Optimization of triploidy induction in the blacklip abalone, Haliotis rubra (Leach, 1814), using 6-dimethylaminopurine

Optimal conditions of 6‐dimethylaminopurine (6‐DMAP) for triploidy induction in the blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra (Leach, 1814) were investigated, targeting inhibition of second polar body (PB2) formation. Two experiments were conducted at a water temperature of 17.5–18.5°C where factorial combination of (1) four dosages (DSs) of 100, 150, 200 and 250 μM 6‐DMAP, four starting times (STs) of 15, 20, 25 and 30 min post fertilization, and two treatment durations (TDs) of 20 and 30 min and (2) three DSs of 50, 100 and 150 μM 6‐DMAP, three STs of 15, 20 and 25 min post fertilization, and three TDs of 10, 20 and 30 min, were applied respectively. Day 3 larvae were sampled for triploidy and survival. Percent triploidy was verified using flow cytometry (FCM). Results show that optimal inductions that combine both high rates of triploidy and reasonable survival were those treatments commenced 15 or 20 min post fertilization and continued for 20 or 30 min, using 100 μM 6‐DMAP. These conditions induced rates of triploidy and relative survival of 80.5–93.3% and 36.5–40.2%, respectively, in the first experiment, and corresponding rates were 79.1–93.6% and 20.7–43.0% in the second experiment. High percent triploidy were also obtained in a number of treatments using 150 μM 6‐DMAP, but with overall survival rates generally lower than those using 100 μM 6‐DMAP.     

Effects of Dual Microalgal Species Biofilms on New Zealand Black-Footed Abalone (Hailotis iris) Larval/Post-Larval Processes

Dual microalgal species biofilms with distinct amino acid characteristics were tested for their effects on abalone (Haliotis iris) initial attachment, metamorphosis, settlement, and survival. Nine microalgal species, isolated from around Auckland, New Zealand, were grown in the laboratory, and used to produce nine dual microalgal species biofilms. Abalone larvae were exposed to the different biofilm treatments and controls (no biofilms) for seven (attachment and metamorphosis) and 14 (settlement and survival) days. The larvae performed significantly better in the dual microalgal biofilms compared to controls, and some biofilms resulted in better attachment, metamorphosis, settlement, and survival than others. For example, the best-performing biofilms almost always contained cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria cf. erythrata, Anacystis cf. aeruginosa, and Schizothrix cf. calcicola), which are attributed with better nutritional values. However, the amino acid profiles did not produce a clear pattern with regard to their effects on the four larval processes. Instead, total amino acid (TAA) content was positively correlated with percentage of attachment and metamorphosis. Greater TAA contents are likely to reflect greater amounts of extra-cellular polymers within the biofilms, which are suggested to improve larval performance.     

模型礁对幼鲍、幼海胆行为的影响

在水温为(18±0.5)℃、盐度为34.3、pH为8.3的养殖条件下,通过观测试验水槽内幼鲍Haliotis和幼海胆Hem icentrotus pulcherrimus在无模型礁和有模型礁状况下的行为反应,探讨了适合幼鲍、幼海胆栖息的模型礁的结构与形状,并统计分析了4种不同结构的PVC模型礁对幼鲍、幼海胆的聚集率。结果表明:模型礁对水槽内幼鲍、幼海胆的分布均有影响,对幼鲍和幼海胆均有聚集作用,Ⅰ型和Ⅳ型模型礁对幼鲍的聚集效果较好,最高聚集率可达60%和53%;Ⅰ型模型礁对幼海胆的聚集效果较好,最高聚集率可达53%。     

甲藻赤潮对养鲍业的危害及其防治探讨

１９９８年５月１７日－１９９８年６月６日在福建省连江县苔录镇后湾海域发生一起由裸甲藻等引起的赤潮,对鲍鱼养业造成严重危害,初步断定：引起鲍鱼死亡的原因是由于裸甲藻等赤潮生物分泌了某种毒素。并对赤潮在陆上养鲍业上的治理方法进行了研究。结果表明：５－２０ｍＬ／ｍ＾３甲醛溶液可杀伤甲藻等赤潮生物,但不能解体该赤潮生物;０．１－０．５ｇ／ｍ＾３ＫＭｎＯ４可完全治理该种赤潮生物所引起的鲍鱼死亡现象。     

不同海域鲍体镉分布特征与健康风险评价

文章对中国部分海域鲍体镉（cd）的质量分数与分布特征进行了分析讨论,并对鲍体cd对人体的健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,1）鲍体W（Cd）总体上呈正态分布,其平均值为0．88mg·kg^-1,变化范围为0．06-1 2．02mg·kg^-1,其中广东、福建、山东和辽宁海域鲍体W（Cd）分别为（0．42±0．21）mg·kg^-1、（0．61±0．27）mg·kg^-1、（1．21±0．35）mg·kg^-1和（1．52±0．20）mg·kg^-1,不同海域鲍体W（Cd）差异显著（P〈0．05）。2）鲍体W（Cd）高于鱼类、头足类和甲壳类海洋生物,与贝类产品埘（Cd）相当;鲍体W（Cd）与栖息环境中cd的污染程度有密切关系。3）鲍体cd对人体的致癌性年风险指数低于国际辐射防护委员会推荐的风险水平,通过鲍膳食途径的人体cd暴露量低于世界卫生组织／联合国粮食和农业组织的食品添加剂联合专家委员会推荐的暂定每周耐受摄人量推荐值。研究结果对于鲍的健康养殖和安全消费具有指导意义。     

鲍鱼内脏多糖水洗面膜的制备及性能评价

研究鲍鱼内脏多糖的吸湿性、保湿性和抗紫外活性,制备添加鲍鱼内脏多糖的水洗面膜。结果表明:低湿度(RH43%)条件下,鲍鱼内脏多糖样品吸湿率和保湿率优于高湿度(RH81%)条件,高于聚乙二醇,低于甘油;鲍鱼内脏多糖样品吸湿率61.65%,保湿率167.46%。高湿度(RH43%)条件下,鲍鱼内脏多糖样品吸湿率20.73%,保湿率123.36%。鲍鱼内脏多糖具有较好的抗紫外UVA和UVB的能力。制备的鲍鱼内脏多糖水洗面膜感官及理化指标符合QB/T 2872-2007,具有很好的离心稳定性。     

Effect of fishmeal substitution with various animal and/or plant protein sources in the diet of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

The effect of dietary substitution of animal and/or plant protein sources for fishmeal on the growth and body composition of juvenile abalone was determined. Nine experimental diets in triplicate were prepared: Con, SM, PM, CM, SPM, MB, SM+CM, SM+SPM and CM+SPM diets. A 350 g kg^?1 fishmeal was included in the Con diet, and the whole fishmeal was substituted with a 580 g kg^?1 soybean meal (SM), 335 g kg^?1 poultry meal (PM), 370 g kg^?1 corn gluten meal (CM), 325 g kg^?1 silkworm pupae meal dehydrated (SPM), 590 g kg^?1 meat and bone meal (MB), the combined 290 g kg^?1 soybean meal and 180 g kg^?1 corn gluten meal (SM+CM), 290 g kg^?1 soybean meal and 160 g kg^?1 silkworm pupae meal dehydrated (SM+SPM) and 180 g kg^?1 corn gluten meal and 170 g kg^?1 silkworm pupae meal dehydrated (CM+SPM) diets respectively. All experimental diets were iso‐nitronic and iso‐lipidic. The survival of abalone fed with the SM and SM+SPM diets was higher than that of abalone fed with the CM, SPM, MB and CM+SPM diets. Weight gain of abalone fed with the SM+SPM diet was higher than that of abalone fed with all the other experimental diets, except for that of abalone fed with the SM+CM diet. The combined soybean meal and corn gluten meal (SM+CM) or silkworm pupae meal (SM+SPM) could be replaced with the whole fishmeal in the diet for abalone and improved its performance.     

Effect of casein substitution with fishmeal, soybean meal and crustacean meal in the diet of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

The effect of dietary substitution of casein with fishmeal, soybean meal and crustacean meal on the growth of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino was determined. A 350 g casein per kilogram diet was included into the CS diet. The whole casein was then substituted by: (1) 300 g fishmeal and 200 g soybean meal per kilogram diet (FS), (2) 200 g fishmeal, 200 g soybean meal and 130 g krill meal per kilogram diet (FSK), (3) 200 g fishmeal, 200 g soybean meal and 280 g red crab meal per kilogram diet (FSC) or (4) 200 g fishmeal, 200 g soybean meal and 130 g shrimp head meal per kilogram diet (FSS). In addition, a 50‐g by‐product of green tea per kilogram diet was included in the FS diet to form the FSG diet. Sea tangle (ST)diet was supplied to abalone as a control feed. Weight gain, final shell length and final shell width of abalone fed with the various substitution feeds (FS, FSK, FSC, FSS and FSG) were not different from those obtained with the CS diet. All the formulated feeds, however, produced higher weight gain and final shell width values than the ST diet. The results of this study show that casein can be replaced with a combination of fishmeal, soybean meal, krill meal, crab meal and/or shrimp head meal in the diet without a retardation of growth of abalone.