壳聚糖/海藻酸钠固定木聚糖酶的研究

[目的]研究游离酶和固定化酶的酶学性质,并对壳聚糖固定木聚糖酶进行优化研究。[方法]以海藻酸钠和壳聚糖2种载体对木聚糖酶进行固定化,测定游离酶和固定化酶的活力。[结果]结果表明,壳聚糖吸附交联法、海藻酸钠包埋法固定木聚糖酶的固定率分别为51.8%、31.8%,Km值分别为0.524、0.748 g/L,游离酶的Km值为0.687 g/L。2种载体固定化木聚糖酶的酸碱稳定性均明显提高,最适反应温度和最适贮藏温度虽均与游离酶相同(最适反应温度是50℃,最适贮藏温度是30℃),但前者的适宜温度范围明显变宽;并且固定化酶提高了游离酶的贮藏稳定性。[结论]采用壳聚糖吸附交联法、海藻酸钠包埋法固定化木聚糖酶具有一定的工业应用价值。     

海藻酸钠包埋固定胆红素氧化酶的优化

为改善胆红素氧化酶性质,提高酶的使用效率,以海藻酸钠为载体,采用包埋法固定了胆红素氧化酶,并优化了固定化条件,研究了固定化胆红素氧化酶的酶学性质.结果表明:海藻酸钠的质量浓度为0.10 g·mL-1、CaCl,浓度为0.20 mol·L-1、固定时间为1 h、酶的固定化效果最好,固定化酶的平均酶活力回收率达32%,固定...     

葡萄糖酸亚铁固体脂质纳米粒的制备工艺研究

[目的]探索葡萄糖酸亚铁固体脂质纳米粒的制备方法。[方法]采用两步W/O/W乳化方式制备葡萄糖酸亚铁固体脂质纳米粒(SLN)。以包埋率为指标,研究内外相、油水相体积比,卵磷脂浓度对SLN包埋率的影响。[结果]试验确定当内相中水相与油相的体积比为0.2,外水相与内相乳状液的体积比为5∶1,卵磷脂浓度为5%时,SLN的包埋率取得最大值,为52.48%。在内水相引入海藻酸钠(1∶2,W/W)的结果表明,SLN的包埋率增大,为59.03%,粒径、Zeta电位和多分散系数发生变化。体外释放试验表明,SLN能起到保护葡萄糖酸亚铁经受胃酸环境的作用,并在模拟肠液中表现为突释的释放效果。[结论]固体脂质纳米粒对葡萄糖酸亚铁有较好的保护及释放效果,可为无机铁补充剂的生产提供新的技术手段。     

2种复合涂膜保鲜剂对哈密瓜软化生理的影响

以1.5%羧甲基壳聚糖和1.5%海藻酸钠为原料制备2种复合涂膜保鲜剂,对哈密瓜进行涂膜贮藏试验,通过测定哈密瓜的硬度、电导率、丙二醛(MDA)、果胶酶(PG)、纤维素酶以及脂氧合酶(LOX)等指标,分析2种复合涂膜保鲜剂对延缓哈密瓜软化的效果。结果表明:贮藏35 d时海藻酸钠组和羧甲基壳聚糖组的的硬度分别为0.80和0.71 kg/cm~2,MDA含量为别为1.82和4.80 U/mg,PG活性分别为2.61和3.44U/mg,纤维素酶活性分别为3.92和3.83 U/mg,LOX酶含量分别为5.13和5.74 U/mg。2种复合涂膜都能保持较高的果实硬度,降低哈密瓜的电导率,维持较低的PG酶和纤维素酶活性,降低LOX酶活性,抑制哈密瓜果实软化。     

A Novel Alginate Lyase: Identification,Characterization, and Potential Application in Alginate Trisaccharide Preparation

Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have many biological activities and significant applications in prebiotics, nutritional supplements, and plant growth development. Alginate lyases have unique advantages in the preparation of AOS. However, only a limited number of alginate lyases have been so far reported to have potentials in the preparation of AOS with specific degrees of polymerization. Here, an alginate-degrading strain Pseudoalteromonas arctica M9 was isolated from Sargassum, and five alginate lyases were predicted in its genome. These putative alginate lyases were expressed and their degradation products towards sodium alginate were analyzed. Among them, AlyM2 mainly generated trisaccharides, which accounted for 79.9% in the products. AlyM2 is a PL6 lyase with low sequence identity (≤28.3%) to the characterized alginate lyases and may adopt a distinct catalytic mechanism from the other PL6 alginate lyases based on sequence alignment. AlyM2 is a bifunctional endotype lyase, exhibiting the highest activity at 30 °C, pH 8.0, and 0.5 M NaCl. AlyM2 predominantly produces trisaccharides from homopolymeric M block (PM), homopolymeric G block (PG), or sodium alginate, with a trisaccharide production of 588.4 mg/g from sodium alginate, indicating its promising potential in preparing trisaccharides from these polysaccharides.     

功能性低聚糖在饲料工业上的应用研究进展

功能性低聚糖是一种新型、绿色饲料添加剂,它能够增殖有益菌、抑制病原菌,从而调节肠道微生态系统;可被有益菌利用产生短链脂肪酸、维生素等,为动物提供营养;同时也能够改善脂类代谢和促进日粮中一些矿物质的吸收。本文对功能性低聚糖的种类、应用、作用机理、影响应用效果的因素、应用过程中存在的问题及推广应用前景进行了全面论述。     

酶解法提取海藻酸钠研究

采用正交实验研究了酶解法提取海藻酸钠的工艺及影响因素,并分析了单因素对酶解反应的影响,从而得出最佳酶解反应条件:缓冲液用量55 ml,pH值5.0,温度45 ℃,反应时间18 h,加酶量90 U/g,此时海藻酸钠浸出量可达2.448 7 g.     

Algal-oligosaccharide-lysates prepared by two bacterial agarases stepwise hydrolyzed and their anti-oxidative properties

Twenty algal-oligosaccharide-lysates (AOLs), derived from six agars and four algal polysaccharide extracts (APEs), were treated first with agarases with 250 or 500 agarase activity units (AU), which were produced from the agar-liquefying bacterial strain Pseudomonas vesicularis MA103, named MA103-agarases. The AOLs were then treated with agarases (250 or 500 AU) derived from the agar-softening bacterial strain Aeromonas salmonicida MAEF 108, named MAEF 108-agarases. Anti-oxidative properties of the AOLs were evaluated by five in vitro methods. The AOL obtained from the APE of Porphyra dentate, digested by 250 AU of MA 103-agarases, and by 250 AU of MAEF 108-agarases, designated as A₂₅₀-Por, showed better results than the 19 other AOLs. This result is in accordance with the level of soluble total polyphenols (STP) of A₂₅₀-Por, which was also higher than the remainder of the AOLs tested. The AOL derived from the APE of P. dentate, digested by 500 AU of MA103-agarases and then 500 AU of MAEF108-agarases, and designated as B₅₀₀-Por, displayed the second highest data in four potential evaluation methods, except in H₂O₂ scavenging capacity. In this study, certain agars or APEs digested by specific agarases can present an increasing antioxidative capacity. These agars include Bitek agar, Agar powder, Bacteriological, Agar Bacteriological, and Guanghui agar, plus APEs of Gracilaria sp. and Monostroma nitidum decomposed stepwise by two agarases. The fraction of polyphenols (<1 kDa) that were derived from A₂₅₀-Por showed anti-oxidative activities on α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and reducing power determination, while the remaining four agar-lytic fractions obtained from A₂₅₀-Por did not exhibit anti-oxidative activity. This phenomenon may suggest that anti-oxidative properties of AOLs originate in polyphenols. Algal-oligosaccharide-lysates may have potential use as a health food.     

Characterization of an Alginate Lyase,FlAlyA, from Flavobacterium sp. Strain UMI-01 and Its Expression in Escherichia coli

A major alginate lyase, FlAlyA, was purified from the periplasmic fraction of an alginate-assimilating bacterium, Flavobacterium sp. strain UMI-01. FlAlyA showed a single band of ~30 kDa on SDS-PAGE and exhibited the optimal temperature and pH at 55 °C and pH 7.7, respectively. Analyses for substrate preference and reaction products indicated that FlAlyA was an endolytic poly(mannuronate) lyase (EC 4.2.2.3). A gene fragment encoding the amino-acid sequence of 288 residues for FlAlyA was amplified by inverse PCR. The N-terminal region of 21 residues except for the initiation Met in the deduced sequence was predicted as the signal peptide and the following region of six residues was regarded as propeptide, while the C-terminal region of 260 residues was regarded as the polysaccharide-lyase-family-7-type catalytic domain. The entire coding region for FlAlyA was subjected to the pCold I—Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) expression system and ~eight times higher yield of recombinant FlAlyA (recFlAlyA) than that of native FlAlyA was achieved. The recFlAlyA recovered in the periplasmic fraction of E. coli had lost the signal peptide region along with the N-terminal 3 residues of propeptide region. This suggested that the signal peptide of FlAlyA could function in part in E. coli.     

The Effect of Chitosan and Sodium Alginate on the Growth and Photosynthesis of Soybean

1　Introduction　　Sodium alginate and chitosan are the oceanic natural resources and high molecular com-pound which can promote the plant growth,and protect various plants from harmful organ-isms or prevent plant disease caused by harmful organisms( Makuuch,1 998and Hadwiger,etal. 1 983) .The two materials were used as coating materials,plant promoters,foliar sprayingin soil and so on( Mitchell,1 96 2 ;Brown,982 ;Cuero,1 991 ,Osuji,1 992 ) .Because the two ma-terials are degradable in soil …