17%), P (0.29%), K (1.80%), S (0.46%). Interaction I₁F₁ registered maximum leaf N (3.36%), P (0.36%), K (1.92%) and S (0.63%).

With an increase in the water volume and an increasing dose of NPK, vegetative growth parameters, i.e., tree height, plant spread, tree volume, trunk girth, and annual extension growth were noted to increase proportionately. Treatment DI at 100% ETc (I₁), increased the tree height by 9.41, plant spread (EW by 32.0, NS by 16.3), tree volume by 61.36, trunk girth by 8.05, and annual extension growth by 14.22% over conventional irrigation (I₄). Drip fertigated trees with F₁ [100% AD (NPK)] reported the highest growth parameters. The results of two years apple trial suggested a positive effect of fertigation on enhanced effectiveness of fertilization and improved foliage nutrient content and vegetative growth.     

In vitro germination and plantlet establishment of Labisia pumila (Bl.) F. Vill.

In vitro seeds germination and plantlet establishment of Labisia pumila were studied in this report. The seeds obtained from the mature fruits of L. pumila were sterilized and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid media supplemented with 1–3 μM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 3% (w/v) sucrose. The presence of BAP in the medium significantly affects seeds germination. High percentage of seeds germination (up to 90%) was successfully achieved after 2 weeks of culture on medium supplemented with 2 μM BAP. Up to 70% of explants produced shoots through direct regeneration from newly emerged epicotyls after 5 weeks of culture. The average of 8.1 ± 1.0 shoots per explant obtained on media treated with 2 μM BAP. Seedlings were further transferred to growth media fortified with different types of cytokinin. Result observed after 12 weeks showed that medium supplemented with 1 μM zeatin (ZEA) promote the highest growth with an average of 2.9 ± 1.0 cm shoot length and 7.7 ± 3.2 leaves per explant after 12 weeks. In addition, medium added with 2 μM BAP and supplemented with 3–4% (w/v) of sucrose promote the best growth i.e., 3.0 ± 0.6 shoots per explant, 2.27 ± 0.2 cm length and 4.3 ± 0.5 leaves per explant.