土壤酸度对大豆、油菜生长和产量的影响

 两个盆栽试验结果显示，施用石灰石粉和钙镁磷肥能显著促进大豆生长和根瘤形成，并能提高产量，施用石灰增加了大豆植株Ca含量，但减少其K含量；施用磷肥增加植株的P含量，但减少植株的Ca的含量，大豆的根瘤数和籽粒产量与土壤pH、交换性Ca和Al及铝饱和度之间呈显著相关。10年的石灰石粉长期定位试验结果表明，在施用钙镁磷肥的条件下，施用3750kg/hm#+2石灰石粉即可使油菜获得高产，但适当过量施用石灰并未使油菜减产。要使红壤油菜获得最佳产量，必须使土壤pH值提高到5.9以上,而交换性铝降至1.0cmol(+)/kg以下。     

高效溶磷菌株Bmp5筛选及活力和培养条件的研究

从不同地区的土壤样品中分离出11株微生物菌株，其中菌株Bmp5表现出较高的溶磷活力．对比研究发现，Bmp5对磷酸钙、磷酸铁、卵磷脂的溶解能力明显高于荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas fluorescens As1．867，对磷酸氢钙的溶磷量是巨大芽孢杆菌Bacillus megaterium As1．223的2．17倍．培养条件优化试验表明，Bmp5的适宜pH范围为5．5～8．0，最适碳源为草酸铵、甘油，最适氮源为草酸铵，最佳培养温度为35℃．金属离子Fe^3＋、Ca^2＋、Mn^2＋、Zn^2＋对Bmp5解磷能力有一定的促进作用，而Cu^2＋、Ni^2＋则抑制其解磷．经鉴定，Bmp5为蜡状芽孢杆菌B．cereus．     

宁夏引黄灌区灌淤土壤磷累积状况及磷肥肥效研究

宁夏第二次土壤普查结果表明,灌淤耕地速效磷含量明显提高,平均含量由1985年的16.3 mg/kg增加到现在28.04 mg/kg.吴忠市利通区东塔乡国家农业科技示范园区磷肥肥效试验研究表明:土壤速效磷含量在50～60 mg/kg高水平下,小麦套玉米施磷效果较低,小麦玉米总产量肥料函数效应达显著水平.施P2O5最大量1...     

沙漠颗粒物对磷酸盐的吸附行为研究

研究了乌兰布和沙漠和库布齐沙漠颗粒物中的磷含量及其在黄河水体中对磷酸盐（P）的等温吸附行为。结果表明：（1）不同沙漠颗粒物中无机磷（IP）、有机磷（OP）和总磷（TP）含量有所差别,其平均值分别为257.70μg/g、42.65μg/g和312.39μg/g;（2）沙漠颗粒物对磷的吸附行为既受温度影响,也随颗粒物的种类...     

我国磷酸一铵、磷酸二铵产品质量状况浅析

通过总结1999~2006年磷酸一铵、磷酸二铵产品质量国家监督抽查结果,分析了我国磷酸一铵、磷酸二铵产品质量状况,指出我国该类产品质量较好,但限于磷矿资源不足,矿源复杂,质量控制越来越困难。同时,该类产品农田使用量降低,多数用做复混肥料原料,应加大施肥技术推广。     

Phosphate Fertilizers for Sugarcane Used at Pre-Planting (Phosphorus Fertilizer Application)

Phosphate applications are still rare in sugarcane cultivation and can be done with phosphorus fertilizers of residual over. This study aims to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilization before sugarcane planting and its effect on sugarcane yield. The study was carried out over three crop cycles at the Jalles Machado sugar-mill in Goianésia, GO, Brazil. The treatments consisted of five different phosphorus sources (soluble and insoluble) applied at a rate of 300 kg ha^?1 phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅). The phosphorus fertilizers used were: triple superphosphate, mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP), Arad rock phosphate, Itafós rock phosphate, and magnesium term phosphate. The effects of these fertilizers were evaluated by plant height (ground to Top Visible Dewlap; TVD), leaf phosphorus content, agronomic efficiency, and sugarcane yield from cane-plants, first ratoon, and second ratoon. Magnesium term phosphate and triple superphosphate resulted in greater plant-cane height. Leaf phosphorus concentrations were highest with applications of MAP, magnesium term phosphate, and triple superphosphate. Phosphate applications did not affect sugarcane plant yield, but did increase ratoon yield. In general, the residual effect of insoluble phosphate increased over the years. The agronomic efficiency (AE) of phosphate was (in descending order): triple superphosphate (100%), term phosphate (89%), MAP (80%), Itafós rock phosphate (67%), and Arad rock phosphate (60%).     

Single and double inoculation with Azospirillum/Trichoderma: the effects on dry bean and wheat

A plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (Azospirillum brasilense Sp7) and a bio-control fungus, which can solubilize insoluble phosphorus (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai 1295-22), were evaluated for their single and combined effects on dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in soil. A pot experiment with bean and a field experiment with both bean and wheat were established. In contrast to single inoculation of Trichoderma, the single inoculation of Azospirillum and the double inoculation did not significantly (P >0.05) increase nodule numbers and nodule mass at 45 days after planting in pot grown beans. However, the Azospirillum inoculation with supplementary phosphorus significantly (P <0.05) increased nodule mass. There were no significant (P >0.05) differences among the inoculation treatments for plant dry weight, total plant nitrogen, and total plant phosphorus at 45 days after planting in both pot and field experiments with bean. However, the combined inoculation and rock phosphate application at 1 Mg ha^–1 significantly (P <0.05) increased bean seed yield, total seed nitrogen and phosphorus in the bean field trial. This treatment more than doubled the mentioned properties compared to the control. The microbial inoculations, with the exception of the combined inoculation, significantly (P <0.05) increased total seed nitrogen, but never affected seed yield in the wheat field trial (P >0.05). The combined inoculation improves many plant and yield parameters and, therefore, has some advantages over single inoculation provided that rock phosphate was supplied at an amount not exceeding 1 Mg ha^–1. Higher rock phosphate application rates decreased many plant and yield parameters in our study.This work was carried out at Gaziosmanpaa University, Tokat, Turkey.     

施肥对金沙江干热河谷退化草地土壤微生物的影响

在金沙江干热河谷区的退化草地上进行了2年的氮磷施肥试验,试验结束后分析了土壤特性及土壤微生物数量和生物量的变化。结果表明,在施氮量为5 ,15g/ (m2 ·a)时,土壤微生物的数量和生物量均没有明显变化,而当施氮量增加到2 5g/ (m2 ·a)时,土壤微生物的数量和生物量比对照明显增加。施磷没有引起土壤微生物数量和生物量的明显增加。施氮和施磷均没有引起土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌组成的变化。这表明氮虽然影响土壤微生物的数量,但对土壤微生物的组成没有影响。施氮导致土壤硝态氮增加,但对氨态氮影响不大,硝态氮可能是影响土壤微生物数量的重要因素。施氮和施磷后植物群落地上生物量均出现增加的趋势,但土壤有机质没有明显增加。施氮和施磷也没有引起土壤pH和含水率的明显改变。我们的试验结果表明,在干热河谷退化草地生态系统,仅靠短期施用无机肥料恢复土壤微生物群落是困难的