桦褐孔菌发酵菌粉成分分析

对桦褐孔菌(lnonotus obliquus)发酵菌粉中的各种成分进行了较全面的分析.结果表明发酵菌粉中营养成分较丰富,其中粗蛋白、总氨基酸含量分别为25.73％和15.18％.菌粉中不饱和脂肪酸是优势脂肪酸,以亚油酸和油酸为主,还含有丰富的甾醇、酚类物质和多种矿质元素.用桦褐孔菌发酵菌粉提取粗多糖,得率为28.55％、多糖的分子量主要集中在2～40 kDa,单糖组成为阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖,摩尔比为:1.3:1.0:20.4:2.1,多糖产品中含有酸性多糖,糖苷键主要是a型.     

有机肥浸提液对不同品种西瓜产量及品质的影响

以5个西瓜品种为试材,通过不同的猪、牛、羊粪有机浸提液配比设置了3个有机营养液配方处理,品种和营养液二因素组合共15个处理（T1~T15）,测定各处理西瓜的单果质量、果形指数、产量及可溶性固形物、Vc、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、还原糖含量共8个指标,比较各处理间上述指标的差异,运用因子分析的方法对各处理产量和品质指标进行综合评价,从中筛选得到高品质的有机营养液和品种组合。结果表明:营养液和品种耦合对各处理西瓜品质指标的影响极显著;T9处理（即品种Z3与配方P3耦合的处理,用Z3P3表示,下同）还原糖含量最高,为57.7 mg·g^-1,T7处理（Z3P1）还原糖含量最低,为26.0 mg·g^-1;T6（Z2P3）、T13（Z5P1）处理可溶性糖含量最高,分别为33.6、33.9 mg·g^-1,T7（Z3P1）处理可溶性糖含量最低,为14.5 mg·g^-1;T6（Z2P3）处理可溶性固形物含量最高,为14.0％,T15（Z5P3）处理可溶性固形物含量最低,为11.4％;T5（Z2P2）处理Vc含量最高,为16.7 mg·100g^-1,T4（Z2P1）处理Vc含量最低,为9.7 mg·100g^-1。利用因子分析得到得分排名前3的处理是T9（Z3P3）、T11（Z4P2）、T6（Z2P3）。当施用有机营养液配方3时,2011WH0045、2011WH0053两个西瓜品种产量及品质较好,当施用有机营养液配方2时,2011WH0057西瓜品种产量及品质较好。     

巴东皱皮木瓜发育及主要成分的变化分析

以湖北巴东产的皱皮木瓜为试验材料,分别在皱皮木瓜果实7个不同生长期采样,通过果实颜色、纵横径、鲜果质量等形态特征的测定,并采用HPLC法对不同生长期内的有效成分(齐墩果酸、熊果酸、原儿荼酸、绿原酸)进行检测,综合评价皱皮木瓜最佳的采收季节和质量指标.结果 表明:(1)皱皮木瓜的纵径、横径、鲜果质量增长随生长阶段呈逐渐递...     

农村电网中有源电力滤波器的研究

随着农村电网中电力电子装置的日益增多,农村电网中的谐波污染问题越来越严重.为此,简要分析了并联型有源电力滤波器的系统结构和工作原理;建立了采用DSP数字控制的适合于三相三线制的并联型有源电力滤波系统, 重点分析了该系统指令电流和PWM信号的产生、硬件结构与软件流程, 并通过实验验证了该系统可以有效地抑制农村电网谐波,改善农村电网电能质量.     

Rock phosphate-enriched organic fertilizer with phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms improves nodulation,growth, and yield of legumes

ABSTRACT

Phosphorus availability from rock phosphate (RP) can be increased via composting with organic fertilizer and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) in the soil. Incubation and pot experiments were conducted to investigate the comparative efficacy of RP-enriched organic fertilizer with PSMs vs. diammonium phosphate (DAP) as a control to enhance the production of legumes. In incubation studies, RP-enriched organic fertilizer with PSM₂ significantly increased soil aggregate stability (37%) and P-release (2.35 folds) as compared to control, whereas, in pot study, the number and dry weight of nodules plant^?1, shoot length, number of pods plant^?1, and grain yield of chickpea increased by 23%, 13%, 17%, 15%, and 15% with RP-enriched organic fertilizer + PSM₂ compared to control. Similarly, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in straw (11 and 42% respectively) and grains (11 and 13% respectively) and protein contents (16%) of chickpea were also increased. A similar trend was observed regarding the growth and yield parameters of lentil. The use of RP-enriched organic fertilizer with PSM could produce results similar to that of DAP for the optimum production of legumes.     

Clay Addition to Sandy Soil——Influence of Clay Type and Size on Nutrient Availability in Sandy Soils Amended with Residues Differing in C/N ratio

Addition of clay-rich subsoil to sandy soil results in heterogeneous soil with clay peds(2-mm) or finely ground( 2 mm) clay soil(FG), which may affect the nutrient availability. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of clay soil particle size(FG or peds)and properties on nutrient availability and organic C binding in sandy soil after addition of residues with low(young kikuyu grass,KG) or high(faba bean, FB) C/N ratio. Two clay soils with high and low smectite percentage, clay and exchangeable Fe and Al were added to a sandy soil at a rate of 20%(weight/weight) either as FG or peds. Over 45 d, available N and P as well as microbial biomass N and P concentrations and cumulative respiration were greater in soils with residues of KG than FB. For soils with KG residues,clay addition increased available N and initial microbial biomass C and N concentrations, but decreased cumulative respiration and P availability compared to sandy soil without clay. Differences in measured parameters between clay type and size were inconsistent and varied with time except the increase in total organic C in the 53 μm fraction during the experiment, which was greater for soils with FG than with peds. We concluded that the high exchangeable Fe and Al concentrations in the low-smectite clay soil can compensate a lower clay concentration and proportion of smectite with respect to binding of organic matter and nutrients.     

A model ensemble approach to determine the humus building efficiency of organic amendments in incubation experiments

Organic amendments are important to sustain soil organic matter (SOM) and soil functions in agricultural soils. Information about the contribution of organic amendments to SOM can be derived from incubation experiments. In this study, data from 72 incubated organic amendments including plant residues, digestates and manure were analysed. The incubation data was compiled from three experimental setups with varying incubation times, soils and incubation temperatures, in which CO₂ release was measured continuously. The analysis of the incubation data was performed with an approach relying on conceptual parts of C-TOOL, CCB, Century, ICBM, RothC and Yasso which are all well-approved first-order carbon models that differ in structure and abstraction level. All models are an approximation of reality, whereby each model differs in understanding of the processes involved in soil carbon dynamics. To accumulate the advantages from each model a model ensemble was performed for each substrate. With the ability of each carbon model to compute the distribution of carbon into specific SOM pools a new approach for evaluating organic amendments in terms of humus building efficiency is presented that, depends on the weighted model fit of each ensemble member. Depending on the organic substrate added to the soil, the time course of CO₂ release in the incubation studies was predicted with different accuracy by the individual model concepts. Averaging the output of the individual models leads to more robust prediction of SOM dynamics. The E_HUM value is easy to interpret and the results are in accordance with the literature.     

京郊有机肥料的质量状况分析

调查分析了北京市125个有代表性的商品有机肥和传统有机肥样品的养分状况、重金属含量及部分微生物学指标.结果表明,目前北京地区有机肥品质并不理想.商品有机肥中,有73.7%的样品有机质含量低于标准,44.7%的样品养分含量不符合标准,73.7%的样品pH值、39.5%的样品含水量不符合标准.传统有机肥的有机质、全氮、全磷含量均高于商品有机肥,但含水量超过商品有机肥1.29倍.商品有机肥中重金属Cd、Cr、Pb、As、Hg的含量变异较大,平均分别为0.678、36.1、17.2、5.26、0.679 mg/kg.商品有机肥和传统有机肥中蛔虫卵死亡率均符合标准,传统有机肥中部分样品大肠杆菌值超标.     

Behaviour in one fast-growing and one slower-growing broiler (Gallus gallus domesticus) hybrid fed a high- or low-protein diet during a 10-week rearing period

This study compared behavioural time budgets, presence of comfort behaviours and social behaviours in two different broiler genotypes (the fast-growing Ross 308 (R) and the slower-growing Rowan Ranger (RR)) fed organic diets with high (17.0% crude protein (CP)) or low (14.5% CP) protein content during a 10-week rearing period. 429-day-old chicks (218 R and 211 RR, respectively) were included in the study and behaviour was recorded at 2, 6 and 9 weeks of age. The results showed no effect of diet treatments but that R broilers were less active and sat, ate and drank more frequently than RR broilers, which stood and perched more frequently. However, both hybrids showed decreasing activity and foraging behaviour with increasing age, while time spent eating and sleeping was approximately similar over the entire rearing period.     

我国热带天然林植被C贮存量的估算

以海南岛尖峰岭热带林生态系统定位研究站多年的研究作为基本数据,用两种方法计算了海南岛和用一种方法计算了云南南部热带森林的Ｃ素库总量。结果表明,海南热带天然林的Ｃ素库总量为０．７１９－０．７３４亿ｔ,云南南部的热带天然林的Ｃ素库总量在０．６５３亿ｔ以上。