等离子体脉冲荷电喷雾装置

设计了一套用于荷电喷雾的高压脉冲电源和等离子发生环 ,详细介绍了脉冲电源电路、电极结构和脉冲荷电喷雾系统 ,分析了脉冲电源的荷电原理 ,检测了系统的荷质比。理论分析和试验结果表明 :在同样试验条件下 ,脉冲电源优于普通直流高压电源 ,具有起晕电压低、能耗省、工作平稳、结构紧凑等特点 ,可靠、经济、实用     

生物质气化发电技术相关问题的研究

随着我国经济的高速发展,能源短缺和环境污染问题日益严峻.生物质能作为一种理想的可再生能源,由于其在燃烧过程中二氧化碳净排放量近似于零,可有效地减少温室效应和环境污染,因而越来越受到世界各国的关注.为此,重点讨论了生物质气化发电技术的相关问题-气化炉的选取、焦油的处理、系统投资和运行成本,并进行了财务分析,从而得出生物质气化技术是生物质能最有效、最经济和最洁净的利用方式.     

旱区覆膜滴灌棉田N 2 O排放对化肥减量有机替代的响应

覆膜滴灌条件下,采用静态箱-气相色谱法研究了不同施肥策略:CK(不施肥)、CF(N 300 kg/hm~2;P2O590 kg/hm~2;K2O 60 kg/hm~2)、60%CF+OF(普通有机肥6 000 kg/hm~2)、60%CF+BF(生物有机肥6 000 kg/hm~2)对棉田土壤N_2O排放的影响,旨在明确滴灌棉田连续不同施肥策略下土壤N_2O的排放特征。结果表明,棉花生育期N_2O排放通量表现为施肥处理大于不施肥处理,滴灌施肥后第3/4天N_2O排放通量顺序为CF60%CF+OF60%CF+BFCK,而滴灌后第7/8天N_2O排放通量则表现为有机肥处理高于化肥处理,滴灌施肥结束后表现与之相同;生育期的N_2O排放总量以100%化肥处理(CF)最高,与其相比,60%CF+OF和60%CF+BF处理分别降低3.75%和8.37%,N_2O排放系数则分别降低1.39%和73.8%;相关及通径分析均表明,与土壤NH+4-N相比,NO-3-N与N_2O排放的关系更密切。     

寒带无人值守机房冬季节能及补热方式

黑龙江冬季寒冷且时间长，各无人值守机房在冬季将消耗大量电能来取暖。由于无线移动基站很多，采取节能方式将降低运行成本。为此，介绍了一种节能和补偿热量方式，其实际应用效果显著。     

生物质热解液化制取燃油的综合效益分析

在我国,生物质能是一种重要的可再生能源,储量巨大,但由于其能量利用率不高,绝大多数还是低效率的直接燃烧.根据现有的技术条件和发展趋势,可将这些生物质在产地进行热解液化处理,建立生物燃油生产工厂,得到的生物燃油可以直接应用或再处理.为此,针对生物质热解液化技术的推广应用所带来的巨大综合效益进行了较全面的阐述和分析,以期对今后生物质热解液化技术的发展提供参考.     

生态家园中沼气发酵产物的综合利用

根据我国农业结构调整、农场城镇化建设、农业增效、职工增收和生态环境建设这一战略重点,沿着生态家园富民计划这条主线,提高沼气在农村能源结构中的比重,把实施沼气综合利用技术作为解决"三农"问题的重要措施.为此,对沼气、沼液、沼渣的综合利用进行了分析.     

Simulation of drainage water quality with DRAINMOD

The design and management of drainage systems should consider impacts on drainage water quality and receiving streams, as well as on agricultural productivity. Two simulation models that are being developed to predict these impacts are briefly described. DRAINMOD-N uses hydrologic predictions by DRAINMOD, including daily soil water fluxes, in numerical solutions to the advective-dispersive-reactive (ADR) equation to describe movement and fate of NO₃-N in shallow water table soils. DRAINMOD- CREAMS links DRAINMOD hydrology with submodels in CREAMS to predict effects of drainage treatment and controlled drainage losses of sediment and agricultural chemicals via surface runoff. The models were applied to analyze effects of drainage intensity on a Portsmouth sandy loam in eastern North Carolina. Depending on surface depressional storage, agricultural production objectives could be satisfied with drain spacings of 40 m or less. Predicted effects of drainage design and management on NO₃-N losses were substantial. Increasing drain spacing from 20 m to 40 m reduced predicted NO₃-N losses by over 45% for both good and poor surface drainage. Controlled drainage further decreases NO₃-N losses. For example, predicted average annual NO₃-N losses for a 30 m spacing were reduced 50% by controlled drainage. Splitting the application of nitrogen fertilizer, so that 100 kg/ha is applied at planting and 50 kg/ha is applied 37 days later, reduced average predicted NO₃-N losses but by only 5 to 6%. This practice was more effective in years when heavy rainfall occurred directly after planting. In contrast to effects on NO₃-N losses, reducing drainage intensity by increasing drain spacing or use of controlled drainage increased predicted losses of sediment and phosphorus (P). These losses were small for relatively flat conditions (0.2% slope), but may be large for even moderate slopes. For example, predicted sediment losses for a 2% slope exceeded 8000 kg/ha for a poorly drained condition (drain spacing of 100 m), but were reduced to 2100 kg/ha for a 20 m spacing. Agricultural production and water quality goals are sometimes in conflict. Our results indicate that simulation modeling can be used to examine the benefits of alternative designs and management strategies, from both production and environmental points-of-view. The utility of this methodology places additional emphasis on the need for field experiments to test the validity of the models over a range of soil, site and climatological conditions.     

耕地保护与可持续发展的辩证思考

国土资源尤其是耕地资源的有效保护与合理利用．是我国可持续发展的重要资源保障，耕地保护与全面建设小康社会密切相关。为此．从耕地保护对社会发展的重大意义出发，分析了耕地保护中的基本矛盾．并就耕地资源的可持续利用提出了建议。     

厌氧氨氧化工艺在废水脱氮领域中的应用进展

厌氧氨氧化是一种全新的生物脱氮工艺。对于处理低碳氮比废水,与传统方法相比,它具有节省氧耗、无需外加有机碳源、污泥产量低等优点。近年来,随着基础研究的逐渐深入,各国学者开始将研究视角转向厌氧氨氧化工艺的实际应用。本文对该工艺在消化污泥上清液、垃圾渗滤液等实际废水脱氮研究中的进展进行了综述,并指出了目前存在的问题和今后的研究方向。     

杭州城市发展对水资源的需求分析及解决对策

水是城市发展中的重要资源,杭州社会经济的快速发展对水资源的量与质都提出了新要求。为此,通过调查杭州水资源的现状,分析了杭州城市发展与水资源的需求矛盾,就解决两者之间矛盾以下促进杭州经济、社会、环境等可持续性发展提出了几点建设性对策。