Microemulsion-based palm kernel oil extraction using mixed surfactant solutions

This study introduces a novel technique using surfactant microemulsion-based oil seed extraction. To achieve this objective, microemulsion formation with palm kernel oil was studied first. Then, the selected microemulsion system was used for palm kernel extraction. The results showed that the mixed surfactant of 3 wt% Comperlan KD and either 0.1 wt% Alfoterra145-5PO or 145-8PO provided an ultralow interfacial tension with the palm kernel oil (0.0197 and 0.0359 mN/m, respectively). By using those two aqueous surfactant systems for palm kernel oil extraction, the extraction efficiency was 93.99 and 94.13% at the optimum crushed kernel size between 0.212 and 0.425 mm, using 1 g seed load to 10 ml of solution and 30 min of contact time. The extracted oil quality was evaluated for water content, fatty acids composition and surfactant partitioning into oil phase. The results showed that the quality of the oil obtained using the surfactant microemulsion-based technique is of similar or better quality than when extracted by hexane solvent.     

香榧种子油脂形成过程的理化性质及脂肪酸分析

通过对浙江省诸暨县香榧4个品种类型的分析结果表明:香榧在种子形成过程中,含油率不断增加,到9月上旬达到最高,细榧为54.48％,米榧53.52％,芝麻榧51.66％,圃榧47.48％;油脂中不饱和脂肪酸随着种子成熟不断提高,细榧为81.68％,米榧80.60％,芝麻榧78.09％,圆榧77.78％,而饱和脂肪酸即逐渐减少,其中油酸和亚油酸有明显的负相关。随着种子成熟油脂含量提高,糖类减少,酸值和碘值下降,品质不断完善。细榧品质最佳,其次是米榧和芝麻榧。     

极香罗勒芳香油成分GC-MS分析

采用超临界CO2萃取技术,对极香罗勒芳香油进行了萃取,并利用气相色谱—质谱法(GC-MS)对芳香油成分进行了鉴定。结果表明:芳香油的主要成分为萜类物质共34种,占总芳香油的46.47%;脂肪酸类3种,占总芳香油的34.61%;芳香族醚类化合物有3种,总芳香油的7.84%;酯类有2种,占总芳香油的3.91%;烃类2种,占总芳香油的1.86%。芳香油中相对含量最高的是亚麻酸,占总芳香油的27.69%;其次是芳樟醇,占总芳香油的12.96%;其它含量较高的成分依次是(+)表-双环倍半水芹烯(7.53%)、m-丁香酚(5.88%)。     

我国东部输油管道的技术发展

随着大庆油田的开发，20世纪70年代是国内原油管道建设第一次高潮，并由此奠定了我国原油管道设计、建设的基础，形成了一定的技术和管理模式。为了缩小与国际先进管道技术的差距，引进了德、英、日、美、加拿大等9个国家的先进技术和装备，于1990年建成了我国第一条用SCADA技术控制运行的东黄复线，此后东部地区的一些原油管道也先后进行了改造。根据东部地区输油管道建设和发展的实际状况，探讨了适合该地区原油管道技术和管理的发展方向。     

Changes in chemical composition of Phoenix canariensis Hort. Ex Chabaud palm seed oil during the ripening process

The aim of this investigation is to compare the physicochemical properties and chemical composition of Phoenix canariensis seed oil at different stages of seed date ripening. It was demonstrated that the saponification number of the oil increases during the maturation from 179.24 to 191.28 (mg KOH/g of oil), whereas the seed oil yield, the iodine number, the p-anisidine value, the peroxide value, the acidity and the unsaponifiable matter decrease from 14.73% to 10.36%, from 89.37 to 76.66 (g/100 g of oil), from 5.51 to 3.67, from 17.66 to 3.62 (mequiv. O₂/kg of oil), from 1.49% to 0.59% and from 2.72% to 1.77%, respectively. The tocol content increases as the maturity advanced. The percentages of sterols show continuous changes during ripening. The saturated fatty acid content increases throughout the ripening process. The oleic fatty acid content decreases during the seeds maturation, but increases at the end, whereas linoleic acid content initially shows an increase, and then a decrease. The total phosphorus content decreases during the period of ripening. The three samples of the seed oil show a high kinetic stability during the heating and cooling, as characterised by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC curves reveal an increase in the melting point from −7.73 °C to 3.71 °C but the melting enthalpy remains the same, 62.06 J/g, during the ripening of the dates.     

灵芝孢子粉中孢子油提取及生物活性的研究

采用超临界CO2萃取法提取灵芝孢子油,通过正交试验确定最佳萃取条件是：萃取压力、温度、时间分别为25MPa、45℃、60min,CO2流量25L／h,在此条件下出油率可达3.96％。灵芝孢子油具有清除NaNO2和DPPH（1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl）自由基的作用,并且其清除作用随孢子油用量的增加而增加。     

大豆高脂肪组合初世代脂肪含量相关性研究Ⅰ——F2代高脂肪组合脂肪含量相关性研究

试验选择高产或高脂肪的7个大豆亲本,根据不同配制方案分成两组,采用NCII设计,配成8个组合.探讨杂交初世代(F2～F4)脂肪含量与组合的配置方案、产量、百粒重及亲本的相关性,加快高脂肪大豆选育进程.结果表明:F2代脂肪含量与组合的配制呈极显著相关,高×高的配制方案出现高脂肪材料的几率高;与单株粒重的相关出现不同的情况,5个组合呈正相关、3个组合呈负相关;与百粒重的相关表现为负相关.F2代脂肪含量与父本的脂肪含量呈一定的正相关,但不显著;与母本脂肪含量及中亲值呈极显著的正相关.     

加降凝剂输油技术的现状及发展方向

输油管道添加降凝剂是改善原油代温流变性的一种物理化学方法，从降凝剂的筛选和复配，处理条件，应用方式，配套设施、应用效果等方面系统地介绍了含蜡原油添加降凝剂输送工艺的研究及应用现状，指出了降凝剂在研究和应用中存在的问题，对添加降凝剂的输油技术进行了客观评价，展望了降凝输油技术的发展方向。     

库鄯线INERGEN气体自动灭火系统

介绍了库鄯输油道采用的ＩＮＥＲＧＥＮ气体自动灭火系统的组成、特点、工艺及操作主要设备参数以及测试方法等，对该系统的维护及保养提出了几点建议，该系统的建立可有效地保护库鄯输油管道首末站的站控室，通信机房、ＵＰＳ间及减压站的柴油发电机房、配电室，站控室，通信机房及ＵＰＳ间等。