基于玉米种植的生长育肥猪粪污农田承载力

本研究旨在以生长育肥猪和玉米种植农田为模型,准确评定生长育肥猪粪肥养分的产生量和不同施肥量下玉米的生物产量及养分需求量,以此为基础建立基于粪肥还田利用的玉米种植农田粪肥承载系数。试验选取8头13周龄胎次和体重（（33.2±3.5）kg）相近的"杜×长×大"生长育肥猪进行饲养试验,分别于16和25周龄各进行一次消化试验,测定其粪、尿产量及粪肥氮、磷产生量。玉米种植试验设6个处理组,对照组施用化肥,负对照组不施肥,4个试验组分别按玉米种植全期氮标准需要量的100%、130%、160%和磷标准需要量的100%施用猪粪有机肥,分别在乳熟后期和完熟期测定玉米种植的氮、磷需求量,与猪粪肥氮、磷产生量拟合,测算粪肥农田承载系数。结果表明,按130%氮需求量施用猪粪有机肥,一季玉米种植乳熟后期和完熟期收获,对氮、磷的需求量分别为122.1、53.0 kg·hm^-2和190.2、62.8 kg·hm^-2,按130%氮施肥量下乳熟后期和完熟期收获的玉米农田承载系数,以N为基础为61.1头·hm^-2和95.2头·hm^-2,以P为基础为90.5头·hm^-2和107.3头·hm^-2,而且施用猪粪有机肥还可增加玉米生物产量,一定程度上增加玉米中氮、磷含量。因此,分别基于玉米对氮和磷的需求,单季玉米种植每公顷土地生长育肥猪的承载参数分别为95.2头和107.3头。     

节能日光温室番茄长季节高产栽培研究初报

对日光温室番茄长季节栽培进行了品种筛选及施肥指标和环境调控的研究 ,筛选出适宜日光温室番茄长季节栽培的品种 4个 ,提出 6 6 7m2 产量 2 0 0 0 0kg番茄的复合肥和钾肥施肥指标及采用遮阳网、反光幕、防虫网、诱虫色板、膜下滴灌等环境调控技术和措施。     

建筑电气现场施工问题与应对措施探讨

建筑电气现场施工是建筑工程项目重要的环节,关系到整个工程的质量。由于电气安装等问题引发的灾难和事故不在少数,对电气施工问题的处理方式影响着整个建筑工程。由此可见,加强对建筑电气现场施工环节的控制是非常重要的。文章主要就建筑电气现场施工问题及应对措施进行了探讨。     

Development and survival of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae derived from sheep faeces under sub-tropical conditions in the Potohar region of Pakistan

Assessment on the development and survival of Haemonchus contortus larvae was made to evaluate the influence of microclimatic variables viz., relative humidity (%), temperature (°C), rainfall (mm) and intensity of sunlight (hrs). Pasture plots in a sub-tropical area, Pakistan were contaminated with H. contortus eggs at the start of every month. The plots were sampled on fortnightly basis after contamination for three consecutive months. The overall pattern indicated the most favorable conditions for survival, development and translation to herbage was during the wet season from July to October and the least favorable was during the dry season from April to June. Peak infective larvae (L₃) recovery was during the 15–45 day interval for each plot and the lowest number was during the 75–90 day interval. Herbage was collected in the morning, afternoon and evening and greatest recovery of L₃ was in the morning time and least in the afternoon. The number of L₃ on pasture was directly related to the pattern of rainfall and relative humidity with a significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation and temperature and intensity of sunshine were negatively correlated (P < 0.05). The results suggest that pastures can remain infective for up to 2 months and become relatively clean by 90 days after contamination. Thus, long pasture rest periods, especially during the high risk wet season, may be a helpful strategy to reduce the infection levels.     

Effects of concentrate‐to‐forage ratios and 2‐methylbutyrate supplementation on ruminal fermentation,bacteria abundance and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in Chinese Simmental steers

This study evaluated the effects of dietary concentrate levels and 2‐methylbutyrate (2MB ) supplementation on performance, ruminal fermentation, bacteria abundance, microbial enzyme activity and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD ) in steers. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers (12 months of age; 389 ± 3.7 kg of body weight) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Moderate‐concentrate (400 g/kg diet [MC ]) or high‐concentrate (600 g/kg diet [HC ]) diets were fed with or without 2MB (0 g/day [2MB ?] or 15.0 g/day [2MB +]). Dry matter intake and average daily gain increased, but feed conversion ratio decreased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Ruminal pH decreased, but total volatile fatty acid increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Molar proportion of acetate and acetate‐to‐propionate ratio decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Propionate molar proportion and ruminal NH ₃‐N content increased with the HC diet, but decreased with 2MB supplementation. Neutral detergent fibre degradability decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. Crude protein degradability increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Abundance of Ruminococcus albus , Ruminococcus flavefaciens , Fibrobacter succinogenes and Bufyrivibrio fibrisolvens as well as activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiase, xylanase and pectinase decreased with the HC diet, but increased with 2MB supplementation. However, abundance of Prevotella ruminicola and Ruminobacter amylophilus as well as activities of α‐amylase and protease increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. Total PD excretion also increased with the HC diet or 2MB supplementation. The results suggested that growth performance, ruminal fermentation, CP degradability and total PD excretion increased with increasing dietary concentrate level from 40% to 60% or 2MB supplementation. The observed diet × 2MB interaction indicated that supplementation of 2MB was more efficacious for improving growth performance, ruminal fermentation and total PD excretion with promoted ruminal bacteria abundance and enzyme activity in the MC diet than in the HC diet.     

吉林省西部洪水利用的主要措施

介绍了吉林省西部洪水资源的特点,总结了西部洪水利用的主要措施,并对洪水利用提出了建议。     

羊传染性胸膜肺炎防治

羊传染性胸膜肺炎是一种高度接触性传染性疾病,致病原是肺炎支原体。妊娠阶段的母羊受到病原侵染后表现为流产产下死胎,并表现出明显的繁殖障碍。近年,此病发生率逐年升高,造成的死亡现象不断增强,严重威胁养殖产业健康发展。作为养殖管理人员,应从该种疾病的流行病学、临床表现、病理变化和诊断方法等多角度入手,构建针对性的防治措施,严格落实预防为主的原则,为提高养殖效益奠定坚实的技术支撑。该文主要探讨羊传染性胸膜肺炎的防治过程。     

绿洲生态条件下氮磷肥配施对冬小麦干物质分配及产量的影响

在西北绿洲生态条件下,设165 kg·hm-2(N1),225 kg·hm-2(N2)两个氮素(纯氮)水平和105 kg·hm-2(P1)、165 kg·hm-2(P2)两个磷素(P2O5)水平共4个处理,研究了氮磷配施对冬小麦产量及干物质积累及分配、灌浆特性的影响。结果表明:N2P1、N2P2具有较高的籽粒产量,分别为7 644.73、7 686.25 kg·hm-2,同时,水分利用效率(WUE)也较高,分别为11.67、11.49 kg·hm-2·mm-1;千粒重和穗粒数随施氮量增加而提高,磷对籽粒产量构成要素影响不显著;氮、氮和磷互作对籽粒平均灌浆速率(V)、最大灌浆速率(Vmax)、有效灌浆持续期粒重增加值(Ws)和有效灌浆持续期灌浆速率(Vs)均有显著影响,但影响籽粒重量的主要因素是Vmax;氮、磷及氮和磷互作对不同器官干物质积累及其分配影响在不同生育时期表现不一。     

试析尼采“酒神精神”的伦理学意蕴

尼采是西方哲学的重要代表人物之一,他的思想一直到今天还在饱受争议。“酒神精神”作为尼采哲学的核心思想,蕴含了深厚的伦理涵义。“酒神精神”从开始到最后一直跟随着尼采的步伐。权力意志、超人、主人道德等都不过是酒神精神的变身和另一个称号。尼采通过酒神精神宣扬了人的权利意志或强力意志,为本来没有意义的人生赋予了意义。同时,尼采的超人也是借助于酒神精神出场的,是人类发展的最高目标与理想人格。所谓的超人或者主人其实就是最具酒神精神的人。更重要的是,酒神精神是尼采颠覆传统道德标准和价值观念的工具。尼采正是通过酒神精神、权力意志、超人、主人道德等对苏格拉底以来的理性主义传统与人类社会以来一切道德传统（尤其是基督教道德传统）进行了批判,提出了自己的价值观——超越善恶之外,并把人的生命与酒神精神而不是道德作为人的行为评价参照。     

设施番茄连作障碍土壤修复及其对青枯病害的防治效果

连作障碍的土壤修复是世界性难题。本研究利用土壤微生态修复剂结合青枯病植物疫苗菌剂来改良土壤和预防青枯病发生。在连作7年的番茄地,设3种处理,处理1为添加量60 t/hm²的土壤微生态修复剂和植物疫苗100倍稀释液,处理2为添加量30 t/hm²的土壤微生态修复剂和植物疫苗100倍稀释液,CK为不添加土壤微生态修复剂和植物疫苗,研究不同处理对连作番茄土壤养分、土壤酶活性、植株生长特性及病害防效的影响。结果表明,土壤微生态修复剂2种不同添加量处理的番茄土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和交换性钙含量均显著高于对照,而全钾含量显著低于对照;两种不同添加量处理的番茄土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性均显著高于对照,添加量为30 t/hm²处理的土壤各酶活性（酸性磷酸酶除外）大于添加量为60 t/hm²处理的土壤;添加30 t/hm²处理的单果重量（113.82 g）显著高于添加量60 t/hm²处理（104.07 g）和对照处理（104.99 g）（P<0.05）,其对番茄青枯病防效达91.87%,大于添加量为60 t/hm²处理的防效（55.34%）。