基于ARM7的花卉大棚温湿度监控系统的应用与研究

针对花卉大棚对温湿度的要求,提出一种基于嵌入式Web Server的低功耗、低成本、可扩展的温湿度监控系统并投入实际应用.系统由嵌入式Web Server和数据采集/控制模块两部分构成,用RS-485总线构成多点监控网络,嵌入式Web Server可以接入Internet以实现远程监控.实际运行数据证明系统稳定可靠,应用灵活.     

山东PRRSV流行株ORF5、ORF6、ORF7基因序列的分子特征

采用RT-PCR技术对2001~2007年分离自山东地区10株(ShanDong-3、SD-JN、SD-ZQ、SD1、SD2、SD3、SD4、SD5、SD6和SD7)猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)进行ORF5、ORF6和ORF7基因的扩增、克隆和测序,与已知序列的毒株的相应片段进行同源性分析比较,并对其分子特征进行分析。结果表明:该10株病毒仍属北美洲型,其中2001~2002年分离的SD1株、SD2株和2006年分离的SD6株核苷酸序列之间的ORF5、ORF6、ORF7同源性分别为99.2%,99.8%,100%,均与北美洲原型代表株(VR-2332株)和疫苗毒MLVRe-spPRRS Repro USA遗传距离较近,同属一大分支;2006~2007年分离的PRRSV ShanDong-3、SD-JN、SD-ZQ、SD3,SD4,SD5,SD7分离株ORF5、ORF6、ORF7同源性分别为97.8%~100%,99.4%~99.8%,99.2%~99.7%,均与国内96年Ch-1a和2002年HB-1株及2006年分离鉴定的国内高致病性分离株(JXA1、Shanghai、HEB1)同属一个大的分支。首...     

牛轮状病毒VP4基因与LTB基因的融合表达及免疫原性研究

PCR扩增轮状病毒VP4基因和大肠杆菌LTB基因编码区,将其克隆至pET32a载体上,构建pET32a-VP4-LTB质粒,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),PCR、酶切鉴定后进一步测序,测序结果表明融合基因片段由2637 bp组成,为编码879个氨基酸残基的多肽。经IPTG诱导和SDS-PAGE检测发现表达产物分子量约为118.9 KD,以包涵体的形式存在。融合蛋白经镍离子螯合次氨基三乙酸(Ni-NTA)亲和层析纯化后免疫小鼠,结果所产生的抗体效价高于单独VP4蛋白的免疫结果但差异不显著(P0.5),但与对照组相比差异显著。表明所表达的融合蛋白具有较好的免疫原性,为研制牛轮状病毒亚单位疫苗奠定了基础。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒ORF7基因的表达和重组蛋白的纯化及免疫学活性分析

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）为不分节段、聚腺苷酸化、有囊膜的单股正链RNA病毒。其基因组长约15kb,含有8个开放的阅读框架（ORFs）。PRRSV基因组的顺序依次为：5’-ORFla-ORFlb-ORF（2—6）．ORFT-3’。鲁韦韦等分析表明,PRRSV的ORF7基因保守性较好,变异较小。此外,ORF7编码的核衣壳蛋白（N蛋白）具有良好的免疫原性及反应原性,机体产生的PRRSV抗体主要是针对N蛋白的。因此,N蛋白常可作为诊断抗原来检测PRRSV。     

提高贯通培养项目基础文化课教学质量的策略研究

高端技术技能人才贯通培养实验项目(简称贯通培养项目)是北京市为更好地适应国际化产业发展,培养高素质技能型人才所推行的新型教学模式,涵盖了高中教育、职业教育、本科教育阶段。通过对基础文化课阶段的教学质量现状进行调查分析发现,这一项目在人才培养方案、课程体系、教学督导、师资队伍等方面获得一定经验,也存在一定问题。要提高基础文化课阶段的教学质量,需要在上述四个方面进一步改进。     

Spotted wing drosophila infestation of California strawberries and raspberries: economic analysis of potential revenue losses and control costs

BACKGROUND: Economic costs of spotted wing drosophila (SWD) include yield and associated revenue losses, labor and material costs for monitoring and management and revenue losses due to the closure of export markets should fruit from SWD‐infested regions be banned by trading partners. This analysis focuses on two types of loss in the California raspberry and strawberry industries: yield losses in the absence of management, and insecticide material costs on a per treatment basis. It computes the cost of a specific management program for raspberries in California's Central Coast region. RESULTS: Insecticide material and application costs per treatment and the cost of the management program are small relative to the yield losses in the absence of management that are observed by growers, researchers and others in initial infestations. CONCLUSION: It is difficult to evaluate precisely the share of pest management program costs due to SWD because insecticides are sometimes used to manage multiple pests, and because labor‐intensive field sanitation efforts to control SWD are recommended practices already. Given these considerations, this analysis finds that the benefits to SWD management well outweigh the costs examined here. Evaluating the efficacy of managing SWD is essential in assessing the risks that SWD poses and the benefits of pest management programs. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

The threat of wild habitat to scab resistant apple cultivars

Evaluations of plant resistance to pathogens are rarely made using isolates from wild habitats, although the heterogeneity of such habitats may generate pathogen diversity which could be a source of new virulence in cultivated habitats. The aim of this study was to investigate whether scab resistance factors, identified and characterized in apples using isolates of Venturia inaequalis from a cultivated habitat, remained effective against isolates from a wild habitat. Three V. inaequalis core collections originating from the cultivated apple Malus × domestica and from two wild species, M. sieversii and M. sylvestris, were established to maximize pathogen diversity. For each core collection, 10 isolates were inoculated in mixtures onto 51 genotypes from an apple progeny segregating for two qualitative resistance genes and six quantitative resistance loci (QRL). On each apple genotype, isolates that contributed to the scab symptoms were identified within the mixture using microsatellite markers. The most frequently detected isolates were inoculated singly to compare their aggressiveness according to their host origin. The results showed that isolates from a wild habitat were able to infect the susceptible apple genotypes. However, these isolates were never more aggressive than isolates from the cultivated habitat on the resistance factors tested. It can therefore be concluded that the resistance factors used in this study, identified with V. inaequalis isolates from a cultivated habitat, remained effective against isolates from M. sylvestris and M. sieversii.     

基于MSRCR-YOLOv4-tiny的田间玉米杂草检测模型

为实现田间环境下对玉米苗和杂草的高精度实时检测,本文提出一种融合带色彩恢复的多尺度视网膜(Multi-scale retinex with color restoration, MSRCR)增强算法的改进YOLOv4-tiny模型。首先,针对田间环境的图像特点采用MSRCR算法进行图像特征增强预处理,提高图像的对比度和细节质量;然后使用Mosaic在线数据增强方式,丰富目标检测背景,提高训练效率和小目标的检测精度;最后对YOLOv4-tiny模型使用K-means++聚类算法进行先验框聚类分析和通道剪枝处理。改进和简化后的模型总参数量降低了45.3%,模型占用内存减少了45.8%,平均精度均值(Mean average precision, mAP)提高了2.5个百分点,在Jetson Nano嵌入式平台上平均检测帧耗时减少了22.4%。本文提出的Prune-YOLOv4-tiny模型与Faster RCNN、YOLOv3-tiny、YOLOv4 3种常用的目标检测模型进行比较,结果表明：Prune-YOLOv4-tiny的mAP为96.6%,分别比Faster RCNN和YOLOv3...     

甲状腺素对猪小肠上皮细胞miR-let-7a基因表达及细胞增殖的影响

miR-let-7a在动物细胞的分化、增殖与凋亡等方面发挥越来越重要的作用。甲状腺激素(TH)作用非常广泛,机体的每个细胞几乎都是TH作用的靶细胞,其可以促进组织分化、生长和成熟。本实验用甲状腺素(T4)浓度分别为(0、0.02、0.03、0.05、0.075、0.1、0.2μmol/L)在体外培养猪的小肠上皮细胞。结果表明:T4处理组的细胞体积形态相对于空白对照组没有明显变化;当T4添加浓度为0.03μmol/L时,细胞的增殖率显著低于其他组(P0.05);当T4浓度为0~0.03μmol/L时,let-7a的表达随着添加剂量的增加而升高,浓度从0.03~0.2μmol/L变化时,let-7a的表达呈现降低趋势,浓度为0.03μmol/L时表达量极显著高于其他组(P0.01)。let-7a的表达量与细胞增殖呈负相关。     

利用风洞实验研究~7Be示踪估算土壤风蚀速率的可行性

以黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带沙黄土为研究对象,利用室内风洞模拟实验对7Be示踪估算土壤风蚀速率的可行性进行探讨。由于风蚀过程易带走土壤细颗粒,且7Be在土壤细颗粒中含量较高,所以利用7Be水蚀模型计算的土壤风蚀速率高于实测值。实验中发现样点风蚀后和风蚀前土壤颗粒比表面积之比与样点风蚀后7Be含量之间存在幂函数关系,基于此,提出颗粒校正系数(P)的计算式,并将P引入到7Be水蚀模型对其进行修正。计算分析发现,和实测值相比,利用修正模型计算的土壤风蚀速率误差均不超过5%,这说明经过修正的7Be水蚀模型能较准确地估算土壤风蚀速率,利用7Be示踪技术估算土壤风蚀速率是可行的。研究为进一步利用7Be示踪技术调查黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带土壤风蚀问题奠定了基础。