Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of RC Deep Flexural Simply Supported Beams Using Disturbed Stress Field Model

A nonlinear finite element analysis of 4 RC deep flexural simply supported beams with the program VT2 is presented. Crack development and failure modes , longitudinal reinforcement strain distributions and load -deflection curves were compared as a result in order to evaluate the validity of the disturbed stress field model to analyse such deep simply supported beam.     

三维复合材料复合裂纹特殊边界元法

利用两相复合材料位移基本解，将受复合载荷作用下复合材料三维裂纹问题，归为求解一组超奇异积分方程，并分析了对裂纹尖端应力奇性和方程组求解理论方法；进而以反映裂纹前沿应力奇性的密度函数基本解表示位移间断，根据Taylor积分及其特征展开特性，给出方程组数值求解方法；最后，以三维矩形裂纹为例，讨论了应力强度因子（SIFs）收敛性及其变化规律。     

小型可移动式循环干燥机的试验研究

涉及了一种小型可移动式干燥机的研制和试验研究。论文首先阐述了该干燥机的结构特点和工作原理；然后进行了不同温度条件下的稻谷干燥试验：分析了经过干燥机干燥后的稻谷爆腰增率、发芽率和发芽势与干燥温度的相关性。     

不同水平硼对春小麦生长发育及结实率的影响

用溶液培养法对硼与小麦生长发育及结实率的关系进行了研究。结果表明：（1）无硼影响小麦的营养生长，缺硼不影响小麦的营养生长，但影响小麦的生殖生长。（2）缺硼严重影响小麦的穗分化，在一定施硼范围内，随着硼施用量的增加，总小穗数和有效小数增多。（3）不同年份，气候因子不同，对硼的需要量不同。1997年，在0－1μmol/L范围，1998年，在0－10μmol/L范围内，随着硼浓度的提高，结实率呈增高趋势。（4）小麦需硼的关键时期为孕穗期。     

Soil texture affects the conversion factor of electrical conductivity from 1:5 soil-water to saturated paste extracts

Electrical conductivity(EC) of soil-water extracts is commonly used to assess soil salinity. However, its conversion to the EC of saturated soil paste extracts(ECe), the standard measure of soil salinity, is currently required for practical applications. Although many regression models can be used to obtain ECe from the EC of soil-water extracts, the application of a site-specific model to different sites is not straightforward due to confounding soil factors such as soil texture. This study was...     

连续夹持输送式苎麻剥麻机研制

针对苎麻剥麻劳动强度大、作业工效低等问题,该研究基于横向喂入式剥麻技术的作业特点,结合苎麻剥麻的工艺要求,设计了一种连续夹持输送式苎麻剥麻机。通过对剥麻装置、夹持输送装置和换端夹持装置等关键部件的结构设计和理论分析,确定影响剥麻质量的关键因素及作业参数范围。以剥麻间隙、滚筒转速和输送速度作为影响因素,建立苎麻剥麻的鲜茎出麻率和原麻含杂率的数学模型,结合Box-Behnken试验方案进行多目标优化试验,寻求装置作业参数对苎麻剥麻的影响规律及最优参数组合。试验结果表明:滚筒转速、剥麻间隙和输送速度对鲜茎出麻率和原麻含杂率均具有极显著影响。通过多目标参数优化分析,确定最优作业参数组合:剥麻间隙4.0 mm、滚筒转速330 r/min和输送速度0.36 m/s。基于优化参数进行苎麻剥麻的生产验证试验,结果显示:鲜茎出麻率5.04%、原麻含杂率1.18%,各指标与模型预测值的相对误差均小于5%,验证了预测模型的准确性;整机生产效率142 kg/h,达到设计指标要求;苎麻纤维的含胶率22.85%,束纤维断裂强度4.56 CN/dtex,达到《苎麻》国家标准二等苎麻纤维等别。     

控制高径比条件下崩岗土体的收缩开裂特性

崩岗土体的收缩开裂受到多种因素的影响。该研究为研究高径比对其影响,共设计10组高径比,通过定点拍照记录脱湿前与脱湿结束时的土体形态变化,结合数字图像处理技术进行定量分析,探讨在控制高径比条件下崩岗土体的收缩开裂规律。结果表明：1）崩岗4层土中,过渡层的裂隙性、径向收缩性能最强,砂土层最弱,两者之间的较大差异会严重破坏崩岗土体的稳定性与承载力,促使崩壁崩塌;2）高径比较小的试样裂隙发育显著,径向收缩不明显;高径比较大的试样无裂隙发育,径向收缩显著。其中,4层土由干缩开裂土样过渡至径向收缩土样的高径比具体临界值分别位于：0.147～0.160、0.160～0.183、0.160～0.183、0.134～0.147;3）当高径比相同时,即使高度、直径不一致,但其各裂隙参数、径向收缩率具备相似性,轴向收缩率随厚度的增加而增加;4)随高径比的增加,收缩含水率逐渐增大,开裂含水率逐渐减小,两者之间的差值可以表示脱湿过程中土体产生抗拉强度的大小。收缩开裂裂隙度、宽径比、径向收缩率随高径比的增加整体呈现增大的趋势,其余参数均呈现减小的趋势。其中,4层土中,过渡层的收缩开裂特性受高径比影响最显著,砂土层受影响程度最小。研究结果可为揭示崩岗崩塌机理提供科学依据。     

基于VG-PENG收缩特征曲线与收缩各向异性的裂隙率估算模型

为量化农田裂隙发育程度,考虑脱湿过程中土壤孔隙在基质域、沉降域和裂隙域间转化,该研究提出基于土壤收缩特征和收缩各向异性的裂隙体积比率(裂隙率)关于含水率的预测模型。该模型包括3个子模型:改进VG型式的基质域收缩特征VG-PENG模型,描述收缩各向异性的几何因子Logistic模型,基于上述VG-PENG收缩特征模型和几何因子模型的裂隙率预测模型。通过土壤收缩试验和裂隙演化监测试验,采用图像处理技术提取裂隙数据,评价了该模型的优度及适用性。结果表明,VG-PENG收缩模型具有较好的连续性和明确的物理意义,可精确描述土壤收缩特征(R~20.98);该研究引入Logistic曲线描述土壤收缩几何因子,揭示了收缩过程中土壤横向开裂和纵向沉降的各向异性机理,提出了脱湿初期纵向沉降(几何因子趋近1)、中期主沉降-副开裂(几何因子处于1～3之间)、后期趋于稳定3个阶段,Logistic模型可精确描述收缩几何因子随含水率变化;基于VG-PENG收缩模型和Logistic几何因子模型,构建了裂隙率关于含水率的演化模型,该模型呈"S"型曲线,取决于土壤收缩属性及其各向异性特征,裂隙率模拟值和实测值吻合较好,呈显著水平(R~20.90,P0.001)。该研究裂隙率预测模型修正了土壤收缩各向异性在裂隙率估算中造成的误差,并突破性地将VG-PENG收缩特征曲线进一步推演并应用于裂隙率模拟,可方便、快捷地通过土壤收缩数据预测农田裂隙率随含水率演化规律,为膨缩土裂隙流研究提供理论依据和参数基础。     

Desiccation and cracking behaviour of clay layer from slurry state under wetting-drying cycles

Laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the effect of wetting-drying (W-D) cycles on the initiation and evolution of cracks in clay layer. Four identical slurry specimens were prepared and subjected to five subsequent W-D cycles. The water evaporation, surface cracks evolution and structure evolution during the W-D cycles were monitored. The effect of W-D cycles on the geometric characteristics of crack patterns was analyzed by image processing. The results show that the desiccation and cracking behaviour was significantly affected by the applied W-D cycles: the measured cracking water content θ_c, surface crack ratio R_sc and final thickness h_f of the specimen increased significantly in the first three W-D cycles and then tended to reach equilibrium; the formed crack patterns after the second W-D cycle were more irregular than that after the first W-D cycle; the increase of surface cracks was accompanied by the decrease of pore volume shrinkage during drying. In addition, it was found that the applied W-D cycles resulted in significant rearrangement of specimen structure: the initially homogeneous and non-aggregated structure was converted to a clear aggregated-structure with obvious inter-aggregate pores after the second W-D cycle; the specimen volume generally increased with increasing cycles due to the aggregation and increased porosity. The image analysis results show that the geometric characteristics of crack pattern were significantly influenced by the W-D cycles, but this influence was reduced after the third cycle. This is consistent with the observations over the experiment, and indicates that the image processing can be used for quantitatively analyzing the W-D cycle dependence of clay desiccation cracking behaviour.     

环境友好农业生产方式生态补偿标准探讨——以崇明岛东滩绿色农业示范项目为例

以崇明岛东滩绿色农业示范项目为研究案例,在定量监测环境友好型肥料管理方式对化肥污染控制效果的基础上,运用相关经济学方法,从环境友好肥料管理方式所创造的生态效益价值和实际投入的额外成本两个角度出发,探讨了生态补偿标准的理论上限值和下限值,同时讨论了在实际制定补偿标准时需要考虑的其他因素和采取的补偿方式。结果表明,环境友好型肥料管理方式可有效削减氮素流失负荷和温室气体排放通量,削减率分别达到46.6%～61.8%和23.4%～46.7%;在梨园所创造的生态效益价值和实际额外投入成本分别为10135.6和3066.1元（RMB）·hm^-2·a^-1,在蔬菜田所创造的生态效益价值和实际额外投入成本分别为7640.1和3165.2元（RMB）·hm^-2·a^-1。因此,梨园和蔬菜田由于应用环境友好型肥料管理方式可获得的生态补偿理论值范围分别为3066.1～10135.6元（RMB）·hm^-2·a^-1和3165.2～7640.1元（RMB）·hm^-2·a^-1。