茭白肉质茎膨大发育的生化基础研究

文研究了茭白肉质茎不同发育阶段的碳水化合物、蛋白质以及几种酶的变化情况 ,分析了这些生化代谢与茭白肉质茎发育的可能关系。结果表明 :茭白肉质茎发育的早期主要表现为重量的快速增加 ,后期则为重量和体积均快速地增长。碳水化合物中总糖和还原糖在肉质茎发育的早期迅速上升 ,之后有所下降。而蔗糖则呈现先上升 ,后稳定的趋势。淀粉的含量在肉质茎发育过程中一直上升。木质素和纤维素在肉质茎发育的早期含量较高 ,随着茎的发育 ,其含量持续下降 ,发育后期二者的含量又明显上升。蛋白含量前期上升 ,后期下降。对茭白肉质茎发育过程中酶活性的研究表明 ,超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性不断下降 ,而过氧化物酶活性持续上升。苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性在茎发育过程中不断下降 ,后期又有所上升。     

14条环太湖河流水质与茭草、水花生氮磷含量

选取环太湖14条主要河流为研究对象,分析河流水质和水生植物优势种（水花生和茭草）中氮磷含量,探讨两者的相关性。结果表明：自实施综合整治以来,环太湖河流水质有所好转,氮污染是目前环太湖河流的主要污染特征,有效削减其入河量是太湖入湖河流治理的重要任务;水花生总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）累积能力均强于茭草,水花生叶（茎）中TN、TP含量分别是33.88~55.70 g·kg-1（22.10~29.96 g·kg-1）、4.44~8.96 g·kg-1（3.43~8.02 g·kg-1）;茭草叶（茎）中TN、TP含量分别是12.30~21.41 g·kg-1（21.75~31.22 g·kg-1）、2.06~6.58 g·kg-1（2.60~7.81 g·kg-1）。水花生和茭草叶茎中TN含量与水体中TN浓度均无显著相关性,但两种植物叶茎中TP含量与水体中TP浓度呈显著正相关,即在一定浓度范围内,水体中P浓度越高,水花生和茭草体内P的累积量越大。     

软包装贮藏切片茭白微生物及感官特性研究

针对茭白不易贮藏的现象,对软包装切片茭白(Zizania lactifolia Turz)贮藏过程中微生物及感官特性进行研究,同时进行相关分析。结果表明：贮藏在-2℃和4℃时,微生物菌落总数分别在贮藏第10天和第7天超过10⁶ cfu/g,感官质量在贮藏第11天和7天显著下降。改进的Gompertz模型能够很好地拟合茭白贮藏过程中腐败微生物的生长,其拟合度(R²)在0.945~0.984。乳酸菌和酵母菌是茭白贮藏过程中的主要优势菌,并与茭白的整体感官分数、硬度、色度、色泽和脱水程度等感官质量具有较高的相关性(P＜0.05)。     

Habitat characterization of Texas wild‐rice (Zizania texana Hitchcock), an endangered aquatic macrophyte from the San Marcos River,TX, USA

1. The habitat of Texas wild‐rice (Zizania texana Hitchcock), known only from the spring‐fed upper San Marcos River in Central Texas, was classified in terms of physical and chemical conditions, depth, current velocity, associated aquatic macrophytes, and substrate composition. 2. Randomly selected transects in sites with and without Texas wild‐rice were evaluated during May, August and January 1994–1995. Physical and chemical conditions (temperature, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, pH) were found to be nearly constant and uniform both among transect types and sampling dates. Chemical analysis of the substrate likewise showed few differences among transect types. Turbidity was found to be significantly different among transect types on only one sampling date (Kα_0.05=0.60; p=0.009), but even non‐significant levels of turbidity may present biologically significant impacts to wild‐rice plants. 3. Differences in substrate particle size were highly significant (Kα_0.05=0.71; p=0.001) with Texas wild‐rice occupying sites having moderately coarse to coarse sandy soils (73%) compared with the moderately fine to fine clay soils found at non‐rice sites (82%). However, no significant differences were found in organic matter content among rice and non‐rice transects ( =2.09 and 2.56%, respectively). 4. Texas wild‐rice was found primarily in shallow areas of the river (<1 m) and at higher current velocities than those of non‐rice sites ( ≥0.46 m s⁻¹ and ≤0.22 m s⁻¹, respectively). 5. Texas wild‐rice appears to be more commonly associated with other native species rather than exotic species. Mean percentage composition of exotic macrophytes did not exceed 29% in areas where Texas wild‐rice grew, but they accounted for nearly 47% of the composition in areas where rice did not grow. 6. The results of this study will allow for reliable and accurate identification of the remaining suitable habitat of Texas wild‐rice in the San Marcos River for possible reintroduction and development of management plans. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

云南地区茭白品种比较试验

对7个茭白品种的株高,第4叶叶鞘长、叶长、叶宽,壳茭单质量,净茭单质量及产量等10个主要形态学性状进行调查测量,并测定氮素、叶绿素和水分含量。试验结果表明,款庄茭白产量较高,商品性好,口感甜脆,营养成分含量丰富,适宜云南地区栽培。     

滇西北高原剑湖茭草湿地湖滨带对农业面源N·P污染净化效果研究

通过在滇西北开展高原剑湖茭草湿地湖滨带对农业面源污染控制研究,得出湖滨带对来源于农业面源污染纳污河流—金龙河水体中N、P污染净化效果,并结合湖滨带对农田废水中N、P污染净化机理进行分析,结果表明位于滇西北高原的剑湖茭草湿地湖滨带对金龙河水体中的N、P污染净化效果较好,尤其在农业生产行为活动较频繁的夏秋季节,茭草湿地湖滨带对金龙河水体中N素和P素的污染净化效果分别可达55.8%～62.52%和59.47%～69.81%。剑湖茭草湿地湖滨带对剑湖流域农业面源污染的控制起到较好效果,并最终为保护剑湖水环境污染起到重要控制作用。     

我国茭白新品种选育和高效栽培新技术研究与应用

综述了21世纪以来我国茭白新品种的选育审定情况以及茭白高效栽培新技术的研究与应用进展,以期为我国茭白产业的良性发展提供技术支撑。     

沼液不同灌溉量对茭白产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响

为明确茭白种植季沼液施用效应及安全消解容量,在田间研究沼液不同灌溉量对茭白营养生长、产量、品质及土壤肥力质量的影响。结果表明,沼液施用量420～1 260 t·hm-2处理,产量比空白对照和全化肥处理分别提高2645%～3370%和872%～1495%。以茭白常规施氮量3倍的沼液用量630 kg N·hm-2是当季茭白消解沼液的安全容量。     

茭白lea3基因全长cDNA的分离克隆及序列分析

第3组胚胎晚期丰富蛋白(LEA3)是一组在胚胎发育后期丰富表达的蛋白,同时它还受水分胁迫和ABA的诱导,与植物抗旱性密切相关。本研究以经过干旱处理的茭白幼苗的mRNA为模板,根据禾本科lea3基因的保守序列设计简并引物进行RT-PCR,得到lea3基因的部分序列,然后结合RACE方法获得全基因两端的序列,经拼接得出茭白lea3基因的全长cDNA,序列分析结果表明该基因的开放阅读框为666bp,编码221个氨基酸,包含2个LEA3基元序列。通过与已报道的LEA3蛋白序列比较,与禾本科中水稻、大麦、小麦、雀麦、玉米的同源性分别为51.2%、41.0%、41.1%、42.0%和40.5%。最终得出结论,茭白lea3基因具有已知物种lea3基因的特征,可以为该基因的功能研究提供参考。目前,该基因已在GenBank中登录,编号为GQ494017。