铵态氮素促进甘薯块根形成的解剖特征及其IbEXP1基因的表达

This study chose Shangshu 19 (S19) and Jixu 23 (J23) categorized by valid tuber root number per plant as analyzing varieties and arranged treatment combinations consisted of two nitrogen forms ammonium nitrogen (A_N) and amide nitrogen (X_N) integrated with two nitrogen rates 60 kg hm^-2 (L_N60) and 180 kg hm^-2 (H_N180), using field and pot trial assays, plus a check treatment received no nitrogen supply in order to make research on the anatomical observation on sweet potato tuber root differentiation and expression characteristics of IbEXP1 gene associated with tuber root formation in ammonia nitrogen in 2014 and 2015. Our results showed that the storage root yield of Shangshu 19 associated with more valid tuber root number per plant was significantly higher than Jixu 23 at harvest stage, which was significant difference compared with each other. In addition, nitrogen levels and nitrogen forms had significant interaction effects. The 60 kg hm^-2 ammonium nitrogen treatment in two sweet potato genotypes achieved the highest final storage root yield in field experiment and showed higher valid tuber root number per plant, which attributed to the younger tubers whose root diameter between 0.5 cm and 5.0 cm during the canopy closure period. It had been observed that 60 kg hm^-2 ammonium nitrogen treatment possessed the most vessels in the primary xylem bundle and the lignified parenchyma cells of the stele tissues in the pre-cambial period, followed with possessing high level expression of IbEXP1 gene, the biggest root diameter and stele diameter and the most number of primary and secondary xylem bundles in the course of primary cambium growth. As the vascular cambium was initiated, relative expression of IbEXP1 gene at 60 kg hm^-2ammonium nitrogen treatment and the degree of parenchyma cells lignification were intermediate between no nitrogen application and high nitrogen treatments, however, the diameter of root and stele and the ratio of them were highest, which achieved the perfect harmony in lignification and division of parenchyma cells in tuberization.     

7种季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂对啶虫脒在防治烟粉虱的增效作用评价

采用温室盆栽法研究了7种季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂对啶虫脒在防治烟粉虱的增效作用,为阳离子助剂在杀虫剂领域的开发利用提供一定的依据。结果表明：季铵盐阳离子1227、12143、31506与啶虫脒混用,在高浓度（200mg/L）处理下增效作用明显;1427、31551、31527与啶虫脒混用可延长其持效期;31503无增效作用。     

N,N-二亚乙基双丙烯酰胺与魔芋葡甘聚糖接枝共聚反应的研究

[目的]为了进一步开发利用魔芋资源,改善其黏度及水溶性。[方法]硝酸铈铵引发魔芋葡甘聚糖与N,N-二亚乙基双丙烯酰接枝共聚,并对接枝共聚物的部分性质进行研究。[结果]接枝共聚反应最佳条件为:N,N-二亚乙基双丙烯酸胺浓度1.5 mol/L,硝酸铈铵浓度8.0 mmol/L,反应温度60℃,反应时间2.5 h。[结论]接枝共聚物的水溶性及溶液黏度增强,可用作工业增稠剂和上浆剂。     

一种采用阴离子交换柱快速纯化Taq DNA聚合酶的方法

通过37℃恒温振荡培养含有Taq DNA聚合酶基因的E.coli菌株,并用IPTG诱导该基因表达获得TaqDNA聚合酶蛋白,利用40％硫酸铵沉淀该蛋白后溶解于storage buffer中.此法获得的Taq DNA聚合酶带负电荷,因此采用阴离子交换柱纯化蛋白.试验结果表明,此法与传统的透析方法相比能快速地去除生物小分子杂质,同时去除透析方法无法除去的杂蛋白;既能保证Taq DNA聚合酶的生物学活性,同时能缩短纯化时间、提高Taq DNA聚合酶的纯度.以土壤微生物DNA、水稻cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增并对扩增产物进行测序,结果显示纯化后的Taq DNA聚合酶具有较高的扩增效率和保真性.     

肥料增效剂对水稻产量、土壤及地表水中无机氮的短期效应

采用大田试验,研究了3种肥料增效剂与化肥减量配施对水稻产量、稻田土壤和水体中铵态氮及硝态氮动态变化的影响。试验结果表明,通过配施肥料增效剂,在保证水稻产量前提下,可以减少10%~15%的肥料用量;水稻生长前期,3种肥料增效剂均能一定程度地降低土壤中硝态氮含量,但在水稻生长后期对土壤、水体中铵态氮和硝态氮的短期效益不明显。     

Synthesis of a trimethy quaternary ammonium salt of wheat-alkali-lignin under microwave irradiation.

为研究微波辐照下碱木质素的反应活性,以造纸黑液中提取的麦草碱木质素为原料,在微波辐照下合成麦草碱木质素三甲基季铵盐,并研究了反应温度、反应时间及催化剂等因素对合成的影响。初步确定合成条件为：温度75℃,反应时间25min,不加催化剂（微波可替代催化剂）。并用酸性黑ATT染料溶液对麦草碱木质素三甲基季铵盐的絮凝性能进行了研究。结果表明：当麦草碱木质素三甲基季铵盐投加量为600mg／L、pH值在1-2．5之间时,苴对0．15g/L酚件里ATT的脯俪蜜招讨90％．     

微波辐照合成麦草碱木质素三甲基季铵盐的分散与絮凝性能

以造纸黑液中提取的麦草碱木质素为原料,在微波辐照下合成了麦草碱木质素三甲基季铵盐,检测其絮凝和分散性能。结果表明:麦草碱木质素三甲基季铵盐的表面张力随着质量浓度的增加而降低,当质量浓度为500 mg/L时,表面张力为63.64 mN/m,水溶液表面张力降低效果不明显;对碳酸钙颗粒具有一定的分散性能,可以将其作为阻垢剂使用;对酸性染料酸性红B和酸性橙GG均有脱色作用,且对酸性橙GG的脱色率更高;质量浓度为300 ～500 mg/L、pH值不高于3时,对质量浓度为1 000 mg/L的高岭土胶体颗粒悬浮液具有絮凝沉降作用。      

铵态氮肥不同施肥水平对猪毛菜产量及品质的影响

采用田间试验和化学分析相结合的方法研究了铵态氮肥(磷酸二铵)不同施肥水平对猪毛菜产量及品质的影响,以期确定人工栽培猪毛菜的铵态氮肥的合理施肥量。结果表明:随着施肥量的增加,猪毛菜的产量、氨基酸含量、维生素C含量均有不同程度的升高,达到一定施肥量时则呈降低趋势,只有硝酸盐含量达到一定施肥量时陡然降低,之后又升高,为了保证高产优质,人工栽培猪毛菜的铵态氮肥的合理施肥量应为57.5g/m2(或570kg/hm2)左右。     

The influence of nitrate and ammonium forms of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and osmoregulation of digitaria eriantha and Chloris gayana grown under saline conditions

Abstract

Digltaria eriantha and Chloris gayana were grown under controlled conditions for three months and were treated with a nutrient solution containing 150 mMol NaCl and the following nitrogen sources: 25 or 200 mg/l NH₄ ⁺‐N or NO₃ ^?‐N or no nitrogen. The application of nitrogen was found to stimulate growth, i.e. leaf area and dry mass in both grasses, with a greatest growth response to both NH₄ ⁺—N treatments in D. eriantha, and NH₄ ⁺‐N and NO₃ ^?—N treatments in C. gayana. Proline accumulated in both grasses, but this accumulation followed different trends in the two grasses. Soluble sugars (non‐structural) accumulated in the above ground component in D. eriantha, while in C. gayana soluble sugars accumulated predominantly in the roots, possibly as osmotica, or for storage and may thus have been available for regrowth.     

Lactogenic hormones stimulate expression of lipogenic genes but not glucose transporters in bovine mammary gland

During the onset of lactation, there is a dramatic increase in the expression of glucose transporters (GLUT) and a group of enzymes involved in milk fat synthesis in the bovine mammary gland. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the lactogenic hormones mediate both of these increases. Bovine mammary explants were cultured for 48, 72, or 96 h with the following hormone treatments: no hormone (control), IGF-I, insulin (Ins), Ins + hydrocortisone + ovine prolactin (InsHPrl), or Ins + hydrocortisone + prolactin + 17β-estradiol (InsHPrlE). The relative expression of β-casein, α-lactalbumin, sterol regulatory element binding factor 1 (SREBF1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA), stearyol-CoA desaturase (SCD), GLUT1, GLUT8, and GLUT12 were measured by real-time PCR. Exposure to the lactogenic hormone combinations InsHPrl and InsHPrlE for 96 h stimulated expression of β-casein and α-lactalbumin mRNA by several hundred-fold and also increased the expression of SREBF1, FASN, ACACA, and SCD genes in mammary explants (P < 0.01). However, those hormone combinations had no effect on GLUT1 or GLUT8 expression and inhibited GLUT12 expression by 50% after 72 h of treatment (P < 0.05). In separate experiments, the expression of GLUTs in the mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11 or in bovine primary mammary epithelial cells was not increased by lactogenic hormone treatments. Moreover, treatment of dairy cows with bovine prolactin had no effect on GLUT expression in the mammary gland. In conclusion, lactogenic hormones clearly stimulate expression of milk protein and lipogenic genes, but they do not appear to mediate the marked up-regulation of GLUT expression in the mammary gland during the onset of lactation.