农村互助养老模式构建探析——以山东省淄博市Y村幸福院为例

农村养老问题关乎乡村全面振兴和新型城镇化进程。基于实地调研和访谈,以山东省淄博市Y村幸福院为例,对这一模式的运作过程、影响因素、存在问题以及优化路径进行了系统分析。调研发现,Y村幸福院存在资金短缺,参与主体互助意识不强,互助服务单一化,管理存在漏洞,运行效率不高等现实问题。为进一步推进该养老模式,政府应加大财政支持力度,为农村幸福院的运行提供物质基础;加强对互助养老模式的宣传力度,营造互助和谐的养老氛围;培养专业的养老服务队伍,优化养老服务体系;创新管理方式,打造特色管理团队。     

Comparison of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase and melatonin receptor type 1B immunoreactivity between young adult and aged canine spinal cord

Melatonin affects diverse physiological functions through its receptor and plays an important role in the central nervous system. In the present study, we compared immunoreactivity patterns of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), an enzyme essential for melatonin synthesis, and melatonin receptor type 1B (MT2) in the spinal cord of young adult (2~3 years) and aged (10~12 years) beagle dogs using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. AANAT-specific immunoreactivity was observed in the nuclei of spinal neurons, and was significantly increased in aged dog spinal neurons compared to young adult spinal neurons. MT2-specific immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm of spinal neurons, and was predominantly increased in the margin of the neuron cytoplasm in aged spinal cord compared to that in the young adult dogs. These increased levels of AANAT and MT2 immunoreactivity in aged spinal cord might be a feature of normal aging and associated with a feedback mechanism that compensates for decreased production of melatonin during aging.     

黄秋葵MYB转录因子的鉴定及与果实老化关系分析

黄秋葵(Hibiscus esculentus L.)纤维素和木质素的大量积累极易引起果实老化,而植物MYB转录因子参与纤维素和木质素等生物合成与沉积,在次生细胞壁形成中起着重要的调控作用。为研究MYB转录因子在黄秋葵老化中的作用,从黄秋葵果实转录组测序数据库中筛选得到10条功能注释为MYB基因的片段序列,克隆获得了HeMYB4、HeMYB6、HeMYB26、HeMYB28、HeMYB44、HeMYB46、HeMYB59、HeMYB86、HeMY108和HeMYB113的基因全长,分析其核苷酸及编码氨基酸序列特征,同时进行了亚细胞定位、磷酸化位点、功能域、进化等生物信息学分析。结果显示,10个MYB基因均定位于细胞质膜上,具有丰富的磷酸化位点和功能域,与拟南芥等物种中参与纤维素和木质素合成的MYB蛋白亲缘关系较近。通过实时荧光定量PCR分析黄秋葵MYB基因家族的10个基因在果实发育过程、采后常温贮藏期间的表达,结果发现,HeMYB46、HeMYB86、HeMY108的表达量与纤维素含量呈极显著正相关,推测上述基因在黄秋葵果实衰老过程纤维素合成中起重要作用;HeMYB46、HeMYB59的表达量与木质素含量呈极显著正相关,推测其在木质素合成中起到重要调控作用。本研究结果初步明确了黄秋葵MYB转录因子在黄秋葵老化过程中的作用, 为黄秋葵的生产、分子育种等提供了理论基础。     

沥青老化再生的实验路径研究

沥青路面是现阶段应用最广泛的路面形式,随着使用年限的增长路面上沥青材料发生老化后使得沥青路面的路用性能降低,这样沥青路面的再生技术应运而生.通过对比不同老化方法和不同的老化时间得到的沥青残留物的各种指标与实际的废旧沥青的各种指标,找到方便准确的适用于实验研究的老化方法,然后通过对比不同的再生方法,寻找到用于实验室研究的沥青再生方法,从而找到适用于实验研究的老化再生路径.     

大豆种子抗劣变性的鉴定方法研究

以抗种子劣变性不同的５个栽培大豆和５个野生大豆品种为材料，比较了高温湿（相对湿度１００％，温度４０℃）条件下贮藏３天、７天、１０天和１４天及２０％的甲醇浸泡２小时等５种种子加速第化方法鉴定了种子抗劣变性的效果。结果表明，高温高湿老化７－１０天和２０％的甲醇浸泡２小时，可鉴定出大豆种子抗劣变性。     

芥兰老化种子活力指标相关性分析

研究了芥兰种子经人工老化后各活力指标的相关性.结果表明,芥兰种子经人工老化后,各活力指标均有显著变化;种子发芽率,活力指数,POD活性与田间出苗率呈显著正相关,而种子浸出液的电导率则与田间出苗率呈显著负相关.经人工老化的芥兰种子发芽率与田间出苗率的相关程度最高,老化法发芽率可直接预测芥兰种子田间出苗率.     

Soil organic matter beyond molecular structure Part I: Macromolecular and supramolecular characteristics

This contribution reviews and discusses structural aspects of soil organic matter (SOM) and humic substances (HS) with special respect to the macromolecular and the supramolecular view. It can be concluded that (1) dissolved humic acids behave as supramolecular associations of relatively small molecules with an enormous flexibility of reaction of environmental conditions, (2) multivalent cations may increase the apparent molecular weight by the formation of coordinative crosslinks in dissolved and undissolved natural organic matter (NOM), (3) sorption nonlinearity in solid humic acids and SOM may be due to polymer properties of NOM, (4) sorbates affect sorbent characteristics of SOM, and (5) hysteresis and conditioning effects in SOM can up to now best be explained with the polymer analogy. A distinct polydispersivity of SOM over a wide range of molecular masses is to be assumed. The supramolecular and the macromolecular models were derived from humic acids with different composition and on the basis of different sample states. Although the supramolecular model has not explicitely been shown for unfractionated DOM, the combination of all discussed studies suggests supramolecular as well as macromolecular characteristics of NOM. Neither macromolecules nor small molecules can be fully excluded in solid and dissolved SOM. Microregions with different properties provide different types of sorption sites. SOM is suggested to be regarded as amorphous material. This point of view is not restricted to high molecular masses and may supplement our understanding of SOM by the model of physical aging.     

中年C57BL/6小鼠焦虑行为改变

利用高架十字迷宫﹑旷场和黑白巷3个任务检测中年C57BL/6小鼠焦虑行为,探索是否有年龄及性别的影响以及3个任务是否具有一致性.结果表明,在高架十字迷宫中15月龄雌鼠进入开放臂的次数显著多于同龄雄鼠和7月龄雌鼠.15月龄鼠在黑白巷任务中的潜伏期和黑端停留的时间明显长于7月龄鼠,主要归因于雄鼠,而15月龄鼠从黑色端至白色端次数少于7月龄鼠,雌雄鼠均有改变.在旷场中,15月龄鼠的潜伏期和周边所花的时间要显著长于7月龄鼠,以雌鼠改变为主.这些结果提示中年C57BL/6小鼠即有焦虑性改变,但改变的方向并不一致,依任务和性别而定.     

中年ICR小鼠和昆明小鼠种属型行为改变及其性别差异

探讨中年ICR小鼠和昆明小鼠种属行为的改变及其性别差异。结果表明,两品系中年小鼠的储藏行为没有改变。ICR小鼠的挖掘行为下降,且主要归因于雌鼠。两品系中年小鼠的作窝能力下降;ICR小鼠主要归因于雌性,昆明小鼠雌雄性均下降。这些结果提示在ICR和昆明小鼠,作窝能力的下降出现较早,可较好地反映衰老效应。挖掘和储藏行为对衰老效应的判定意义不大。     

水工建筑物老化评价方法的研究

简要介绍了用于水工建筑物老化评价的模糊综合评判模型和层次分析模型，并对两模型进行了算法上的改进，使其更适应水工建筑物老化评定的特殊要求。针对两模型存在着各自的优势，提出了在实际评定过程中可将两模型结合使用的具体方法。